Interna'onal Conference on Health Equity in Asia:2012 Reproduc*ve health ( knowledge, behaviour and prac*ces) among migrant and non- migrant ( men) in India: Evidence from NFHS- 3 Rajan Kumar Gupt 1 & Dr. Aprajita ChaNopadhyay 2 1. Ph.D. Student, IIPS Mumbai, India Email: rajan.gupt85@gmail.com 2. Assistant Prof., IIPS Mumbai, India Email: apachat@rediffmail.com
Outline of the Presenta*on Introduc'on & Review of literature Objec'ves Data Source and Methodology Findings Summary and conclusion
Introduc*on & Review of literature The ICPD (1994) focused that male involvement can play a major role, responsibility and par'cipa'on in sexual and reproduc've behaviour. MDG goal 3 indicates promo'on the gender equality and women empowerment MDG Goal 4, 5 indicate the reduc'on of child mortality and improvement of maternal health
Cont.. Migra'on is a third component of popula'on change Migra'on tends to reduce the fer'lity level and improve the socio- economic status, reproduc've knowledge and behaviour However effect of migra'on on reproduc've knowledge and prac'ces among male is not studies in- depth
Defini*on of Migra*on Migra'on is an form of geographical mobility or spa'al mobility between one geographical unit and another, generally involving a change in residence from the place of origin or place of departure to the place des'na'on or place of arrival Place of Origin Place of Des'na'on
Defini*on of Reproduc*ve health Reproduc've health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, it addresses the reproduc've process, func'ons and system at all stage of life. It implies that male are able to have a responsible, sa'sfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how o^en to do so. (ICPD 1994).
Review of literature Lindstrom at el. (2006) Migra'on is posi'vely associated with the knowledge of reproduc've behaviour as compared to non migrated people because migrant have beaer accessibility of source of knowledge, media, pear network and others
cont. Migra'on adopt the life style of migrated place and compete an earn income that meets their expecta'ons (Resosudarmo B. et al. 2009). Harris and Todaro model (1970) higher average income aaracts the rural people for the employment or some other purpose to urban areas.
Objec*ve and Hypothesis of the Study q Objec've ü Study the reproduc've health knowledge and behavior among male migrant and non- migrant in India. q Hypothesis ü Migra'on influence posi'vely the reproduc've health knowledge and behavior among male.
Data source and Methodology Na'onal Family Health Survey- 3 (NFHS- 3) which is equivalent to Demographic Health Survey in India is used for the study
Methodology of the Study ü Based on dura*on of stay in place of residence considered Recent Migrant (<10 years) Migrant (10 and above years) Non- migrant (Always) ü Bi- variate (Crosstab ) ü Mul'variate Technique (logis'c Regression)
Regional varia*on of Migrant and Non- Migrant Men in India 100 90 80 70 14 14 9 8 13 13 17 18 16 16 18 17 percent 60 50 40 30 73 79 79 67 64 67 20 10 0 North Central East North East West South Less than 10 years More than 10 years Non- Migrant
Wealth quin*le, Place of residence of Migrant and non Migrant Men in India percent 100 6 7 10 90 8 16 10 22 13 80 17 70 25 60 50 86 40 83 78 66 30 53 20 10 0 Poorest Poorer Middle Richer Richest Less than 10 years More than 10 years Non-Migrant Percent 100 7 90 23 9 80 70 60 27 50 40 84 30 50 20 10 0 Urban Rural
Educa*on of Migrant and Non- Migrant Men in India 100 90 80 9 9 13 14 14 15 24 Percent 70 60 50 40 30 20 79 77 71 21 55 10 0 No educa'on primary secondary Higher Less than 10 years More than 10 years Non- Migrant
Caste of Migrant and Non- Migrant Men in India 100 90 80 70 11 11 11 14 12 14 16 19 Less than 10 years 60 50 More than 10 years 40 30 75 78 75 65 20 Non- Migrant 10 0 S.C. S.T. OBC none of them
Reproduc*ve health knowledge & Behavior Between Migrant and Non- Migrant Men in India (2005-06)
Knowledge of Ovulatory Cycle &Drinking panern of water when child suffering from diarrhea 100 100 90 80 16 20 22 90 80 28 35 38 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 30 84 80 78 40 30 72 65 62 20 20 10 10 0 Non-Migrant More than 10 years Less than 10 years 0 Non-Migrant More than 10 years Less than 10 years Correct Knowledge No Knowledge More water No water/less water
ANC Checkup & Place of Delivery among migrant and Non- Migrant Men in India 100 100 90 80 70 27 24 20 90 80 70 62 45 41 60 60 50 50 40 30 20 73 76 80 40 30 20 38 55 59 10 10 0 Non-Migrant More than 10 years Less than 10 years 0 Non-Migrant More than 10 years Less than 10 years Not Present Present Other Hospital
Use of contracep*on among Migrant and non Migrant men in India 60 54 50 45 44 Never used 40 36 37 30 20 28 18 19 19 used modern method 10 used only tradi'onal method 0 Non- Migrant More than 10 years Less than 10 years
Children Ever born between Migrant and Non- Migrant Men in India 70 58 Less than 10 years More than 10 years Non- Migrant 60 Percent 50 40 30 20 10 42 41 31 39 37 11 19 22 0 Less than two Children 2 to 4 children More than 4 children
Determinants of Reproduc*ve health knowledge, behavior and prac*ces between migrant and non Migrant Men in India Migra*on based on *me Knowled ge of Ovulator y Cycle Ever Used Contracep* on Present during check- up of youngest child Place of Birth Children ever Born (CEB) Drinking PaNern of water when child suffering diarrhoea Migra*on Non Migrants Less than 10 years 1.036 1.049 1.153 1.086 1.160*** 1.263*** More than 10 years 1.009 1.047 0.943 1.167* 0.922 1.149*
Determinants of Reproduc*ve health knowledge, behavior and prac*ces between migrant and non Migrant men in India Migra*on Based on Residence Knowledge of Ovulatory Cycle Ever Used Modern Contracep' on Present during check- up of youngest child Place of Birth Children ever Born (CEB) Drinking Paaern of water child suffering diarrhoea Non- Migrant Urban to Urban 1.100*** 0.854*** 1.088 1.246*** 1.142*** 1.003 Rural to Rural 0.772*** 1.264*** 1.184* 1.132 0.988 1.157** Urban to rural 0.988 0.995 1.074 0.876** 0.929* 1.029 Rural to urban 0.831** 0.996 1.034 1.002 1.071 0.980 Age, Educa'on, Place of residence, wealth Index, caste religion, and region are also significantly associated
Summary and Conclusion of the Study This study explores the reproduc've health knowledge among migrant and non migrant male in India based on years lived in place of residence The present study iden'fies how reproduc've knowledge and migra'on varies by different region and socio- economic condi'on
Cont. The level of Reproduc've health Knowledge and behavior are beaer among migrant as compared to non migrant. However the chance of having beaer knowledge about drinking paaern of water during child diarrhea is significantly more among migrant. Through those who migrant urban to urban the propor'on of having correct knowledge of ovulatory cycle the prac'ces of safe delivery and chance of having two or less child significantly more compared to non migrant
Cont. Rural to rural migra'on also shows posi've effect of migra'on as significant in modern contracep'on use of prac'ces at the 'me of ANC check up and knowledge of delivery paaern during child diarrhea. However migra'on do have some nega've impact in this regard when it is urban to rural areas.