Unit III: Rome
Days 1: Introduction to Rome Essential Questions: What is classical and what are the inherent biases and differences in the concept of Eastern vs. Western? How did belief systems change and develop from ancient times? How did human beings continue to organize themselves in a more complex manner and what made certain empires rise and fall? Why did empires develop in similar ways despite geographic isolation? Objective: Be able to evaluate geography and analyze secondary source material in order to list and describe the development of early Rome.
Warm Up: What do you know about Rome? How has the modern world been impacted by this civilization? Brainstorm!
Closer: Rome and the U.S. What comparisons can you make between the United States and Rome?
Day 2: Roman Republic Objective: Be able to list and explain the different functions of the Roman Republic Be able to compare these systems to the modern day United States.
ORIGINS OF ROME TO THE EARLY REPUBLIC
THE ORIGINS OF ROME Earliest people began to settle the Italian Peninsula from 1,000 B.C. 500 B.C. Latins Greeks Etruscans 1. 2. 3. Latins built original settlement of Rome on top of Palatine Hill Latins considered to be the first Romans City: strategic location Built on top of seven rolling hills Near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea
THE ORIGINS OF ROME According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus & Remus in 753 B.C. Twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin princess Abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf Legend states the twins decided to build a city on the Tiber River
EARLY CONTACT WITH THE GREEKS Between 750-600 B.C., Greeks established colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily Cities became prosperous & commercially active Trade allowed close contact between Rome and Greek civilization
ETRUSCAN INFLUENCE In 600 B.C., an Etruscan becomes king of Rome In 600 B.C., an Etruscan becomes king of Rome Skilled metalworkers and engineers Etruscan Influence System of writing Romans adopted alphabet Architecture development of the arch Rome grows from a collection of hilltop villages to a city that spans 500 square miles
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REPUBLIC In 509 B.C., Tarquin the Proud, last king of Rome is driven from power Established a republic Republic=govt in which citizens have the right to vote for their leaders Citizens=free born males
Patricians ROMAN REPUBLIC wealthy landowners who held the most power Inherited power and social status Claimed ancestry gave them authority to make laws for Rome Plebeians Common artisans, farmers & merchants who made up majority of population Barred by law from holding important govt positions Tribunes Over time, plebeians were allowed to form own assembly Elected representatives to protect their rights
REPUBLIC = EXECUTIVE BRANCH Executive Branch Two consuls Elected by the Centuriate Assembly Commanded the army Directed the govt Term: 1 year long, could not be elected again for 10 years Veto decision of opposing consul
Senate REPUBLIC = LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Aristocratic branch 300 patrician members Chosen for life Advised consuls Controlled foreign & financial policies Centuriate Assembly Citizen-soldiers = members for life Selected consuls Made laws Tribal Assembly Citizen groups according to where they lived Elected tribunes Served for life and made laws
REPUBLIC = JUDICIAL BRANCH Praetors Eight judges selected by Centuriate Assembly Served for one year 2 judges oversee criminal & civil courts 6 judges govern provinces Twelve Tables Created in 451 B.C. Laws were carved on 12 tablets and held in the Forum Established idea that all free citizens had right to protection under the law
ROMAN ARMY Landowners=required to serve in the army Certain public offices-required 10 years service Legions-large military units Infantry = 5,000 foot soldiers Cavalry = supported each legion Century-smaller groups of 80 men
ROME CONQUERS ITALY By 4th century B.C. Romans dominated central Italy By 265 B.C. defeated Etruscans to the north and Greek city-states to the south Treatment of conquered people Close proximity to Rome = full citizenship Territories further away = citizenship except right to vote Conquered groups = allies of Rome Freedom if provided soldiers for Roman army Did not make treaties with other civilizations
Day 3: The Punic Wars Objective: Be able to analyze geography and apply map skills in order to understand military campaigns. Be able to describe the major battles and effects of the Punic Wars through class discussion and the completing of an annotated map. Be able to make inferences and make predictions on Rome based on the activity.
Warm Up: Analyzing Rome s geography, what territory might pose a threat to Rome s control of the Mediterranean Sea? Why?
Closer: Make a prediction What will bring Rome to its peak power? What sort of things will lead to Rome s fall?
Day 4: Collapse of the Roman Republic and Formation of Empire Objective: Be able to list and identify the events that led to the collapse of the Roman republic and rise of the Roman empire. Warm Up: Hypothetical Discussion - Collapse of the U.S.
Warm Up: The Collapse of the Republic What do you think would have to happen for the United States government/democracy to collapse? What circumstances/events? What would happen as a result? What would the U.S. look like?
Closer: Can power in the hands of the few ever be a good thing? Why or why not?
Day 5: Take a Stand: Evaluating Leaders Objective: Be able to evaluate Julius Caesar and Augustus as a leader through primary and secondary source analysis as well as class debate and individual discussion. Be able to articulate and defend opinions through a four corners activity and debate. Warm Up (If Needed): Go over Roman Republic Timeline Activity: Take a Stand Evaluating Leadership Using HW: Complete Caesar Graphic Organizer http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetguid=19c736fe-df14-4503-ab77-5098e 9A54A78&layout=standalone Discussion Using Stations: Complete Augustus Graphic Organizer Four Corners Activity https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/c0b7a622-a4c2-4792-b4fb-9c9dacc50f f8?haslocalhost=true Closer: Making a prediction
Take a Stand Activity was the most effective leader regarding military campaigns/conquests. s social policies positively impacted Roman civilization the most. was a power hungry ruler who manipulated the political system for his own benefit. was the overall better leader of Rome
Closer: Make a prediction: What will cause the Roman Empire to fall?
Day 6: The Fall of Rome Objectives: Be able to apply and demonstrate knowledge on the fall of Rome