Launching the New Deal Ch 22-1 The Main Idea In 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president of a suffering nation. He quickly sought to address the country s needs, with mixed results. Content Statement 15/Learning Goal Explain how the efforts to combat the Great Depression led to an expanded role for the federal government.
The Election of 1932 (1) Americans blamed President Hoover for the country s economic woes. Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the Democratic Party s nomination. He was related to Theodore Roosevelt. He survived polio. He was governor of New York. Roosevelt promised relief for the poor and more public works programs to provide jobs. He attacked Hoover and the Republicans for their response to the Great Depression. Roosevelt, For at least two years after the Crash the only efforts made by the national administration to cope with the distress of unemployment were to deny its existence Roosevelt won a landslide victory winning more than 57 percent of the popular vote.
The Roosevelts (2) Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a winning personality and believed that it was the government s job to take direct action to help its people. Eleanor Roosevelt was a powerful political force in her own right, and she helped to change to role of the First Lady. Franklin and Eleanor s marriage played a central role in Franklin Roosevelt s political success.
A Political Partnership (3) Franklin Roosevelt Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, and confidence An effective communicator (ex. fireside chats) A reform-minded Democrat Believed the government could solve economic and social problems Eleanor Roosevelt Eyes and ears of her husband Directed efforts to solve several major social issues (ex. lynching of African Americans) Wrote her own newspaper column Had the trust and affection of many Americans
Franklin Roosevelt as President (4) Banking Crisis Temporarily closed all the nation s banks to stop panic and large-scale withdrawals Passed the Emergency Banking Act Glass-Steagall Act created the FDIC Hundred Days Critical period of government activity Roosevelt pushed Congress to put most of his New Deal into practice. Public Works Administration (PWA) alphabet soup agencies The New Deal promised relief, recovery and reforms. Beyond the Hundred Days FDR and Congress passed important legislation after the Hundred Days Created the Civil Works Administration Passed the Indian Reorganization Act
The New Deal (5) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Relief Helped unemployed young men 18 to 25 years old Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA) Recovery Helped farmers by paying them not to grow crops. Subsidy National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Recovery Helped business by requiring that businesses in the same industry cooperate with each other to set prices and output Started Public Works Administration (PWA) Labor received federal protection for the right to organize. Federal Securities Act Reform Helped investors, restored confidence in the markets Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Reform government regulations on buying/selling/trading of stocks. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Recovery/Reform/Relief? Helped build dams and other projects along the Tennessee River and its tributaries
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Trouble for the New Deal (6) Radical Reactions to the New Deal Believed the New Deal did not go far enough in reforming the economy Wanted a complete overhaul of capitalism Huey P. Long, Father Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend Conservative Reactions to the New Deal Attacked the New Deal as a radical break with traditional American ideals. Capitalism vs. Socialism Thought the New Deal would drive the country to destruction. American Liberty League
Leading Critics of the New Deal (7) Huey P. Long (senator from Louisiana) Believed Roosevelt s policies were too friendly to banks and businessmen (started the Share Our Wealth Society) Father Charles Coughlin (the radio priest ) Believed Roosevelt was not doing enough to curb the power of bankers and financial leaders. Wanted everybody in America to have a minimum income. Dr. Francis Townsend Criticized the New Deal for not doing enough for older Americans (wanted pensions for people over 60) The American Liberty League Believed that the New Deal went too far and was anti-business Opposition from the courts Critics of the New Deal feared that it gave the president too much power over other branches of government. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States. Destroyed parts of NIRA 1935 United States v. Butler. Found parts of AAA unconstitutional. 1936