Survey period October 8-24 th 2018 Jl. Cikini V No. 15A, Menteng Jakarta Pusat Telp: (021) 31927996/98, Fax: (021) 3143867 Website: www.lsi.or.id, Email: info@lsi.or.id
Introduction The National Strategy for Corruption Prevention (Stranas PK) has been announced. Based on Presidential Regulation No. 54 of 2018 signed by President Joko Widodo on July 20, 2018, the National Strategy for PK is intended to strengthen the government's efforts to prevent corruption from upstream and have a broad impact on public life. In the National Strategy Committee, there are three focuses of synergy in the context of preventing corruption, namely licensing and trade systems, state finance, and law enforcement and bureaucratic reform. Although the National Strategy for the PK was only announced, efforts to eradicate corruption have been going on since the beginning of the reform. Therefore, it becomes a question about the extent to which corruption eradication performance is known and evaluated by the public in general. Then, how do people assess the performance of various institutions, especially the KPK, in combating corruption. Furthermore, how is the attitude of society towards corruption and how community participation in eradicating, or vice versa, contributes to corruption. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 2
Introduction To be able to answer these questions, a public opinion survey on anti-corruption was carried out. The survey can be one measure of the success of eradicating corruption in Indonesia according to the general public. In addition, surveys have been conducted for three consecutive years, namely 2016, 2017 and 2018 so that the trend of public opinion on anti-corruption is obtained. Because the population of this survey is the general public, the type of corruption that is asked more about experience is petty corruption. In the Stranas PK, the experience of corruption is related to law enforcement and bureaucratic reform. The results of this survey are used as one of the ingredients to make a more effective anti-corruption strategy for the wider community. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 3
Method The population of this survey was all Indonesian citizens who were 19 years older when the survey was conducted. The number of samples were 2.000 respondents, with multi-stage random sampling method, and margin of error (MoE) of ± 2.2% - assuming simple random sampling - at 95 percent confidence level. Additional 380 respondents (over sample) were randomly selected in each of six provinces namely Aceh, North Sumatera, Riau, Banten, East Java, and North Maluku. The margin of error of this oversampled provinces were predicted ±5.1% at 95% confidence level. Selected respondents were interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers, one interviewer for one village which consists of 10 respondents. Quality control of interview result was done randomly to 20% from total samples by supervisor by re-checking the selected respondents (spot check), to 10% from total enumerators in 80 PSU by supervised the interview process, and to 10% of total samples by called them back. In these quality control, no significant error found. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 4
Note In this report, trend data will be displayed from the results of the 2016 and 2017 surveys. Both of these results were obtained from surveys conducted by institutions other than LSI, namely CSIS (2016) and Polling Center (2017). This presentation will cover the result of the national survey and its trends, and not yet cover the oversample data. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 5
Flow chart of sample selection Prov 1 Vil 1 Vil n Prov k Vil 1 Vil m Population of villages (Desa/Kelurahan) in the national level Villages in the province were randomly and proportionally selected RT1 RT2 RT3. RT5 5 neighborhoods (RT) were randomly selected from each village HH1 HH2 2 households (KK) were randomly selected from each neighborhoods Male Female 1 respondent was randomly selected from each household, male or female 6
Sample Validation
Comparison of Demographic Profile of LSI Sample and Population from BPS Category Sample Population Category Sample Population GENDER ETHNICITY Male 50,1 50,1 Java 41,5 40,2 Female 49,9 49,9 Sunda 16,2 15,5 RURAL-URBAN Betawi 3,2 2,9 Rural 49,5 50,2 Minang 2,9 2,7 Urban 50,5 49,8 Bugis 3,0 2,7 RELIGION Madura 3,2 3,0 Islam 89,1 87,5 Batak 3,4 3,6 Protestan/Katolik 9,1 9,9 Other 26,6 29,4 Other 1,8 2,6 National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 8
Comparison of Demographic Profile of LSI Sample and Population from BPS CATEGORY SAMPLE POPULATION CATEGORY SAMPLE POPULATION PROVINSI PROVINSI Aceh 2,0 1,9 NTB 2,0 1,9 North Sumatera 5,5 5,5 NTT 2,0 2,0 West Sumatera 2,0 2,0 West Kalimantan 2,0 1,8 Riau 2,0 2,3 Central Kalimantan 1,0 0,9 Jambi 1,5 1,3 South Kalimantan 1,5 1,5 South Sumatera 3,0 3,1 East Kalimantan 1,5 1,3 Bengkulu 0,5 0,7 North Sulawesi 1,0 1,0 Lampung 3,0 3,2 Central Sulawesi 1,0 1,1 Bangka Belitung 0,5 0,5 South Sulawesi 3,5 3,4 Riau Islands 0,5 0,7 South East Sulawesi 1,0 0,9 DKI Jakarta 4,0 4,0 Gorontalo 0,5 0,4 West Java 18,0 18,1 West Sulawesi 0,5 0,5 Central Java 13,5 13,6 Maluku 0,5 0,6 DI Yogyakarta 1,5 1,5 North Maluku 0,5 0,4 East Java 16,5 15,8 Papua 1,0 1,2 Banten 4,0 4,5 West Papua 0,5 0,3 Bali 1,5 1,6 North Kalimantan 0,5 0,2 National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 9
EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE
Government Performance V_11. In the past year, how is the performance of government of President Jokowi in working to overcome the following problems now compared to last year.? (%) Better No change Worse DK/NA Build public roads Make the health service in the puskesmas / hospital affordable for the general public Build a power plant 72 66 59 23 20 23 5 6 6 14 3 4 Building toll roads outside Java 57 13 3 27 Build trans / cross roads between provinces outside Java 57 14 3 26 Making schools and colleges affordable for citizens 52 26 7 14 Providing public transportation facilities 52 31 9 9 Responding to public complaints regarding public services 50 26 8 17 Uphold the law against perpetrators of corruption 44 25 16 15 Prevent corruption 43 25 18 14 Making prices for basic necessities to be affordable to the general public 34 35 29 2 Providing employment 28 37 27 7 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 Government performance is considered very good in infrastructure and services to the community. However, in preventing corruption and enforcing the law against perpetrators of corruption still need to be improved. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 11
Findings Government performance is considered very good in infrastructure and services to the community. However, in preventing corruption and enforcing the law against perpetrators of corruption still need to be improved. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 12
PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION LEVELS
Corruption Rate in the Last Two Years V_32. In the past two years, how do you think the level of corruption in Indonesia today, whether it increases, decreases, or does not change?... (%) Increasing Decreasing Not change DK/NA 100 80 60 52 40 20 21 24 3 0 Increasing Decreasing Not change DK/NA The majority of respondents rate the level of corruption increases. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 14
Trends in Corruption Rate V_32. In the past two years, how do you think the level of corruption in Indonesia today, whether it increases, decreases, or does not change?... (%) 100 80 70 DK/NA 60 55 52 Not change 40 20 0 32 24 18 21 11 13 1 3 0 Tahun 2016 Tahun 2017 Tahun 2018 Decreasing Increasing The majority of respondents rate the level of corruption increases. But compared to the corruption trend in the past two years, the perception of corruption has declined. On the contrary, citizens who assessed the level of corruption declined or did not experience more changes. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 15
Knowledge of the Steps to Eradicate Corruption and Its Effectiveness in Various Institutions V_68. Do you know that the following institutions are taking steps to eradicate corruption? If yes, has the activity been effective?... (%) Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) President Police Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) attorney General's Office Court Local government Supreme Court Mass media House of Representatives (DPR) / Regional People's Representative Ministry / institution Financial Supervisory Agency and BPKP Development Non-Governmental Organizations / Community Organizations KPU political parties NU MUI BAWASLU Muhammadiyah Republic of Indonesia Ombudsman (ORI) Private companies AWARE 40 36 36 36 32 32 32 30 27 26 24 23 23 22 22 20 17 17 45 45 57 54 58 76 66 70 66 68 63 71 68 64 66 68 68 70 67 70 67 65 81 85 0 25 50 75 100 Effective (from them who AWARE) The KPK is most widely known (81%) as institutions that carry out corruption eradication measures and considered the most effective in doing so (85%) of those who know it. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 16
Findings The majority of citizens consider the level of corruption to increase. But compared to the corruption trend in the past two years, the perception of corruption has declined. On the contrary, citizens who assessed the level of corruption declined or did not experience more changes. The KPK is the most widely known (81%) as institutions that carry out corruption eradication measures and most are considered effective in doing so (85%) of those who know it. Other institutions have begun to find out their efforts to tackle corruption even though there are not yet very many people who know. Knowledge and assessment of citizens towards KPK's corruption eradication steps and various institutions that are beginning to be felt contribute to a decrease in the level of corruption perceived by citizens. Rilis Tren Persepsi Korupsi 10 Des '18 17
UNDERSTANDING AND PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION ERADICATION ACTIVITIES BY GOVERNMENT
Perception Trend on the Seriousness of the Central Government Against Corruption V_66A. In your opinion, is Central Government serious enough to fight corruption?... (%) DK/NA Not serious + Very not serious Very serious + Serious 100 80 60 68 69 40 20 0 24 19 8 12 2017 2018 The majority of citizens consider the central government serious / very serious against corruption, relatively the same as last year. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 19
The Government's Seriousness Against Corruption V_66A-V_66C. In your opinion, is. Government serious enough to fight corruption?...(%) Very serious + Serious Not serious + Very not serious DK/NA Central 69 19 12 Provincial 63 20 17 District/Municipality 62 20 18 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 The Central Government is at most assessed Serious / very serious (69%) in fighting corruption, only then the provincial government (63%), and the District / City Government (62%). National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 20
Spread of Practice of Corruption and Bribery in Government V_27. According to you, how widespread is the practice of corruption and bribery spread in the government...? "There is no / almost no one who is corrupt or accepts bribes", "There are a small number local government officials who are corrupt or accept bribes", "There are lots of local officials who commit corruption or accept bribes", or "All / almost all local government officials are corrupt or accept bribes?...(%) 50 40 30 20 10 4 10 15 38 34 34 29 28 25 23 35 24 18 8 7 14 6 5 3 3 22 27 28 32 29 0 There is no / almost no one who is corrupt or accepts bribes There are a small number of employees / local government officials who are corrupt or accept bribes There are lots of local officials who commit corruption or accept bribes All / almost all local government officials are corrupt or accept bribes DK/NA Central Province District Sub-district Kelurahan/village The practice of corruption is assessed more broadly at higher levels of government. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 21
Findings The majority of citizens consider the central government serious / very serious against corruption, relatively the same as last year. The Central Government is at most assessed Serious / very serious (69%) in fighting corruption, only then the provincial government (63%), and the District / City Government (62%). The practice of corruption is valued more broadly at higher levels of government. On the contrary, the closer the level of government to citizens, the more judged to be cleaner than corruption. This shows that corruption is considered a practice that is far from the citizens, only at the center. Rilis Tren Persepsi Korupsi 10 Des '18 22
CORRUPTION AS EXPERIENCED AND UNDERSTOOD BY PEOPLE
Opinion about Bribery and Gratification V_30. In your opinion, is it normal or unnatural for Indonesian people to give something like: money, goods, entertainment, gifts outside the requirement/rules to expedite the process or as a form of gratitude when dealing with government agencies?... (%) 100 Acceptable Unacceptable DK/NA 80 60 63 40 34 20 0 Acceptable Unacceptable DK/NA 3 Mayoritas warga, 63%, menilai pemberian uang atau hadiah ketika berhubungan dengan instansi pemerintah adalah tindakan yang tidak wajar. Yang menjawab wajar 34%, dan tidak tahu 3%. Dibanding tahun lalu toleransi terhadap suap dan gratifikasi cenderung naik. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 24
Trends in Opinion about Bribery and Gratification V_30. In your opinion, is it normal or unnatural for Indonesian people to give something like: money, goods, entertainment, gifts outside the requirement/rules to expedite the process or as a form of gratitude when dealing with government agencies?... (%) 100 Acceptable Unacceptable DK/NA 80 60 69 69 63 40 20 30 26 34 0 1 5 3 2016 2017 2018 Mayoritas warga, 63%, menilai pemberian uang atau hadiah ketika berhubungan dengan instansi pemerintah adalah tindakan yang tidak wajar. Yang menjawab wajar 34%, dan tidak tahu 3%. Dibanding tahun lalu toleransi terhadap suap dan gratifikasi cenderung naik. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 25
Trends in Opinion about Collusion V_31. What is your opinion about the use of personal relationships (through acquaintances or family) to expedite the process of managing an interest? It is... (%) 100 80 2016 60 40 51 43 43 30 30 2017 20 0 12 8 12 11 13 A crime Unethical Actions that need to be done to expedite the process 9 20 5 6 6 0 0 1 Normal Others DK/RA 2018 The majority of citizens, 55%, argue that collusion is a negative act (12% crime + 43% unethical). While around 39% of citizens considered collusion was not a negative action (9% of actions that needed to be done + 30% were normal). National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 26
Witness of Corruption Practices V_28. Are you or someone you know personally, have witnessed the practice of corruption or bribery by a government employee or state official for the past year? (%) 100 80 75 60 40 20 0 4 6 Yes, I have witnessed it myself I have never seen it myself, but someone I know personally witnessed it I and someone I know personally have never witnessed it 2 Don't understand the question 12 Do not know 1 Refuse to answer The majority of respondents (75%) claimed themselves and those who were known personally no one had witnessed the practice of corruption or bribery by a government employee or state apparatus in the past year. About 4% claimed to have witnessed it themselves, and 6% said that other people he knew had witnessed corrupt practices. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 27
cont d: Witness of Corruption Practices V_29. If YES: Do you personally witness or you were told by family members or close friends who personally witness it. (answers can be more than one) Base: Respondent who answers YES 100 80 60 40 40 25 36 20 0 1 6 2 Witness it myself Told by family member who witness it Told by friends who witness it Do not understand the question Don t know Refuse to answer Of the total 10% of citizens who know there is corruption, 40% of them witness themselves, 25% are told by family members, and 36% are told by friends. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 28
Findings The majority of citizens, 63%, consider giving money or gifts when dealing with government agencies is an unnatural act. The answer is 34% reasonable, and does not know 3%. Compared to last year, tolerance for bribery and gratification tended to rise. The majority of citizens, 55%, argue that collusion is a negative act (12% crime + 43% unethical). While around 39% of citizens considered collusion was not a negative action (9% of actions that needed to be done + 30% were normal). The majority of respondents (75%) claimed themselves and those who were known personally no one had witnessed the practice of corruption or bribery by a government employee or state apparatus in the past year. About 4% claimed to have witnessed it themselves, and 6% said that other people he knew had witnessed corrupt practices. Of the total 10% of citizens who know there is corruption, 40% of them witness themselves, 25% are told by family members, and 36% are told by friends National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 29
Citizen Interaction with Government Employees and the Probability of Extortion and Gratification
Citizen Interaction with Government Employees and the Probability of Extortion and Gratification V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) To obtain health services 5 49 Take care of administrative completeness (KTP, KK, Birth Certificate) 17 46 Dealing with the administration department or the teacher in a public school Dealing with the police 8 13 27 34 Have been in contact with government employees Dealing with the State University Looking for work in government agencies 6 6 5 19 Ever been asked for money / gifts outside official fees (from those who have been in contact) Dealing with the court 3 25.7 0 25 50 75 100 Citizens mostly deal with government employees to obtain health services, administer administrative supplies, deal with public schools, and deal with the police. The probability of being asked for money outside the official costs is greatest when dealing with the police. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 31
Citizen Interaction with Government Employees and the Probability of Extortion and Gratification V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) To obtain health services 6 49 Take care of administrative completeness (KTP, KK, Birth Certificate) 16 46 Dealing with the administration department or the teacher in a public school Dealing with the police 6 13 16 27 Have been in contact with government employees Dealing with the State University Looking for work in government agencies 6 6 5 7 Ever give money / gifts outside official fees without being asked (from those who have been in contact) Dealing with the court 3 3 0 25 50 75 100 Citizens mostly deal with government employees to obtain health services, administer administrative supplies, deal with public schools, and deal with the police. the probability of giving money outside official fees without being asked the most when arranging administrative completeness and dealing with the police. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 32
Interaction and Probability / Gratification when Obtaining Health Services V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) 100 95 94 80 60 49 51 40 YES 20 0 5 YES NO YES NO YES NO As many as 49% of citizens have dealt with health services from the government. Among those who had contact, 5% had been asked for money / prizes outside of official fees, and 6% had given money without being asked. 6 Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 33
Interaction and Probability / Gratification when Managing Completeness of Public Administration (KTP, KK, Akta Kelahiran) V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) 100 80 83 84 60 40 46 54 YES 20 17 16 0 YES NO YES NO YES NO As many as 46% of citizens have dealt with public administration officer. Among those who had contact, 17% had been asked for money / prizes outside of official fees, and 16% had given money without being asked. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 34
Interaction and Probability / Gratification when Relating to Public Schools V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) 100 92 94 80 73 60 40 27 YES 20 8 6 0 YES NO YES NO YES NO 27% of citizens have dealt with administrative staff or teachers in public schools. Among those who had contact, 8% had been asked for money / gifts outside official fees, and 6% had given money without being asked. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 35
Interactions and Probabilities of Bribery / Gratification when dealing with the Police V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) 100 80 60 87 66 84 40 YES 35 20 13 16 0 YES NO YES NO YES NO 13% of citizens have dealt with the police. Among those who had contact, 35% had been asked for money / gifts outside official fees, and 16% had given money without being asked. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 36
Interaction and Probability / Gratification when dealing with State Universities V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) 100 94 94 94 80 60 40 YES 20 6 6 6 0 YES NO YES NO YES NO As many as 6% of citizens have dealt with state universities. Among those who had contact, 6% had been asked for money / prizes outside official fees, and 6% had given money without being asked. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 37
Interaction and Probability / Gratification when Seeking Work in Government Institutions (PNS) V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) 100 95 94 80 81 60 40 YES 20 5 19 7 0 YES NO YES NO YES NO As many as 5% of citizens have dealt with officers when looking for work in government institutions. Among those who had contact, 19% had been asked for money / gifts outside official fees, and 7% had given money without being asked. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 38
Interactions and Probabilities of Bribery / Gratification when dealing with Courts V_36. In the past 1 year, have you ever contacted government officials in the matter below? (Read A-I)... (%) V_37. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever been asked to give a gift / money to get the services you need other than the official fee?... (%) V_40. IF HAVE BEEN in contact with government employees, Have you ever given gifts / money to get services that you needed without being asked by a government employee?... (%) 100 97 97 80 74 60 40 20 YES 26 0 3 YES NO YES NO YES NO 3 As many as 3% of citizens have dealt with the court. Among those who had contact, 26% had been asked for money / gifts outside official fees, and 3% had given money without being asked. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 39
Reason to Give Money after Being Requested V_41. [Specifically for respondents who answered "have given" a gift / money when asked for one of the response between No. 38 A-I]. Earlier you answered that you gave gifts / money when asked to get the services you need outside of official fees. What are the main reasons for giving gifts / money?... (%) (Answers can be more than one) So that my business will be finished quickly 61 I was worried that my business would be complicated if I did not give the requested money 14 As far as I know, officers are used to asking and ordinary citizens give 10 I consider it as alms to the officer 8 The amount requested is not much 4 I am not comfortable refusing because I know the officer 0 Others 8 DK 2 RA 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 The reason for the majority of respondents who have given gifts / money when asked is that the affairs can be completed quickly (61%). National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 40
Reasons for Giving Money without Being Asked V_44. [Specifically for respondents who answered "YES" to one of number 40 A-I]. Earlier you answered that you or your family had given a gift / money to get the services you need without being asked by government employees. What are the main reasons you give gifts / money to get services that you need without being asked by government employees?... (%) (Answers can be more than one) So that the services that I or my family need can be administered faster 30 No problem giving almsgiving to the officer who helped me 29 I or family are used to doing it 14 My family or I have often heard that the agency is unfacilitating if you don't give money 3 Others 14 DK 10 RA 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 The reason for the majority of respondents who have given gifts / money without being asked is that the required service be completed quickly (30%), then consider the gift to be a alms giving for assisting officers (29%). National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 41
Findings Citizens mostly deal with government employees to obtain health services, administer public administration facilities, deal with public schools, and deal with the police. The probability of being asked for money outside the official costs is greatest when dealing with the police. Whereas the probability of giving money outside official fees without being asked the most when handling administrative requirements and dealing with the police. The reason for the majority of respondents who have given gifts / money when asked is that the business be completed quickly (61%). The reason for the majority of respondents who have given gifts / money without being asked is that the required service be completed quickly (30%), then consider the gift to be a rizki for assisting officers (29%). National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 42
RESPONSIBILITY TO ERRADICATE CORRUPTION AND TRUST ON POLITICAL INSTITUTION
The Most Responsible Agency to Combat Corruption V_67. In your opinion, who is responsible for dealing with the problem of corruption in Indonesia?... (%) (PROBING MAXIMUM THREE ANSWERS) Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) Police President Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) attorney General's Office Society House of Representatives (DPR) Supreme Court Local government Myself Ministry / institution Non-Governmental Organizations / Community Organizations Mass media political parties Republic of Indonesia Ombudsman (ORI) Private companies DK RA 17 15 10 8 10 6 8 5 4 13 4 3 3 15 3 2 1 0 7 0.4 29 28 28 37 63 75 2018 2017 0 25 50 75 100 The KPK is considered the most responsible for dealing with corruption (75%), then Police 29%, President 28%, BPK 17%, Attorney General's Office 10%, and Society 10%. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 44
Level of Trust in State Institutions (1) V_82. How trustful are you with the institutions below?... (%) Strongly trust + Trust Distrust + Strongly distrust DK/RA Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) 85 4 11 President 84 8 8 Police 75 17 9 Indonesian Religious Leader 73 8 19 Local government 73 14 13 Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) 71 9 20 Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) 70 7 22 Court 70 12 18 Ministry / Agencies 70 11 19 Supreme Court 69 9 22 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 The highest level of trust in the KPK (85%), then the President 84%, Police 75%, MUI 73%, Local Government 73%, NU 71%, BPK 70%, Courts 70%, and Ministry 70%, level of trust in other Institutions below 70%. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 45
Level of Trust in State Institutions (2) V_82. How trustful are you with the institutions below?... (%) Strongly trust + Trust Distrust + Strongly distrust DK/RA KPU 69 11 20 attorney General's Office 69 11 20 Bawaslu 67 10 23 Muhammadiyah 67 11 22 Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) 64 9 28 Non-Governmental Organizations / Community Organizations 62 15 24 Mass media 62 19 20 DPR / DPRD 60 27 13 Private companies 57 18 25 political parties 50 33 18 Republic of Indonesia Ombudsman (ORI) 48 9 43 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 The highest level of trust in the KPK (85%), then the President 84%, Police 75%, MUI 73%, Local Government 73%, NU 71%, BPK 70%, Courts 70%, and Ministry 70%, level of trust in other Institutions below 70%. National Survey: Anti-Corruption, Oct '18 46
Findings The highest level of trust in the KPK (85%), then the President 84%, Police 75%, MUI 73%, Local Government 73%, NU 71%, BPK 70%, Courts 70%, and Ministry 70%, level of trust in other Institutions below 70%. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 47
PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION AND PERCEPTION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHY BASED ON EXTORTION / GRATIFICATION
Perception of Corruption Levels and Perception of Bribery / Gratification based on Socio-Demography BASE PERCEPTION IN LEVEL OF CORRUPTION TOLERANCE OF EXTORTION/GRATIFICATION Increasing Decreasing Not change DK/NA Acceptable Unacceptable DK/NA SEX Male 50,1 48,5 25,2 24,0 2,3 32,1 66,1 1,8 Female 49,9 55,4 16,3 24,8 3,6 35,6 60,0 4,4 AGE 19-25 year-old 8,2 57,2 16,1 25,2 1,6 27,6 71,1 1,3 26-40 year-old 32,3 55,2 19,4 24,1 1,3 32,0 65,6 2,4 41-55 year-old 38,1 51,4 21,6 23,8 3,2 33,4 63,9 2,7 >55 year-old 21,4 46,0 22,9 25,5 5,6 39,7 54,5 5,8 The obvious pattern is that higher education and income increasingly assess corruption as unacceptable. However, higher education groups tend to be lower in perceptions of corruption. Perception of corruption tends to be higher in women's groups, younger groups of citizens, Muslim, Sundanese and Betawi ethnicity, working as civil servants / BUMN / BUMD employees, living in urban areas, DKI + Banten and West Java. This perception is not always in line with the assessment of fairness / improper bribery / gratuity. Those who considered it unnatural were more than men, <25 years, Catholic / Protestant and others, Minang, Bugis, Batak and others, educated and high income, in Sumatra, central and eastern Indonesia. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 49
Perception of Corruption Levels and Perception of Bribery / Gratification based on Socio-Demography BASE PERCEPTION IN LEVEL OF CORRUPTION TOLERANCE OF EXTORTION/GRATIFICATION Increasing Decreasing Not change DK/NA Acceptable Unacceptable DK/NA RELIGION Islam 89,1 53,5 19,1 24,3 3,1 35,0 61,8 3,2 Katolik/Protestan 9,1 43,5 28,6 26,5 1,4 25,4 73,8 0,7 Lainnya 1,8 14,9 63,0 19,2 2,8 18,3 70,4 11,3 ETHNICITY Jawa 41,5 52,1 23,4 22,0 2,6 32,5 64,0 3,5 Sunda 16,2 62,2 13,2 21,5 3,1 49,3 48,9 1,7 Betawi 3,2 64,3 9,6 22,4 3,7 37,8 62,2 0,0 Minang 2,9 58,3 16,2 23,7 1,9 16,3 81,3 2,4 Bugis 3,0 51,6 16,6 30,1 1,7 17,4 80,8 1,7 Madura 3,2 41,8 12,6 37,5 8,1 30,4 62,4 7,2 Batak 3,4 48,5 23,5 24,3 3,7 24,5 68,9 6,5 Lainnya 26,7 45,1 24,1 28,0 2,9 31,4 65,6 3,0 The obvious pattern is that higher education and income increasingly assess corruption as unacceptable. However, higher education groups tend to be lower in perceptions of corruption. Perception of corruption tends to be higher in women's groups, younger groups of citizens, Muslim, Sundanese and Betawi ethnicity, working as civil servants / BUMN / BUMD employees, living in urban areas, DKI + Banten and West Java. This perception is not always in line with the assessment of fairness / improper bribery / gratuity. Those who considered it unnatural were more than men, <25 years, Catholic / Protestant and others, Minang, Bugis, Batak and others, educated and high income, in Sumatra, central and eastern Indonesia. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 50
Perception of Corruption Levels and Perception of Bribery / Gratification based on Socio-Demography BASE PERCEPTION IN LEVEL OF CORRUPTION TOLERANCE OF EXTORTION/GRATIFICATION Increasing Decreasing Not change DK/NA Acceptable Unacceptable DK/NA EDUCATION <= Elementary 41,7 45,7 21,4 27,3 5,6 42,1 52,4 5,5 Junior High School 19,2 51,5 20,9 26,3 1,3 34,0 64,1 1,9 Senior High School 28,4 60,8 18,1 20,0 1,0 25,9 72,9 1,1 Higher Education 10,6 53,2 24,9 21,3 0,6 22,0 76,6 1,4 EXPENDITURE < 1 million 22,4 50,0 19,2 25,4 5,3 41,8 52,6 5,7 1-2.9 million 52,7 51,6 21,4 24,3 2,7 33,9 63,3 2,8 >2.9 million 24,9 54,4 20,7 23,6 1,3 26,5 71,9 1,6 JOB PNS/Pegawai BUMN/BUMD 3,7 59,1 27,3 13,2 0,4 22,3 75,0 2,8 Wiraswasta/pedagang 19,7 49,1 25,0 24,2 1,7 30,7 66,6 2,7 Pegawai/buruh swasta 17,3 52,3 22,9 22,0 2,8 31,8 66,2 2,1 Petani/peternak 19,1 41,9 25,6 28,6 3,9 36,8 58,9 4,4 Lainnya 40,3 57,3 14,8 24,5 3,4 35,9 60,9 3,2 The obvious pattern is that higher education and income increasingly assess corruption as unacceptable. However, higher education groups tend to be lower in perceptions of corruption. Perception of corruption tends to be higher in women's groups, younger groups of citizens, Muslim, Sundanese and Betawi ethnicity, working as civil servants / BUMN / BUMD employees, living in urban areas, DKI + Banten and West Java. This perception is not always in line with the assessment of fairness / improper bribery / gratuity. Those who considered it unnatural were more than men, <25 years, Catholic / Protestant and others, Minang, Bugis, Batak and others, educated and high income, in Sumatra, central and eastern Indonesia. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 51
Perception of Corruption Levels and Perception of Bribery / Gratification based on Socio-Demography BASE PERCEPTION IN LEVEL OF CORRUPTION TOLERANCE OF EXTORTION/GRATIFICATION Increasing Decreasing Not change DK/NA Acceptable Unacceptable DK/NA RURAL-URBAN RURAL 49,5 47,3 22,3 26,1 4,3 37,0 58,4 4,6 URBAN 50,5 56,5 19,2 22,7 1,6 30,7 67,6 1,7 AREA Sumatera 20,5 53,1 19,2 25,4 2,4 30,9 65,1 4,0 DKI+Banten 8,0 55,5 14,8 27,3 2,4 36,7 62,5 0,8 Jawa Barat 18,0 65,9 10,3 20,3 3,5 48,1 50,3 1,6 Jateng+DIY 15,0 44,8 32,1 20,5 2,6 34,0 63,7 2,3 Jatim 16,5 53,1 16,4 26,3 4,2 32,0 62,5 5,5 Tengah (Kalimantan+Bali+Nusa Tenggara) 12,0 39,6 29,2 28,8 2,5 25,4 71,3 3,3 Timur (Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua) 10,0 45,2 27,4 24,8 2,6 24,8 72,2 3,0 The obvious pattern is that higher education and income increasingly assess corruption as unacceptable. However, higher education groups tend to be lower in perceptions of corruption. Perception of corruption tends to be higher in women's groups, younger groups of citizens, Muslim, Sundanese and Betawi ethnicity, working as civil servants / BUMN / BUMD employees, living in urban areas, DKI + Banten and West Java. This perception is not always in line with the assessment of fairness / improper bribery / gratuity. Those who considered it unnatural were more than men, <25 years, Catholic / Protestant and others, Minang, Bugis, Batak and others, educated and high income, in Sumatra, central and eastern Indonesia. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 52
CONCLUSION
Conclusion Perception of the level of corruption and assessment of government performance in combating corruption and the level of corruption At present the majority of citizens consider that the level of corruption has increased (52%). However, compared to the corruption trend in the past two years, the perception of corruption declined, from 70% in 2016 to 52% this year. This condition is related to people's knowledge that currently the existing institutions have taken steps to eradicate corruption and these measures are considered effective, even in varying degrees. The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) is considered as the institution that has taken the most steps to eradicate corruption and has a high effectiveness. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 54
Conclusion The majority of citizens now also consider the government serious about fighting corruption, especially the central government. In the past year, this perception has remained relatively unchanged. However, perceptions of the level of corruption differ from the central, provincial, district / city, sub-district and village / kelurahan governments. In general, citizens consider corruption to be highest in the central government, then decline to the least corruption at the village / kelurahan level. That is, the farther away from citizens, the more perceived corruption. On the contrary, the closer the people are, the more perceptions are not corrupt. Government performance is considered very good in infrastructure and services to the community. However, in preventing corruption and enforcing the law against perpetrators of corruption still need to be improved. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 55
Conclusion Corruption as experienced and perceived by citizens At present, the majority of citizens consider bribery and gratuity to be something that is not fair. However, in the past two years, those who considered "unnatural" tended to fall, while those who considered "reasonable" tended to increase. Regarding collusion, more people judge it as "unethical" and only a few judge it as a "crime". Besides that, there are quite a lot of people who judge it as "normal" When asked about the experience of witnessing corruption, very few people have witnessed corruption directly. Likewise told by close people who have witnessed, very little. The majority claimed that he and his close people had never witnessed corruption directly. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 56
Conclusion However, actually quite experienced citizens dealing with government employees in various public services and in such relations are also involved in extortion and gratification with varying degrees. This again shows that corruption is still understood as something happening at the center, involving only large cases. While bribery or gratification experienced in relations with government employees is considered not corruption. Citizens are most in touch with government employees to obtain health services, then administer complete public administration, deal with employees or teachers in public schools, and deal with police. Then, fewer people were associated with the state campus, looking for work as civil servants, and dealing with the court. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 57
Conclusion In these matters, the probability of citizens being asked for money / gifts outside official fees is when dealing with the police and the court. In public services, the probability of citizens being asked for money / prizes outside of official fees is when managing public administration completeness (KTP, KK, Birth Certificate). In addition, when looking for work in a government institution (as a civil servant), the probability is also high even though only a few are dealing. Furthermore, citizens can also give money / gifts outside the official provisions even without being asked when dealing with government employees. The probability of citizens giving without being asked is greatest when managing public administration and dealing with the police. Citizens who gave money in these matters, both when asked and without being asked, gave the most so that their affairs would be completed quickly. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 58
Conclusion Erradicating Corruption The majority of citizens considered the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) as the most responsible institution to tackle corruption in Indonesia. The KPK appears to be the foundation of the citizens to eradicate corruption. The KPK is the most trusted institution today. Surnas Anti-Korupsi Okt '18 59
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