EUROPEAN NATIONALISM Mid 19 th Century
What is Nationalism? the belief that a person s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. When a nation has its own independent government it becomes a nation-state.
Nationalism Pros: People within a nation come together for the common good Overthrow colonial rulers Leads to democratic nations Competition amongst nations spurs advancements Cons: Forced assimilation of minority groups Ethnic cleaning ex: Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s The rise of extreme nationalism: Nazism Competition between nations leads to war
Italian Unification: 19 th Century I. Italian Unification a) Congress of Vienna i. Metternich ii. Prevent spread of nationalism iii. Large Empires b) Risorgimento a) definition b) Giuseppe Mazzini c) Count Cavour d) Giuseppe Garibaldi
Italian Nationalist Leaders Count Cavour [The Head ] Giuseppi Mazzini [The Heart ] Giuseppi Garibaldi [The Sword ] King Victor Emmanuel II
Challenges of Unification c.) Challenges of Unification 1. Social & Economic Problems Regional differences 2. Poverty and Emigration Serious problem 3. Reforms Took too
A Unified Peninsula! A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.
The Kingdom of Italy: 1871
I. German Nationalism: A. German nationalism slowly began to show in the early 1800 s. B. Germany was divided into a number of small states and desired a unification within them. C. There goal was to become completely independent out of the control of all other nations as they had been in the past.
German Unification: 19 th Century II. German Unification A. Congress of Vienna B. Factors of Unification C. Nationalism In Prussia Political Economic
1848 Revolution: D. 1848 Revolution: Causes Frankfurt Parliament Democratic national assembly Decided on what was a unified Germany
III. Prussia A. William I: (Wilhelm) Took the Prussian throne in 1861 Did not work well with Parliament Junker Land owning aristocracy B. Otto Von Bismarck Prussia:
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik- meaning the politics of reality The Iron Chancellor Blood & Iron
C. Bismarck's 3 Step to German Unification: Step 1 The Danish War 1864 Schleswig and Holstein Austria and Prussia Denmark Conflicts of jurisdiction Prussia Austria
C. Bismarck's 3 Step to German Unification: Step #2: Austro-Prussian War [Seven Weeks War], 1866 Strategic war Foreign negotiations German Confederation Northern States Reichstag Working class
C. Bismarck's 3 Step to German Unification: Step #3:Franco-Prussian War French Ambassador Southern German States Catholic
A United The German Germany Empire D. A United Germany January 18, 1871 Kaiser Wilhem I Imperial Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck
E. A Growing Economy
IV. Dreyfus Affair and Zionism IV. Dreyfus Affair A. Captain Alfred Dreyfus B. Anti Semitism C. Pogroms, organized massacre of helpless people D. Zionism Homeland in Palestine
I. Austria: A. Austro Prussian war B. Dual Monarchy C. Ethnic Group differences D. Compromise of 1867 Austria:
Ottoman Empire: II. Ottoman Empire A. sick man of Europe B. Africa C. Internal Problems
III. Shift in Power: