The Bayt.com Middle East Job Seeker Confidence Survey. September 2018

The Bayt.com Middle East Job Seeker Confidence Survey September 2018

Section 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Objectives To gauge perceptions and attitudes of jobseekers regarding the economy of their countries. To identify trends in the Middle East and North Africa job market. To provide an understanding of their personal financial and job situation, their likelihood to purchase and invest.

Project Background Jobseeker confidence is a measure of the economic wellbeing of a country. It is a reflection of jobseeker satisfaction levels and expectations based on various factors in the economy, i.e. inflation, stock market performance, job opportunities, salary structures, unemployment, business growth, state economic policies, infrastructure, cost of living, interest rates, exchange rates, etc. Such satisfaction levels and expectations will have an effect on economic variables. For example, if jobseekers are positive about the economy and have disposable income levels that are perceived as sufficient, they tend to spend more on consumer goods. This, in turn, will drive business dependent on consumer spending and create further economic growth. On the other hand, a pessimistic view of the economy would cause jobseekers to rein in their spending, creating a spending recession which could effectively cause business losses and economic downturn.

Project Background Similarly, if employable adults are optimistic about job prospects, opportunities and job security; have healthy salary expectations; and are hopeful about their career growth and development, it will be reflected in their attitudes towards work and the economy as a whole, as well as their spending behaviors. Therefore, the following trends in jobseeker and employee expectations could help forecast economic variables. This information is useful for professionals, manufacturers/business people, recruitment consultants/agencies, economists, and the general public. *Note: the name of the survey was previously Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) and became Jobseeker Confidence index, with few changes to the questionnaire.

Section 2a PERSONAL ECONOMIC SITUATION

Personal Finance Evaluation of Current Scenario Overall, only 14% believe that their financial condition is better now than it was 6 months ago. A significantly higher proportion of GCC residents (20%) believe that their financial condition is better now as compared to respondents in Levant and North Africa (9% and 10%, respectively). 8 10 6 7 42 31 48 51 36 40 38 32 14 20 9 10 Total GCC Levant North Africa Better Same as 6 months ago Worse Don t know/ Can t say Q10. Compared to 6 months ago, my or my family s current financial position is: BASE Total GCC Levant North Africa 3078 1228 529 1321

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Personal Finance Evaluation of Current Scenario Among GCC residents, Oman (33%) and Kuwait (26%) consider their financial position to be better. 60% of Sudan & Egypt residents and 54% of Jordanian residents state that their financial condition is worse now as compared to 6 months ago, the highest amongst any country in the MENA region. 8 10 7 8 16 10 9 4 2 7 6 7 10 8 7 7 15 42 38 26 22 20 24 28 46 49 54 60 26 37 29 40 60 37 36 37 14 15 43 44 24 26 43 41 21 24 30 33 42 44 32 25 8 5 7 10 49 19 40 54 47 22 13 10 7 12 32 17 Better Same as 6 months ago Worse Don t know/ Can t say Q10. Compared to 6 months ago, my or my family s current financial position is: BASE Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41

Personal Finance Expectations for the Future Overall, 36% expect their financial condition to improve in the next 6 months. This belief is significantly higher in the GCC (47%) as compared to other MENA regions (Levant: 29%, North Africa: 29%). 16 15 15 17 22 26 14 25 26 28 30 26 36 47 29 29 Total GCC Levant North Africa Improve Remain the same as it is now Recede (get worse) Don t know/ Can t say Q11. In comparison to the current period, in the next 6 months I expect my or my family s financial position to: BASE Total GCC Levant North Africa 3078 1228 529 1321

Total Personal Finance Expectations for the Future Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya The GCC countries where expectation to improve is higher include UAE (60%), followed by Bahrain (56%) and Kuwait (55%). Residents of Jordan and Egypt seem more pessimistic about their future financial position, with 33% expecting it to get worse. Sudan leads by 40% feeling pessimistic. 16 18 22 19 12 12 7 15 15 9 11 8 7 7 17 25 22 33 27 14 19 23 16 14 16 17 20 18 11 13 14 33 33 23 14 21 40 39 26 28 36 36 60 55 50 56 51 31 33 28 37 27 25 26 26 40 31 22 45 35 23 33 33 19 27 15 24 22 Improve Remain the same as it is now Recede (get worse) Don t know/ Can t say Q11. In comparison to the current period, in the next 6 months I expect my or my family s financial position to: BASE Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41

Cost of Living Majority of respondents (72%) expect the cost of living to increase in the next 6 months. This sentiment is especially high in Jordan (85%) and Sudan (85%). Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Base: 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41 Cost of living to increase 72 72 58 66 51 63 58 65 60 85 82 54 61 67 84 85 66 Cost of living to remain the same 14 14 19 21 27 17 28 22 19 10 7 31 17 17 2 3 7 Cost of living to decrease 7 4 14 6 9 17 7 4 14 1 5 3 10 6 12 9 12 Don t know / can t say 8 9 9 6 14 2 7 9 7 4 5 11 13 10 2 3 15 Q21. In the next 6 months, I expect

Change in Savings More than half the respondents (55%) believe that their savings have decreased in comparison to last year, while only 16% believe the opposite. A higher percentage of residents in Jordan (73%) and Sudan (65%) believe that their savings have decreased. Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Base: 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41 Increased 14 14 22 21 21 22 23 13 2 10 11 14 12 11 12 8 10 Remained the same 19 20 24 27 27 20 26 21 21 13 13 34 30 26 19 9 22 Decreased 61 58 50 46 42 49 42 64 70 74 71 50 49 54 63 77 61 Don t know / Can t say 6 7 3 6 9 10 9 3 7 3 5 1 9 9 7 6 7 Q22. In comparison to last year, my savings have:

Section 2b COUNTRY S ECONOMIC SITUATION

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Country s Economy Evaluation of Current Scenario 49% of respondents believe that their country s economy has gotten worse compared to 6 months earlier, while only 16% believe the opposite. A significantly higher proportion of respondents from Sudan (91%) and Tunisia (77%) followed by Lebanon (69%) and Jordan (66%) believe that their country s economy has gotten worse. 11 13 14 10 21 15 19 1 5 8 13 13 6 2 3 7 49 41 25 25 16 21 24 24 22 27 21 33 39 32 34 28 29 27 25 24 33 69 26 5 49 28 19 50 66 58 37 15 23 2 15 13 31 38 18 50 77 37 14 7 7 91 4 2 61 20 12 Improved Remained the same Receded (got worse) Don t know/ Can t say Q12. Compared to 6 months earlier, my country s economy has: BASE Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Country s Economy Expectations for the Future Over a third (33%) of respondents expect the economy in their country of residence to improve in the next 6 months, while 32% expect the opposite. Those living in the GCC and especially residents of Oman (74%), UAE (66%) and Qatar (59%) are more optimistic about their country s future economy as compared to those living in other regions, particularly Sudan (12%) and Jordan (14%). 14 18 32 24 21 20 33 38 10 8 9 13 15 32 66 47 13 10 9 6 11 20 16 17 48 20 74 59 51 31 16 14 12 16 6 23 44 44 41 21 30 18 34 42 14 24 16 19 14 12 10 23 34 49 69 23 31 23 35 10 21 16 12 17 39 12 32 Improve Remain the same Recede (get worse) Don t know/ Can t say Q13. In comparison to the current period, in the next 6 months I expect my country s economy to: BASE Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Present Business Conditions 18% of respondents are positive about the current business conditions. Perception is more positive among GCC residents in comparison to respondents from other regions. Residents in Sudan (77%), Jordan (67%), and Libya (57%) are more pessimistic about the conditions. 4 4 9 4 7 10 6 2 4 1 3 2 5 3 2 3 3 16 15 23 13 43 39 38 42 47 46 59 54 52 59 67 57 39 77 48 39 53 35 36 18 21 37 32 31 23 46 31 30 27 8 7 5 30 13 41 5 40 18 47 8 50 18 3 3 17 23 Good/Very Good Average Bad/Very Bad Don t know/ Can t say Q14. Overall, present business conditions in my country of residence are BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Expectations of Future Business Conditions Overall, 43% of MENA residents expect the business conditions to get better within the next year. GCC residents, especially those living in the UAE (73%) and Qatar (70%), are more optimistic about the future business conditions in their country of residence, while countries like Sudan (49%), Iraq (36%) and Egypt (32%) expect the business conditions to get worse. 12 12 9 10 11 10 6 7 5 6 9 9 13 23 13 22 22 9 26 22 13 23 22 43 43 73 59 70 63 63 27 11 26 44 48 15 12 13 11 13 15 28 38 23 23 32 36 32 25 27 13 13 63 21 34 20 37 30 33 10 11 49 19 21 20 23 27 30 Get better Remain the same Get worse Don t know/can t say Q15. In a year s time, I expect the business conditions to: BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Current Availability of Jobs Overall in MENA, 38% residents believe that there are few jobs available across few industries, while 25% state that there are few jobs available across various industries. Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Base: 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41 There are plenty of jobs available across various industries There are plenty of jobs available but across a few industries only There are few jobs available across various industries There are few jobs available across few industries Don t know/ Can t say 10 13 24 16 22 10 19 4 7 2 9 7 13 4-5 2 13 13 14 17 18 22 23 10 7 10 17 4 13 8 12 6 5 25 25 29 28 24 17 28 31 30 24 22 17 27 34 23 16 15 38 36 19 28 19 29 16 46 40 53 35 67 39 46 56 53 61 14 14 14 13 17 22 14 10 16 11 17 4 7 9 9 20 17 Q19. Which of the following best describes your opinion on the current availability of jobs in your country of residence:

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Expectations to find ideal job in the Future 42% of respondents in MENA are hopeful to find their ideal job in the next 6 months, while 35% of respondents are pessimistic about it. 35 29 23 26 42 46 24 28 28 28 35 25 28 28 33 21 51 44 44 40 44 54 17 29 44 9 47 36 38 52 27 14 34 33 37 28 25 21 54 37 37 38 17 21 15 46 42 46 20 18 63 Hopeful (Very/Somewhat) Neutral Unhopeful (Very/Somewhat) Q19a. How hopeful are you that you will find your ideal job in the next 6 months..? BASE Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 4664 855 273 238 295 69 159 240 52 320 81 952 303 315 84 160 51

Future Availability of Jobs 29% of respondents expect the number of jobs available in the next 6 months to decrease and 26% expect it to increase, while 29% expect it to remain the same. UAE (40%), Kuwait (41%) and Qatar (42%) residents are more optimistic and expect the jobs available to increase while Jordan (45%), Saudi (41%) and Lebanon (40%) residents expect them to decrease. Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Base: 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 70 112 235 43 188 41 Increase 26 30 40 41 42 39 35 16 51 13 21 16 31 19 14 11 17 Remain the same 29 24 25 30 26 15 33 29 23 33 31 34 26 40 47 35 32 Decrease 29 32 12 17 15 22 16 40 9 45 34 34 20 23 23 41 24 Don t know/can t say 16 14 23 13 17 24 16 16 16 9 14 16 23 18 16 13 27 Q20. In the next 6 months, the number of jobs available in my country will.

Section 2c CURRENT JOB

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Change in Number of Employees 44% of respondents state that the number of employees in their company has decreased in comparison to 6 months ago, while 19% believe that it has increased. Relatively higher proportion of GCC residents (except Saudi), particularly in Kuwait (32%) claim that this number has increased as compared to other countries like Jordan (15%), Tunisia (10%) and Sudan (16%). 8 7 6 9 12 10 11 5 4 9 4 9 10 14 17 9 7 44 59 45 30 39 37 37 35 44 44 45 32 38 25 40 46 33 29 18 19 16 24 25 29 32 28 37 22 17 26 42 30 26 18 22 32 34 15 17 34 25 33 37 20 23 33 10 30 40 16 20 Increased Remained the same Decreased Don t know/can t say Q16. In comparison to 6 months ago, the number of employees in the organization where I work has: BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Expected Change in Number of Employees 31% of respondents expect the number of employees in their company to decrease in the next 6 months, while 27% expect the opposite. GCC residents (except for Saudi) are more optimistic, particularly in Bahrain (50%), Qatar (42%) and UAE (41%) in comparison to other countries like Jordan (18%), Tunisia (10%), Sudan (16%) and Libya (17%) 11 12 10 9 15 22 21 32 21 44 27 30 21 31 25 41 40 42 27 20 7 17 27 50 14 13 11 8 8 11 20 17 17 11 14 33 35 25 32 18 18 20 41 40 34 33 37 31 41 34 53 31 37 24 18 24 30 30 27 10 10 20 48 33 26 30 16 17 Increase Remain the same Decrease Don t know/can t say Q17. In the next 6 months, I expect the number of employees in my organization to: BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Satisfaction levels Job Attributes Generally, respondents are satisfied with the non-monetary benefits (41%), work-life balance (39%), (44%), job security (38%) and career growth(375). However, over half the respondents are dissatisfied with their current compensation (54%). 41 54 43 43 50 40 22 16 19 21 19 18 37 27 41 38 32 39 Career growth Current compensation Non-monetary benefits Job security Training & professional development Work-life Balance Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Q18. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job? BASE (Those employed) Total 2219

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Satisfaction Levels: Career Growth Opportunities 37% claim that they are satisfied with the career growth opportunities in their current job, while 41% state the opposite. Residents in Oman (54%), Bahrain (53%), UAE (49%) and Qatar (49%) are more satisfied as compared to other countries like Libya (23%), Syria (26%), and Jordan (30%). 41 43 22 23 37 33 20 29 28 26 23 27 23 23 24 25 49 48 49 53 54 38 30 31 44 41 38 56 50 9 15 23 20 19 50 48 26 30 33 45 47 52 19 17 16 35 37 32 73 3 23 Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Q18_1. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Satisfaction Levels: Current Compensation (Salary & Allowances) Over half (54%) respondents are dissatisfied with their current compensation. Dissatisfaction levels are highest amongst residents of Syria (74%), Tunisia and Sudan (both at 73%). GCC residents, especially in Qatar (45%), Oman (43%) and Kuwait (42%) are relatively more satisfied. 54 52 38 34 37 33 37 53 74 64 60 59 50 61 73 73 70 19 21 27 27 23 25 18 27 20 38 42 45 40 43 25 23 16 18 11 15 20 21 15 9 32 35 19 19 17 10 11 17 16 13 Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Q18_2. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Satisfaction Levels: Non-monetary Benefits When it comes to the non-monetary benefits employed respondents receive at their current job, 41% are satisfied while 43% claim to be unsatisfied. GCC residents present higher satisfaction levels, with UAE (57%), Oman (54%), Qatar (53%) and Bahrain (53%) most satisfied. Libya (87%), Iraq (68%) and Syria (67%) residents are the most dissatisfied with non-monetary benefits. 43 16 33 18 26 17 50 13 31 33 17 13 29 17 47 22 67 50 52 14 16 68 40 43 15 12 53 17 48 16 87 41 49 57 37 53 53 54 31 11 22 35 32 14 18 45 45 30 36 7 7 Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Q18_3. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Satisfaction Levels: Job Security 38% are satisfied with the job security in their current organization, while 43% claim to be unsatisfied. Residents of Bahrain (57%) are highly satisfied whereas residents of Libya (63%), Syria (59%) and Jordan (52%) are more dissatisfied. 43 50 19 17 38 34 35 35 36 33 10 21 18 20 57 43 46 45 17 37 46 42 20 38 52 47 45 59 14 10 21 7 33 38 41 33 35 36 33 15 21 23 50 43 43 46 18 36 63 20 17 Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Q18_4. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Satisfaction Levels: Training & professional development Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 50% of respondents claim to be unsatisfied with the training and professional development, while 32% are satisfied. Residents of Morocco (48%), UAE (43%) and Qatar (47%) are highly satisfied whereas residents of Libya (70%), Syria (63%) and Sudan (61%) are dissatisfied. 50 54 37 45 38 33 34 39 63 50 56 52 40 56 53 61 70 18 32 21 25 20 15 43 39 15 27 26 25 47 40 40 36 17 7 30 33 19 25 11 36 13 48 13 31 7 40 14 25 13 17 Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Q18_5. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Satisfaction Levels: Work-life Balance 39% are satisfied with the work-life balance in their current organization, while 40% claim to be unsatisfied. Residents of Oman (57%), Iraq (55%) and Kuwait (49%) are highly satisfied whereas residents of Syria (56%) and Sudan (52%) are dissatisfied. 20 20 40 37 32 31 33 23 20 37 21 24 28 21 57 49 39 39 40 46 43 33 24 43 56 22 22 44 49 25 18 31 33 36 9 55 43 40 53 3 16 23 45 41 37 52 16 31 40 23 37 Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Q18_6. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Expected change in job attributes Respondents expect their job attributes to improve over the next 6 months, especially with regards to career growth (29%) and training and professional development (26%). 11 10 10 11 11 10 17 21 18 24 18 22 43 46 54 46 45 44 29 24 18 18 26 24 Career growth Current compensation Non-monetary benefits Job security Training & professional development Work-life Balance Get better Remain the same Get worse Don't know / Can't say Q18_a. How do you expect these job attributes to change over the next 6 months? BASE (Those employed) Total 2219

Total Expected change in job attributes: Career growth opportunities Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Close to a third (29%) respondents expect the career growth opportunities to get better in the next 6 months. More GCC residents expect a positive change, highest being among residents of Bahrain (57%), Qatar and Oman (both at 51%). 11 13 10 9 11 13 11 11 15 8 8 8 3 17 19 13 19 19 39 30 34 17 45 43 41 43 37 8 10 14 18 19 30 57 48 34 5 15 50 15 10 11 19 20 26 43 50 44 7 17 53 29 25 44 38 51 57 51 29 30 17 23 23 30 22 20 19 23 Get better Remain the same Get worse Don't know / Can't say Q18_a_1. How do you expect these job attributes to change over the next 6 month? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Expected change in job attributes: Current compensation (salary & allowances) Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 24% of respondents expect the current compensation to get better in the next 6 months, while another 21% expect it to get worse. GCC residents (apart from KSA) are most optimistic about the positive change in current compensation, while other countries like Jordan (25%), Sudan (27%) and Iraq (34%) expect the compensation to get worse. 10 11 7 9 4 10 12 10 21 25 46 45 24 19 46 45 35 35 37 27 48 13 7 53 3 49 46 8 22 47 24 19 11 25 25 56 53 15 12 9 9 7 46 20 34 52 7 13 13 13 11 15 43 30 21 17 49 17 47 23 20 27 13 45 53 17 13 Get better Remain the same Get worse Don't know / Can't say Q18_a_2. How do you expect these job attributes to change over the next 6 month? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Expected change in job attributes: Non- monetary benefits Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 54% of respondents claim that the non-monetary benefits will remain the same over the next 6 months, especially among residents of Syria (63%), Lebanon, Jordan and Tunisia (all three at 60%). 10 9 7 11 9 8 18 21 12 9 55 47 54 54 54 30 34 18 24 16 9 6 17 6 19 3 33 46 60 47 40 16 22 15 63 7 10 23 22 60 54 11 15 23 34 36 7 13 13 13 11 23 15 13 10 23 30 48 59 60 58 40 25 15 17 9 7 Get better Remain the same Get worse Don't know / Can't say Q18_a_3. How do you expect these job attributes to change over the next 6 month? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Expected change in job attributes: Job security Less than a fifth (18%) of respondents expect their job security to get better in the next 6 months, especially in Bahrain (53%) and Qatar (42%) 11 12 24 36 16 15 17 16 9 10 9 8 13 13 9 22 23 36 49 19 26 9 9 31 28 16 27 8 10 25 13 17 14 13 10 18 33 46 35 18 17 37 43 30 26 42 53 34 52 19 44 49 53 45 11 11 10 11 40 61 60 28 16 13 61 7 37 17 Get better Remain the same Get worse Don't know / Can't say Q18_a_4. How do you expect these job attributes to change over the next 6 month? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Expected change in job attributes: Training & professional development Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya More than a quarter of respondents are positive that the training and professional benefits at their job will get better in the next 6 months, especially among Bahrain (53%) and Qatar (50%) residents. 11 12 13 13 10 6 13 8 18 11 12 3 15 14 23 46 30 28 43 44 51 45 43 19 15 44 11 10 23 21 52 49 23 18 36 8 10 13 16 17 15 15 13 22 23 38 40 55 44 37 26 22 34 30 50 53 49 26 22 15 21 23 40 20 33 18 23 Get better Remain the same Get worse Don't know / Can't say Q18_a_5. How do you expect these job attributes to change over the next 6 month? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya Expected change in job attributes: Work-life Balance 24% of respondents expect their work-life balance to improve in the next 6 months, especially among residents of Bahrain (57%), Oman and Qatar (43%). 10 10 11 10 11 22 23 15 14 10 36 44 43 44 51 43 24 23 31 25 17 3 23 57 6 5 11 25 40 45 43 25 19 9 9 11 8 11 13 12 13 27 23 33 30 18 19 10 23 29 43 45 30 57 47 50 37 46 46 33 33 26 15 12 17 16 20 14 Get better Remain the same Get worse Don't know / Can't say Q18_a_6. How do you expect these job attributes to change over the next 6 month? BASE (Those employed) Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Iraq Morocco Algeria Tunisia Sudan Libya 2219 424 247 110 137 30 35 102 27 159 501 44 40 150 30 140 30

Section 2d SUMMARY

Summary- Personal Economic Situation Overall, only 14% believe that their financial condition is better now than it was 6 months ago. Among GCC residents, Oman (33%) and Kuwait (26%) consider their financial position to be better. 60% of Sudan & Egypt residents and 54% of Jordanian residents state that their financial condition is worse now as compared to 6 months ago, the highest amongst any country in the MENA region. Overall, 36% expect their financial condition to improve in the next 6 months. This belief is significantly higher in the GCC (47%) as compared to other MENA regions (Levant: 29%, North Africa: 29%). The GCC countries where expectation to improve is higher include UAE (60%), followed by Bahrain (56%) and Kuwait (55%). Residents of Jordan and Egypt seem more pessimistic about their future financial position, with 33% expecting it to get worse. Sudan leads by 40% feeling pessimistic. Majority of respondents (72%) expect the cost of living to increase in the next 6 months. This sentiment is especially high in Jordan (85%) and Sudan (85%). More than half the respondents (55%) believe that their savings have decreased in comparison to last year, while only 16% believe the opposite. A higher percentage of residents in Jordan (73%) and Sudan (65%) believe that their savings have decreased.

Summary- Country s Economic Situation 49% of respondents believe that their country s economy has gotten worse compared to 6 months earlier, while only 16% believe the opposite. A significantly higher proportion of respondents from Sudan (91%) and Tunisia (77%) followed by Lebanon (69%) and Jordan (66%) believe that their country s economy has gotten worse. Over a third (33%) of respondents expect the economy in their country of residence to improve in the next 6 months, while 32% expect the opposite. Those living in the GCC and especially residents of Oman (74%), UAE (66%) and Qatar (59%) are more optimistic about their country s future economy as compared to those living in other regions, particularly Sudan (12%) and Jordan (14%). 18% of respondents are positive about the current business conditions. Perception is more positive among GCC residents in comparison to respondents from other regions. Residents in Sudan (77%), Jordan (67%), and Libya (57%) are more pessimistic about the conditions. Overall, 43% of MENA residents expect the business conditions to get better within the next year. GCC residents, especially those living in the UAE (73%) and Qatar (70%), are more optimistic about the future business conditions in their country of residence, while countries like Sudan (49%), Iraq (36%) and Egypt (32%) expect the business conditions to get worse. Overall in MENA, 38% residents believe that there are few jobs available across few industries, while 25% state that there are few jobs available across various industries. 29% of respondents expect the number of jobs available in the next 6 months to decrease and 26% expect it to increase, while 29% expect it to remain the same.

Summary- Current Job 44% of respondents state that the number of employees in their company has decreased in comparison to 6 months ago, while 19% believe that it has increased. Relatively higher proportion of GCC residents (except Saudi), particularly in Kuwait (32%) claim that this number has increased as compared to other countries like Jordan (15%), Tunisia (10%) and Sudan (16%). 31% of respondents expect the number of employees in their company to decrease in the next 6 months, while 27% expect the opposite. GCC residents (except for Saudi) are more optimistic, particularly in Bahrain (50%), Qatar (42%) and UAE (41%) in comparison to other countries like Jordan (18%), Tunisia (10%), Sudan (16%) and Libya (17%) Generally, respondents are satisfied with the non-monetary benefits (41%), work-life balance (39%), (44%), job security (38%) and career growth(375). However, over half the respondents are dissatisfied with their current compensation (54%). Respondents expect their job attributes to improve over the next 6 months, especially with regards to career growth (29%) and training and professional development (26%).

Section 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Sample Definition Age and Gender: Adult males and females Aged 18+ years Nationalities: GCC Arabs, North Africans, Levant, Western Expats and Asians Country of Residence GCC: KSA, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman Levant: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq North Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan, Libya Data Collection All data was collected online Fieldwork was conducted between 29 th July to 27 th August 2018. The total number of respondents achieved was 3078

Section 4 INDICES

Average of Past Indices: April 2007 October 2012 UAE KSA Kuwait Qatar Lebanon Egypt Algeria Consumer Expectancy Index (CEI) 88.5 89.4 90.7 91.9 103.7 98.2 92.0 Propensity to Consume (PCI) 86.7 83.0 81.4 81.6 109.3 81.0 81.2 Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) 85.0 85.8 86.9 86.9 107.1 89.3 89.6 Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 80.3 84.3 84.5 84.8 99.5 89.1 89.1

Base Period Values March 2013 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 16379 2730 1976 457 509 120 220 506 252 1700 7784 1002 992 431 Current Economic Scenario 81.14 112.91 114.07 102.52 117.49 92.08 115.45 77.15 24.01 51.21 56.35 83.73 111.14 66.36 Expected Economic Scenario 89.19 103.71 112.90 185.74 116.11 101.11 111.36 67.33 43.39 66.41 77.27 93.31 98.49 88.55 Employee Outlook 115.50 131.06 128.61 122.90 140.93 122.96 140.61 101.43 69.21 97.40 102.88 146.26 123.41 111.53 Overall Consumer Confidence 285.83 347.69 355.58 330.16 374.52 316.15 367.43 222.90 136.60 215.02 236.50 290.31 333.04 266.44

Period Values September 2013 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 6585 1097 717 151 183 78 141 210 145 669 1871 426 1465 252 Current Economic Scenario 88.47 110.16 110.74 103.14 6 122.40 110.90 123.05 57.86 31.72 77.04 73.81 92.37 111.78 62.70 Expected Economic Scenario 141.50 149.92 157.51 153.20 159.38 138.46 156.97 116.67 97.24 120.78 141.71 142.41 142.79 126.46 Employee Outlook 117.90 126.96 128.49 127.50 142.29 116.80 144.55 96.10 65.12 97.50 146.03 119.04 123.03 146.07 Overall Consumer Confidence 347.87 387.04 396.74 384.34 424.08 366.16 424.57 270.63 194.08 272.31 328.77 353.82 377.60 302.22

Period Values February 2014 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 6585 1097 717 151 183 78 141 210 145 669 1871 426 1465 252 Current Economic Scenario 83.72 185.49 116.52 94.86 115.22 97.22 131.36 44.55 51.61 43.31 68.88 78.88 94.89 83.99 Expected Economic Scenario 137.21 185.12 158.60 185.03 153.62 135.19 161.52 112.32 103.94 114.55 133.39 134.22 135.31 140.38 Employee Outlook 146.02 124.65 138.77 129.00 139.35 107.50 139.29 89.27 63.02 89.22 99.96 107.49 117.09 118.17 Overall Consumer Confidence 333.95 376.27 413.66 370.89 408.19 339.91 432.16 246.14 218.58 247.09 302.23 320.59 347.29 342.77

Period Values August 2014 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 5075 1090 847 187 230 69 65 158 63 377 1013 330 505 141 Current Economic Scenario 95.06 109.86 146.16 102.14 121.30 105.07 119.23 59.18 52.38 62.47 78.04 87.27 103.27 61.35 Expected Economic Scenario 142.26 185.92 152.89 185.06 156.23 135.27 153.33 111.18 146.76 124.31 140.80 135.45 140.92 130.50 Employee Outlook 120.16 129.41 133.87 120.61 140.94 119.146 131.73 101.33 75.60 100.96 185.57 106.40 119.34 103.17 Overall Consumer Confidence 357.49 387.19 399.93 369.81 418.47 359.98 404.29 271.69 241.73 287.74 323.40 329.12 363.53 295.01

Period Values January 2015 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 4263 819 495 135 131 94 107 189 77 234 1061 298 501 145 Current Economic Scenario 88.63 103.11 109.80 86.67 114.50 97.34 108.41 61.38 25.93 146.96 84.21 98.15 71.26 62.76 Expected Economic Scenario 136.12 141.27 152.39 139.01 148.85 134.75 138.32 111.82 97.53 122.22 137.04 138.14 125.22 131.95 Employee Outlook 146.94 123.14 131.78 106.63 134.77 119.02 124.43 98.43 66.89 101.46 101.93 112.75 108.63 110.00 Overall Consumer Confidence 338.70 367.53 393.97 332.31 397.89 351.11 371.15 271.62 190.35 288.63 323.18 349.05 305.11 304.71

Period Values July 2015 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 8882 1748 1011 2146 255 114 144 231 63 703 2118 733 1465 363 Current Economic Scenario 93.01 111.04 114.94 102.84 114.71 99.12 118.75 46.75 34.13 69.35 90.30 91.68 80.22 77.68 Expected Economic Scenario 140.73 185.10 156.81 150.13 156.73 142.11 150.69 109.38 185.23 126.03 144.13 139.15 127.37 122.68 Employee Outlook 114.90 127.13 136.19 122.94 136.83 109.29 136.69 81.08 71.32 86.91 185.39 111.62 105.70 93.04 Overall Consumer Confidence 348.65 385.27 407.94 375.90 408.27 350.52 406.13 237.21 209.68 282.29 338.82 342.45 313.29 270.40

Period Values January 2016 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 3,905 660 629 2146 161 1146 168 175 24 176 585 302 486 111 Current Economic Scenario 76.12 83.33 95.79 79.92 90.06 61.59 81.55 50.86 52.08 55.11 76.41 81.79 56.89 51.35 Expected Economic Scenario 130.03 139.39 137.78 129.92 137.68 120.73 131.55 108.38 100.00 119.32 131.28 136.42 116.39 124.32 Employee Outlook 100.52 107.08 115.23 95.98 111.90 93.75 101.95 84.65 63.19 78.65 95.44 98.67 87.45 96.31 Overall Consumer Confidence 306.67 329.81 348.80 305.83 339.14 6 276.07 315.04 243.88 215.28 253.08 303.13 316.88 260.73 271.98

Period Values August 2016 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140 Current Economic Scenario 72.05 81.33 100.90 82.35 100.00 80.00 87.04 69.47 34.78 58.18 47.70 87.55 62.89 49.146 Expected Economic Scenario 128.85 134.97 145.04 132.77 139.71 139.17 136.11 146.33 97.10 121.82 117.55 140.82 123.15 116.67 Employee Outlook 96.87 94.59 125.28 102.13 106.65 109.78 111.23 82.50 69.53 85.16 83.23 185.66 90.43 91.07 Overall Consumer Confidence 297.77 310.88 371.22 317.25 346.36 328.95 334.38 265.31 201.42 265.16 248.48 333.03 276.47 257.38

Period Values January 2017 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 4,224 865 341 185 185 77 146 146 146 573 226 391 71 Current Economic Scenario 74.96 79.46 106.25 185.33 116.33 108.33 90.63 72.66 51.03 42.93 87.61 67.26 146.79 Expected Economic Scenario 129.43 130.99 148.81 143.91 185.85 146.30 125.52 139.06 120.32 115.42 131.56 122.34 133.80 Employee Outlook 101.77 91.03 125.97 122.67 121.19 125.87 118.75 111.49 88.02 84.57 109.80 102.89 96.63 Overall Consumer Confidence 305.93 301.47 381.03 370.91 385.36 380.50 334.90 323.21 259.36 242.91 328.98 292.49 295.23

Last Period Values August 2017 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Base: 4224 865 349 185 125 77 146 146 305 870 309 317 Current Economic Scenario 71.79 73.87 98.14 98.65 110.00 103.25 100.00 63.70 77.75 77.48 77.02 71.14 Expected Economic Scenario 128.29 127.78 145.75 148.29 148.80 150.22 143.66 122.60 120.87 120.84 128.37 123.24 Employee Outlook 96.98 84.46 119.16 115.60 129.43 125.69 118.97 85.53 83.76 86.90 111.63 100.59 Overall Jobseeker Confidence 297.06 286.12 363.05 362.77 388.23 379.16 362.63 271.83 259.39 262.22 317.03 294.96

Current Period Values February 2018 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 4801 879 283 244 297 70 164 249 53 326 986 320 328 86 Current Economic Scenario 99.54 97.48 102.19 103.53 102.21 96.94 105.02 87.74 71.52 81.18 97.38 93.21 89.68 60.79 Expected Economic Scenario 100.77 104.05 119.94 122.51 118.63 160.55 129.62 112.47 142.72 105.74 103.51 111.49 108.92 145.97 Employee Outlook 100.10 97.42 113.30 112.11 110.84 134.60 119.08 98.54 126.02 85.18 99.89 113.87 98.20 137.98 Overall Jobseeker Confidence 300.41 298.94 335.42 338.14 331.68 392.09 353.72 298.75 340.26 272.10 300.79 318.58 296.81 344.74

Current Period Values September 2018 Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Base: 3078 567 289 127 161 41 43 141 43 252 702 112 235 43 Current Economic Scenario 99.00 96.14 100.60 102.79 101.16 97.02 118.93 63.78 13.45 78.11 93.35 83.66 86.96-18.97 Expected Economic Scenario 100.86 105.81 117.44 137.20 127.65 203.11 229.80 109.05 166.71 106.30 102.52 127.90 109.60 139.66 Employee Outlook 99.70 96.61 108.30 118.39 113.12 158.33 161.23 89.91 101.72 85.36 96.59 119.53 99.11 55.55 Overall Jobseeker Confidence 299.56 298.56 326.34 358.37 341.93 458.47 509.96 262.74 281.88 269.77 292.47 331.09 295.67 176.24

Overall Indices Total KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia Current Economic Scenario (CES) 122.01 85.15 88.19 100.26 86.10 105.37 103.01 117.79 56.04 152.54 165.68 99.91 78.25-28.58 Expected Economic Scenario (EES) 113.09 102.02 104.02 130.99 109.94 200.88 206.35 161.97 384.24 160.06 132.68 137.07 111.28 157.71 Employee Outlook (ECI) 86.32 73.72 84.21 96.33 80.27 128.77 114.67 88.65 146.98 87.64 93.89 105.54 80.31 49.81 Overall Jobseeker Confidence (JCI) 104.80 85.87 91.78 108.55 91.30 145.01 138.79 117.87 206.35 125.47 123.67 114.05 88.78 66.15

Section 5 DEMOGRAPHICS

Respondent Profile 1/4 Personal Country of residence 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 11 23 Egypt UAE Saudi Arabia Jordan 5 5 Algeria Qatar Kuwait Sudan Lebanon Morocco 6 18 Iraq Tunisia Syria Oman Age Groups 8 8 9 Libya Palestine Bahrain 25 9 17 25 18 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40+ 24 Base: Total (3078)

Respondent Profile 2/4 Personal Marital Status 2 1 40 Single Married 58 Divorced Separated/Widowed 9 No. of children 6 16 None Base: Total (3078) One Two 19 22 Three Four More than four 28 Base: Those Married/Divorced/Separated (1854)

Respondent Profile 3/4 Professional Work Status 7 Working full time 16 Working part time (8 to 29 hrs/wk) Working part time (< 8 hrs/ wk) 2 1 2 2 5 65 Full-time student Retired Full-time homemaker Unemployed Other 4 1 5 Sector Private sector Multinational company Private sector Local company Base: Total (3078) 16 34 Private sector Self-owned/ family-owned company Public or government sector 4 Semi-government/Quasigovernmental company Charity or voluntary sector 36 Other Base: Those employed (2219)

Respondent Profile 4/4 Professional Seniority 7 10 Senior Management 11 Middle Management Junior Manager/ Team leader 21 33 Employed Professional Doctor / Lawyer/ Architect, etc. Executive with no managerial responsibilities Clerical Income Group 18 17 9 17 Under US$ 200 per month US$ 200-500 per month US$ 501-1,000 per month 9 18 US$ 1,001-2,000 per month US$ 2,001-3,000 per month 16 15 US$ 3,001 or more Don t know/ Can t say Base: Those employed (2219)

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