Revolutionary War Prior Knowledge- Cross check the following questions for the correct answer in your Insights (Copy Questions) Questions #2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 Objectives- Students will understand the basis of American rights Explain the rights Guaranteed in the Declaration of Independence How people have the power to influence and change government to their demands Identify individuals who made an extraordinary impact on the founding of this nation and explain their contribution Strategies and reasons why the US was able to defeat a stronger enemy in war. How was a weaker country able to defeat a stronger opponent? Explain the difficulties the US had in winning the Revolutionary War. Outcomes of the Revolutionary War Identify the original borders of the United States and why England surrendered
ID- Battle of Bunker Hill (p 142) Summary 1- Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill a moral victory for the Americans Showed that Americans were willing to fight against British Army -OI Bunker Hill and Hessians Hirelings 1) How did the Americans lose at Bunker Hill? Americans ran out of ammunition (gun powder) In what colony has all of the protesting and fighting taken place so far?
OBP- stated the colonies wanted a return to Benign Neglect (return to the way things were before 1763, did not want independence) 2) What was the purpose of the Olive Branch Petition? Avoid fighting, seek peace 3) Why did the King of England ignore the Olive Branch Petition? Battle of Bunker Hill proved to king that the colonies wanted war Are the colonies ready to fight a war against England? Explain?
ID- In Common Sense, Thomas Paine (excerpt) P 143 Summary 2- What is the problem with Monarchy? (Rule by a king) Gov is corrupt and too much power Paine is trying to convince Americans to seek independence -OI- Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense 4) Who wrote Common Sense? Thomas Paine 5) How many copies did it sell? 120,000 (most popular book in colonies till this point) Why is it important to the revolutionary cause that so many Americans have read or know about Common Sense?
6) What was one of the author s arguments? (have all 3 written down) Monarchy is a bad form of government Americans are not English, stop trying to be Old World vs. New World- it s corrupt, America land of opportunity Evaluate/Judge if Thomas Paine correct in demanding that America should seek independence?
ID- American signers of the Declaration of Independence (p 146) Summary 3- Why should the signers of the Declaration of Independence be afraid? Treason (could be hung/ executed) -OI- Jefferson s Explanation of Independence 7) When was the Dec. of Ind. Approved? July 4, 1776
8) What was the basis of American rights in the Dec. of Ind? Natural Rights (life, liberty, property) Inalienable Rights (Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness) Analyze why Jefferson changed a right that all people have from property to pursuit of happiness?? Equality (All men created equal) Are all people equal? What does equality mean?
Declaration of Independence- begins the United States and states basis of American rights Thomas Jefferson- author (33 yrs old) Opening- states basis on Am. rights Inalienable Rights- life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness Where did the Jefferson get this idea? John Locke/Natural Rights? Do all Americans have these rights? Identify groups who have been denied these rights? Equality- All men are created equal?what does equality mean? Equality of opportunity Second Section- grievances against the king Government s power comes from the people Third Section- Independence Declaration of War
9) Identify one of the misdeeds by the King and explain how that violates American rights? Imposing taxes without right to vote Ending trial by jury Establishing military dictatorship Cutting off trade Identify 1 act that correlates to each misdeed?
ID- N.Y. Patriots Pull Down the Statue of King George III (p 150) Summary- How did the Patriots put the statue of King George to good use? Turned the statue into bullets -OI- Patriots and Loyalists 10) Define Loyalist and Patriot Loyalist- loyal to king/england Patriot- USA, wanted independence What is the major problem Americans need to sort out if they want to win this war? Will Americans fight? 20% of Americans loyal to King, 40% don t care
Fighting the War?How does a weaker country defeat a stronger country? Two Armies US/General Washington- respected, popular, Virginian Think- Why was Washington selected as general? US-Defensive War-Why does the US not have to attack? Guerilla Warfare- hit and run tactics Avoid Major Battles Drag the war on till England Quits England- strongest army and navy in world, hire mercenaries (Hessians) Who has the advantage fighting the war? US or Eng? Explain British/Conventional War- Major Battles, Control Cities, Divide Colonies?Why is England s strategy set up to fail? Am. avoids battles (guerilla warfare, 4 cities in colonies, 97% is wilderness, colonies already divided
Major Events Battle of Saratoga- 1 st major battle US wins (shows US could win the war with some help) What country would like to punk England and ally w. US? French Alliance?Why did the French want to ally themselves with the US? Get back at England for losing Fr/Ind. War Valley Forge- thousands of Americans die in their winter camp due to starvation, cold, and disease Why are the English not dying and starving??why is the worst event in the Revolutionary War significant in helping the American cause? Shows that Americans not ready to quit Yorktown- ends Rev. War (Cornwallis surrenders to Washington)
11) How did British troops manage to control areas of the colonies? With a massive military presence (large Army to control people) 12) What groups were more likely to stay loyal to England? People who owed their wealth to connections w. England War begins in New England, moves to Middle Colonies, ends in Southern Colonies (Eng. Felt Southerners could not take guns away from slaves)
The Reconciliation (p 160) Summary 5- How is this painting similar and different from the painting on P124 Same characters, rather than fighting they are making up What are they saying to each other? -OI- Peace at Paris 13) Who were the three American negotiators at Paris? John Adams, John Jay, Benjamin Franklin
14) Explain the borders in the N,S, and W of the US? N- Canada S- Florida (goes to Spain) W- Miss River 15) Think- Why do you feel that England was so generous to the US with the Treaty of Paris? England was afraid the US would become friends with France, England wanted to keep good relations so trade would continue, and Eng. Figured the US would fail and come back to English Empire