1
2 Footnotes 1 Unless otherwise noted, all data on Pioneering Public Servants is courtesy of the Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University. 2 Kane, Joseph. Famous First Facts. New York: Wilson Co, 1997. 3 See: Women in National Parliaments, Inter-Parliamentary Union. www. ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm. 4 C.S. Rosenthal. When Women Lead: Integrative Leadership in State Legislatures. 5 Ideas for Change at Schools: New Schools Board Chair takes her proposals to the airwaves. The Philadelphia Inquirer. Aug. 20, 2007. 6 The Impact of Women in Public Office. Ed. Susan Carroll, 2001. Glendon Schubert. Sexual Politics and Political Feminism. FAI Press, 1991. See also: Robert Shapiro and H. Mahajan. Gender Differences in Policy Preferences: A Summary of Trends from the 1960s to the 1980s. Public Opinion Quarterly. Pg. 42-61. 7 Rhode, Deborah. Women and Leadership: The State of Play. Women and Leadership. Ed. Barbara Kellerman and Deborah Rhode. See also: Sue Thomas. How Women Legislate. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pg. 92; Susan Caroll. The Impact of Women in Public Office: An Overview. Indiana University Press, 2001. Pg. 5; Julie Dolan. Support for Women s Interests in the 103 rd Congress: the Distinct Impact of Congressional Women. Women and Politics. 1997. Pg. 81. 8 Rhode, Deborah. The Difference Difference Makes: Women and Leadership. Stanford Law and Politics, 2002. 9 Rutgers University. 2001. 10 Los Angeles Times. Senate Advances Paid Family Leave Bill. http:// articles.latimes.com/2002/jun/11/local/me-legis11. 11 NIH had an informal policy in place beginning in 1986 to try and include women, which failed to do so effectively (see New York Times, NIH Neglects Women, Study Says in 1990.) In 1992, NIH created the Women s Health Initiative Program Advisory Committee (Federal Register, 1992 Aug 24;57 (184): 38312). 12 National School Boards Association. School Boards at the Dawn of the 21 st 13 Rutgers University. Fact Sheet: Women in Elective Office 2013. 2013 14 National Association of Women Judges. 2012. 15 16 17 18 60
61 19 Rutgers University. Fact Sheet: Women in Elective Office 2010. 2010. 20 21 One woman has served as chair of the Republican National Committee Mary Louise Smith. Two women have served in that role at the Democratic National Committee Jean Westwood and Debra DeLee. 22 Rutgers University. Fact Sheet: Women of Color in Elective Office 2013. 2013. 23 Roster of U.S. Members of Congress. http://www.house.gov/house/ MemNameSearch.shtml See also: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University. 24 U.S. Government Census of Governments, 1992. Vol. 2. Popularly Elected Officials. 25 National League of Cities. Serving on City Council: America s City Councils in Profile. 2013. 26 27 National Conference of State Legislatures. NCSL Backgrounder: Full and Part Time Legislatures. 28 City of Murphy Website, Boards and Commissions. http://www.murphytx. org/cityhall/bandc.asp 29 California Board and Commission Appointees http://gov.ca.gov/ appointments/list; Alaska Boards and Commissions Portal http://gov.state. ak.us/boards/; Arizona Office of Boards and Commissions http://www. azgovernor.gov/bc/; Iowa State Commissions and Boards Desk http://www. iowai.net/iowa/governor/boards/; Vermont Boards and Commissions http:// governor.vermont.gov/boards/vermont-boards.shtml 30 Polk County Democratic Central Committee Bylaws. http://www. polkcountydemocrats.org/ht/d/sp/i/318505/pid/318505 31 Republican Central Committee of Carroll County, Maryland. http://www. ccgop.net/cc.shtml 32 33 National Conference of State Legislatures. 34 Senator Barbara Mikulski, Official Biography on her U.S. Senate website. http://mikulski.senate.gov/about/biography/index.cfm 35 Wise Women. State Legislatures Magazine. July/August 2005. Pg. 22-26. 36 Richard Fox and Jennifer Lawless. It Takes a Candidate. Pg. 132. 37 San Francisco Examiner. Why Women Hesitate to Become Candidates. Dec. 15, 1994. Cites research and polling by the National Women s Political Caucus. 38 3
39 National Institute on Money in State Politics. State Elections Overview: 2006. Published March 2008. 40 National Study of Confidence in Leadership. 2005. Center for Public Leadership, Harvard s Kennedy School of Government. See also a 2000 Gallup poll in which 57% of people surveyed said we would be governed better if more women served in public office. 41 CBS News Poll, February 2006. Cited in Marie Wilson, It s Woman Time. Women and Leadership, ed. Barbara Kellerman and Deborah Rhode. 42 David Campbell and Christina Wolbrecht. See Jane Run: Women Politicans as Role Models for Adolescents. Journal of Politics. 2006: 233-247. 43 Richard Fox and Jennifer Lawless. It Takes a Candidate. Pg. 123. 44 U.S. Census, Voting and Registration Data. Table A-1, Reported Voting and Registration by Race, Hispanic Origin, Sex, and Age Groups: November 1964 to 2006. 45 Kunin, Madeleine. Pearls, Politics and Power. Pg. 33. 46 Mom s in the House, with Kids at Home. http://www.washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/18/ar2007071802167_4.html 47 Kunin, Madeleine. Pearls, Politics and Power. Pg. 106. 48 Rutgers University. 49 New York Times. Sensible Health Reform, for Now. March 28, 1996. 50 Gwen Moore for Congress. Issues: Women s and Families. http://www. gwenmooreforcongress.com/issues_details.asp?id=16 51 Madeleine Kunin. Pearls, Politics and Power. Pg. 99. 52 Speaker, Doer and Symbol in Top City Council Job. New York Times. Jan. 4, 2006. 53 Violence Against Women Act 1998. http://endabuse.org/programs/ printable/display.php3?docid=100020 54 National Conference of State Legislatures, 2005. 55 Kamala Harris. MORE Magazine. 2008. 56 National Conference of State Legislatures. Legislator Compensation 2008. 57 National League of Cities. 58 59 Texas House of Representatives. http://www.house.state.tx.us/resources/ faq.htm#how_leg See also: National Conference of State Legislatures. NCSL Backgrounder: Part and Full Time Legislatures. 60 U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. http://www.bls.gov/oco/ ocos272.htm#earnings.2010. 4
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