Unit One: Civil War & Reconstruction Mr. Mattingly U.S. History
Background of the United States: Nation of Immigrants Motives: Religion or Economic Opportunity Common Belief: Self-Government Valued Individual Rights and Freedoms Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Won the Revolutionary War against Great Britain U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights = 1st 10 amendments Participate in government decisions Large Country: Land and Population Created Diversity: Positive or Negative?
Video Clip: National Treasure Rewrite
Activity: Declaration Rewrite Activity Instructions: Form a Draft Committee Group of 3-4 Students Read the Declaration of Independence Summarize the first two paragraphs 8-10 Major Principles (In Order)! Point Value: 15 Points Completion / Participation Grade Due:
Video: Creating the U.S. Constitution
The History of the United States:
Leading to the Civil War: Issue of Slavery Northern / Southern Climate Differences: Cotton in the south U.S. Constitution, 1787: 3/5 Compromise = blacks counted a 3/5 of a person Balance of the Senate (2 from each state) Missouri Compromise, 1820: Mapped the future of free and slave states Abolitionist Movement, 1840s - 1850s: Abolitionist = person wanting to end slavery EX: John Brown s Raid Popular Sovereignty = legitimacy is created by the consent of the people Bleeding Kansas in the 1850s Outrage leads to creation of the Republican Party
Missouri Compromise, 1820:
Video: The Presidents (Taylor - Buchanan)
Lincoln s Election Starts the Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln, 1861-1865 Part of the new Republican Party Contain Slavery to the South South (Agriculture) & North (Factories) High Tariffs (Protective) Tariff = tax on a foreign good Does this help the north or south?! South s Mindset: Lincoln is a threat. Secede = withdraw membership 11 Southern States Secede
North vs. South
Video Clip: Lincoln Trailer (2012)
Prewar Statistics: The North: 22 Million People (71%) 92% of Manufactured Goods 72% of Railroad Track 67% of the Farms 82% of the Banking One Military College The South: 9 Million People (29%) 8% of Manufactured Goods 28% of Railroad Track 33% of the Farms 18% of the Banking Seven Military Colleges
Early Stages of the Civil War: Original War Strategies: North s Anaconda Plan: Block and cut off supplies South s Attrition War: Wear down and outlast the north Home Field Advantage General Robert E. Lee s Achieves Success. Confederate Military Leader Winning the ground game, but not the seas The South s Government Struggles. Confederate President: Jefferson Davis Need Outside Help British for supplies and a navy
Northern Civil War Politics: Lincoln s Main Goal Initially: Preserve the Union Even if slavery continued First federal income tax to raise funds Temporary (WarTime) How is this different than war bonds? Drafted soldiers into military service Draft = forced into military action Lincoln suspends Habeas Corpus Habeas Corpus = can t be imprisoned unless charged and given a trial Limited Freedom of Speech
Quiz Time: Civil War Quiz #1
Video: 10 Days (Antietam)
How to Cripple the South? Crippling Factor: Eliminate slave labor Backbone of the Southern Economy When to announce? Battle of Antietam, 1862 Bloodiest 1-Day Battle: 6,000 killed South retreats for from the North Union Victory? Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation EP = declares slaves were free in confederate states Why: Prevented the British from helping the South
The North Achieves Success: General Ulysses S. Grant controls the Mississippi River Grant the Butcher General Lee invades Pennsylvania for supplies Encounters the Northern Army / Now What? Battle of Gettysburg, 1863 Decisive Union Victory Casualties: 23,000 (Union) / 29,000 (South) Lincoln s Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago...
Lincoln Puts Grant in Command: General Grant vs. General Lee: Grant applies heavy pressure When in doubt, fight. - Grant! General Tecumseh Sherman: March to Sea Path of destruction in the deep south Goal: Unconditional Surrender! South Surrenders: Appomattox Courthouse April 1, 1865
Civil War: Results and Future 620,000 Deaths and 1.1 Million Casualties: South: 260,000 / North 360,000 Most due to disease! Lincoln s elected for a second term (1865-1869) How to reconstruct?! Lincoln Assassinated, April 1865 Assassin: John Wilkes Booth