August, 2017 [CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] PREFACE The Current Affairs August-2017 ebook covers the current events that happened in the month of July. Current Affairs is a crucial component of any competitive exams including IAS PCS, SSC, Banking and MBA. Current Affairs play the bigger role in many competitive and government exams. It holds the power of making or breaking your chance of success. Therefore, the candidates should cover the Current Affairs thoroughly and smartly. However, there are huge numbers of student who are often confused about how to prepare the current affairs section of the different competitive exams. To clear such doubts and confusion, Jagranjosh.com has come up with ebook concept. We at jagranjosh.com work tirelessly to create this magazine and bring it to you with a great sense of gratitude every month. We always strive for excellence and therefore, our research team continuously endeavour to give you the best material. The Current Affairs August-2017 ebook is divided into different section keeping in mind the need of various exams. The sections covered namely are International, National, Economy, Ecology and Environment, Science & Technology, Corporate, Sports, States News Makers and few others. Every news item in each section is chosen on the basis of its importance in competitive exams. We also kept a close eye on some of the recent analytical stories which may have direct impact on your understanding of the issue. Highlights of the issue are- Decoding India-China Standoff in Doklam & the Way Forward, Modi's Trump Card, Petya Ransomware: What is it & How can it be stopped?, PM Modi s visit to Israel: Significance and Benefits to India Presentation of the given current affairs has been planned meticulously. It has been planned in such a way that it remains in the minds of readers for a longer duration. Wherever necessary each news item is presented along with a background and analysis so as to help candidates contemplate all the important current events at the time of exam in an effective way. Copyright Jagranjosh.com All rights reserved. No part or the whole of this ebook may be copied, reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted and/or cited anywhere in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the written permission of the copyright owner. If any misconduct comes in knowledge or brought in notice, strict action will be taken. Disclaimer Readers are requested to verify/cross-check up to their satisfaction themselves about the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents. If any miss-happening, ill result, mass depletion or any similar incident occurs due to any information cited or referenced in this e-book, Editor, Director/s, employees of Jagranjosh.com can t be held liable/responsible in any matter whatsoever. No responsibilities lie as well in case of the advertisements, advertorials, and external contents. 3 Preface www.jagranjosh.com
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August, 2017 [CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] COVER STORY Decoding India-China Standoff in Doklam & the Way Forward Recently, an another tension point has arisen along the India-China border. Since the second week of June 2017, armies of India and China have been involved in a border standoff in the Doklam area, near Sikkim. Though military standoffs between two countries are endemic in nature, the recent development has raised concerns due to the location of Doklam at the India-China-Bhutan trijunction. The earlier tension points have mostly been in the Western Sector of the boundary, primarily around Ladakh. The attempt by the Chinese Army to escalate tension in the Dolkam area, which falls in the Middle Sector, is a completely new and unexpected development. It brings Bhutan into the boundary matrix between India and China. Against this backdrop, it is pertinent to understand the origin of the recent border conflict and the basis for the claims of India and China over the region. Strategic Significance of Doklam As per the security experts, the claims of China over the Doklam region are not just territorial in nature, but has geo-strategic imperatives to the region as a whole. China s presence in Doklam would bring China within striking distance of India s vulnerable Siliguri Corridor. The corridor, which is also called as Chicken Neck, is the life-line to India s Northeast. It connects the rest of India with the seven States of the North East region. Some of the finerpoints related to the current standoff are given below. The Doklam Plateau is located at the tip of the Chumbi Valley, which is located at the trijunction of India, China and Bhutan. Historically, Bhutan has claims over the region; However, this is now questioned by China. 7 Cover Story www.jagranjosh.com
[CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] August, 2017 The current standoff stemmed from differences between Bhutan and India on the one hand and China on the other over the exact location of the tri-junction between the three countries. While India puts it near Batang La, China asserts that the trijunction is located at Mt. Gipmochi further south. More or less, Thimpu has been equivocal about China s claims. Bhutan acknowledges that Tibetan/Chinese graziers had free access to the Doklam plateau and the Dorsa Nala area, but accept the fact that the trijunction is at Batang La. The genesis of the current altercation is rooted in Chinese army s reported entry into the area on 17 June with an intention to build an all-weather road in the region, which is capable of sustaining heavy vehicles. The army of the Bhutan attempted to dissuade the road construction, to no avail. Indian personnel present in the region tried to dissuade the construction personnel since the Doklam plateau region is a trijunction point. Agreements one must be aware of to understand the issue are Calcutta Convention of 1890:The Convention was tripartite in nature as it was entered into by India, Sikkim and China. The convention seeks to settle the border areas among the parties. However, the real problem lies in the ambiguous nature of the landmarks used in the convention and varied interpretations it assumed over a period of time. Simla Accord 1914: The legal basis for the McMahon line lies in this accord between British India, China and Tibet, which was signed in Shimla. McMahon s line generally followed the watershed between present-day India and China. However, the line, especially in the southern part, did not follow the watershed, but was drawn south of the Thag La Ridge, which is located near Doklam. India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty 2007: Under the treaty, there is an overriding obligation on Bhutan to ensure no part of its territory is used for activities that are harmful to Indian security interests in the region. By invoking this clause, Indian security forces objected to Chinese construction of a road in June 2017. India-China Agreement 2012: Both the countries signed an agreement in 2012, which states that - tri-junction boundary points between the two countries and any third party would be finalized in consultation with the concerned countries. This provision is applicable to the current standoff involving India, China and Bhutan. What is the way forward? To ward off the recurring nature of border skirmishes the following steps should be taken. A hotline should be established between India and China at the highest level to talk on pressing issues without any delay. www.jagranjosh.com Cover Story 8
August, 2017 [CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] The ongoing negotiations between Permanent Representatives on the Border Question should be concluded as early as possible. Summit level talks should be held between the leaders of three countries for early conclusion of the dispute. Conclusion India must hold firm at Dokla. However, it should be kept in mind that even a short border conflict is not in India s interest. India s interests lie in arriving at the immediate demarcation of the LAC, followed by the early resolution of the territorial dispute. It is towards these goals that India must steer the course of future meetings with China s political and military authorities. Modi's Trump Card On 26th July, U.S. President Donald J. Trump hosted Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the first face-to-face meeting between the two leaders in Washington, DC. This was Modi s fifth visit to the United States since becoming prime minister. This meeting was especial because the present president didn t necessarily share his two immediate predecessors predispositions toward India. Trump said that USA is looking forward to working towards creating jobs in both the countries and a trading relationship that is fair and reciprocal. Trump termed India and the US as global engines of growth. While Indian Prime Minister Modi said that India considers the US as its primary partner for social and economic transformation in flagship programs. There were other highlights of the meeting including terrorism, North Korea, Pakistan, economic cooperation, defense deals, and investment in India. The US president Trump promised to live up to his campaign promise of being India s true friend at the White House. There was also a mention of a common affinity towards social media that helps them hear directly from the elected members. Here, we have given the top take away from the Modi-Trump meeting. 1. Anti-terrorism Both India and USA agreed at the joint press briefing, and the both leaders said both the countries are determined to demolish terrorist organizations and the radical ideology that they thrive on. Trump accepted that like India, USA too has been struck by the evils of terrorism and he 9 Cover Story www.jagranjosh.com
[CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] August, 2017 showed the determination to root out terrorism from the world. Trump used the strongest words to address the issue of terrorism. He said, The security partnership between the US and India is incredibly important. Both our nations have been struck by the evils of terrorism and we are both determined to destroy terrorist organisations and the radical ideology that drives them. We will destroy radical Islamic terrorism. 2. Trade and Economy At the joint press briefing, President Trump said that the present relationship between the USA and India is at its best. He said the relationship between India and the US has never been stronger and better. India has a true friend in the White House, he said, and added, India is the fastest growing economy in the world. We hope we will be catching up with you very soon. Trump urged Modi to do more to relax Indian trade barriers during talks in which both leaders took great pains to stress the importance of a strong US-India relationship. Donald Trump said that he is keen to work with PM Modi on creating a fair and reciprocal trading relationship between the two nations and called for the removal of barriers for the export of US goods into Indian markets. Indian Prime Minister, Modi said, We are global engines of growth. The all-around comprehensive economic growth and joint progress of both countries and societies are the priorities of India and US. Meanwhile, Trump showed his satisfaction over Indian airline s recent order for 100 new American planes, and the United States looked forward to exporting more energy, including major long-term contracts to purchase American natural gas. 3. The Rules-Based Order, Freedom of Navigation, and the Belt and Road Though, like last year, no direct references to the South China Sea or China were included, they called on all nations to resolve territorial and maritime disputes peacefully and in accordance with international law. In an implicit reference to China s Belt and Road Initiative India and USA stated a joint statement which says we support bolstering regional economic connectivity through the transparent development of infrastructure and the use of responsible debt financing practices, while ensuring respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, the rule of law, and the environment. 4. The Missing Issue of Climate Change The Indian Prime Minister omitted the issues related to climate change and climate justice as Trump s unilateral decision in late-may to pull the United States out of the Paris climate agreement. www.jagranjosh.com Cover Story 10
August, 2017 [CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] On the USA s decision to withdraw from the Paris agreement the India had said that India would go above and beyond the accord. The Joint statement observed that a rational approach is needed to balance environment and climate policy, global economic development, and energy security needs. 5. India s Global Governance and Institutional Aspirations The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi did not mention by name India s aspirations for membership on the United Nations Security Council as a permanent member or the Nuclear Suppliers Group. Mr, Modi said on this issue that India is extremely grateful for the continued support of the United States for India s membership of international institutions and regimes, which was in the interest of both our nations. The joint statement addressed New Delhi s interest in these institutions and regimes. These institutions and regimes include India s aspirations for early membership in the Nuclear Suppliers Group, the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Australia Group, and the UN Security Council. Apart from it, this year s statement did not mention of U.S. support for India s inclusion in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum. 6. Afghanistan and North Korea The Afghanistan issue, notably, made an appearance in both leaders remarks. I also thank the Indian people for their contributions to the effort in Afghanistan, Trump noted. The joint statement offered a more detailed look at how both sides see the issue: The increasing instability, due to terrorism, in Afghanistan is one of our common concerns. Both India and America have played an important role in rebuilding Afghanistan and ensuring its security. In order to attain our objectives for peace and stability in Afghanistan, we will maintain close consultation and communication with the U.S. to enhance coordination between our two nations. Additionally, in a demonstration that Trump and Modi managed to keep the U.S.-India momentum on regional and global issues going during their first meeting, North Korea came up as well. Trump thanked India for joining us in applying new sanctions against the North Korean regime. This appeared to be an acknowledgement of India s decision in May to suspend most types of trade with the Pyongyang regime. The joint statement included an entire paragraph on North Korea a sharp difference from last year s statement: The leaders strongly condemned continued provocations by the Democratic People s Republic of Korea (DPRK), emphasizing that its destabilizing pursuit of nuclear and ballistic missile programs poses a grave threat to regional security and global peace. The leaders called on DPRK to strictly abide by its international obligations and commitments. The 11 Cover Story www.jagranjosh.com
[CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] August, 2017 leaders pledged to work together to counter the DPRK s weapons of mass destruction programs, including by holding accountable all parties that support these programs. The Indian move will no doubt be seen as an important success for the Trump administration s policy of applying maximum pressure on the Pyongyang regime. India is one of North Korea s most significant trading partners; in 2015, it was Pyongyang s second largest export destination after China. In 2015-2016, India imported $88 million in goods from North Korea while exported $111 million. Conclusion The statements by both leaders and the joint statement make clear, the strategic partnership remains broad enough to cover the issues that had appeared previously with the notable omission of climate change. During the joint meeting, Indian Prime Minister Modi kept coming back to the question of why the U.S.-India relationship matters. Mr. Modi even went to say that the two sides were not partners by chance, but partners in dealing with current and future challenges that we may be faced with. By most measures, there will no doubt that the broader trajectory of the bilateral relationship between India and the USA remains set and positive. The conclusion of the Guardian UAV sale a development that saw its genesis in the Obama administration s final year does speak to the extent to which this relationship has been deeply institutionalized and bureaucratized. Moreover, the continuity across the Obama and Trump administrations on a range of global questions additionally speaks to the maturity of the U.S.-India bilateral, which remains stable. However, as Modi emphasized, the relationship does have a future ahead of it that won t be free of challenges. Petya Ransomware: What is it & How can it be stopped? On 27 June 2017, several organizations across the world, especially in the Europe, reported ransomware infecting their systems, modifying their master boot records and encrypting the files. Even in India, operations at one of three terminals at the Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Mumbai were disrupted by the global ransomware attack. The ransomware, which was identified as a new strain of the existing Petya, is spreading rapidly, affecting organizations, businesses, and end users. This Ukraine-originated, as believed by many, ransom attack turning into an outbreak reminiscent of the one caused by WannaCry that took place in May 2017. www.jagranjosh.com Cover Story 12
August, 2017 [CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] Against this backdrop, Jagran Josh is providing you all the details that one should know about ransomware in general and the Petya in particular. The details are given below. What is ransomware? Ransomware is a type of malicious software that infects and restricts access to a computer until a ransom is paid. Although there are other methods of delivery, ransomware is frequently delivered through phishing emails and exploits unpatched vulnerabilities in software. What is the modus operandi? Phishing emails are crafted to appear as though they have been sent from a legitimate organization or known individual. These emails often entice users to click on a link or open an attachment containing malicious code. After the code is run, a computer becomes prone to infections from malware. Why is it called Petya Ransomware? The recent malware bears superficial resemblance to the latest versions of Petya, which is a ransomware strain first spotted in 2015 itself. It should be noted that Petya is Russian for "Pete, which means rock in Greek. However, as per some researchers, the recent version of Petya is an entirely new version of malware that's just designed to look like the real Petya. The real Petya, for instance, has a sophisticated ransom-collection and file-decrypting mechanism, and the present version doesn't have these features. How does the Petya spread? Primarily, Petya is a worm. Hence, it has the ability to self-propagate. As per the experts, Petya this by building a list of target computers and using two methods to spread to those computers. The two methods are IP address and Credential gathering and Lateral movement. Method 1 - IP address and Credential gathering: In the first method, the ransomware builds a list of IP addresses to spread to, which includes primarily addresses on the local area network (LAN) but also remote IPs. Due to this reason, large organizations using networks are more prone to this malware than compared to stand-alone computers and individual internet users. 13 Cover Story www.jagranjosh.com
[CURRENT AFFAIRS ebook] August, 2017 Once the list of target computers has been identified, Petya builds out a list of user names and passwords it can use to spread to those targets. The list of user names and passwords is stored in memory. It uses two methods to gather credentials - Gathers user names and passwords from Windows Credential Manager and Drops and executes a 32bit or 64bit credential dumper. Method 2 Lateral Movement: Petya uses two primary methods to spread across networks - Execution across network shares and SMB exploits. What does the Petya do? Petya differs from typical ransomware as it not only encrypt files, it also overwrites and encrypts the master boot record (MBR). It should be noted that the MBR Is also called as the master partition table as it includes a table that locates each partition that the hard disk has been formatted into. The modified MBR allows the Petya to hijack the normal loading process of the infected computer during the next system reboot. Further, the modified MBR is used to encrypt the hard disk while simulating a CHKDSK screen. Finally, the malware displays a ransom note to the user. In the latest attack, the attackers demanded $300 in bitcoins be paid to recover files. What you should do to shield your system from Petya? To shiled your system from ransomware attacks, perform the following tasks. Perform frequent backups of system and important files and verify those backups regularly. If ransomware affects your system, you can restore your system to its previous state with any files unaffected by ransomware. The safest practice is to store backups on a separate device that cannot be accessed from a network. You should exercise caution while clicking directly on links in emails, even if the sender appears to be known. Exercise caution when opening email attachments. Be particularly wary of compressed or ZIP file attachments. Follow best practices for Server Message Block (SMB) and update to the latest version immediately. For general best practices on patching and phishing, users must - Ensure that your applications and operating system has been patched with the latest updates. Vulnerable applications and operating systems are the target of most attacks. www.jagranjosh.com Cover Story 14
Current Affairs August 2017 Ebook Publisher : Jagran Josh Author : Jagran Josh Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/11465 Get this ebook