BRUMUN 2018 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS Brumun Conference Agenda. 3 Issues on the Agenda. 5 Executive Staff. 6 Chair Team. 8 Press Team. 9 Approval Panel 9 Resolutions 10 How to Write a Resolution 11 Rules of Procedure 14 Writing an Amendment. 17 Note Passing. 18 General Information 19 Conference Venues.. 20 Maps. 21 Social Event. 22 Room Venues at Conference 23 Credits. 24 2
BRUMUN CONFERENCE AGENDA Day One (Tuesday 27 Feb.) - EUROCONTROL 08.30-10.00 Registration 09.30-10.00 Ambassador s Meeting 10.00-11.00 BRUMUN Opening Ceremony 11.00-12.00 General Assembly Opening Speeches 11.00-12.00 Security Council Opening Speeches 12.00-12.30 Meeting for Teachers 12.00-13.00 Lobbying 12.00-13.00 Security Council in Session 13.00-14.00 Lunch 14.00-15.45 Lobbying 14.00-16.00 Approval Panel Open 14.00-16.00 Security Council in Session 15.45-16.00 Briefing by GA Chairs of Delegates in Committee Groups 16.00-17.00 Declamation Contest First Semi-Final Day Two (Wednesday 28 Feb.) - EEB2 08.30-10.30 Lobbying + Approval Panel Open 08.30-13.00 Security Council in Session 10.30-13.00 General Assembly in Session 11.00-11.30 Meeting for Teachers 3
13.00-13.45 Lunch 13.45-15.15 Security Council in Session 13.45-15.15 General Assembly in Session 15.30-16.30 Declamation Contest Second Semi-Final 20.00-22.00 Bowling and Q-Zar at Crosly Bowling Day Three (Thursday 1 March) - EEB2 09.00-13.00 General Assembly in Session 09.00-13.00 Security Council in Session 11.00-11.30 Meeting for Teachers 13.00-14.00 Lunch 14.00-16.00 General Assembly in Session 14.00-16.00 Security Council in Session 16.15-17.15 Declamation Contest Third Semi-Final 17.15-19.15 Close Down EEB2 Venue Day Four (Friday 2 March) - EUROCONTROL 09.00-12.00 General Assembly in Session 09.00-12.00 Security Council in Session 11.00-11.30 Meeting for Teachers 4
12.00-13.00 Declamation Contest Final 13.00-14.00 Lunch 14.00-15.00 General Assembly in Session 14.00-15.00 Security Council in Session 15.00-16.00 Closing Ceremony Please note that there may be adjustments during the week, so please check again each day ISSUES ON THE CONFERENCE AGENDA CONFERENCE THEME 2018: 'WORKING TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE' General Assembly Committee 1 - Disarmament and International Security The question of combatting terrorism Proposals to reduce the stockpile of nuclear arms The question of robotics in warfare and autonomous weapon systems General Assembly Committee 2 - Economic and Financial Aiding the development of cheaper renewable energy Providing third world countries with means of sustainable development The question of oil refineries currently run by terrorist organisations General Assembly Committee 3 - Social, Humanitarian and Cultural The question of disputed access to water (i.e. The Nile) Providing youth with education dealing with ecology and global warming Ensuring victims of Hurricanes Irma and Jose are receive humanitarian aid General Assembly Committee 4 - Special, Political and Decolonization The rise of nationalism in Europe Looking for solutions to de-escalate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Looking for possible solutions to the Qatar-Gulf crisis General Assembly Committee 6 - Legal Measures to contain the global trade in toxic waste Creating a legal framework to limit worldwide carbon emissions. Steps towards enforcing international law Security Council Steps towards resolving the crisis with North Korea The situation in Syria The situation in Afghanistan 5
Executive Staff Secretary General Emma Deputy Secretary General Marie Conference Manager Alessia Deputy Conference Manager Paola Finance Manager Anika Head of Administrative Staff Marion Deputy Head of Administration Staff Inkeri 6
Head of Press & Accommodation Astrid Deputy Head of Press & Accommodation Katriina Declamation Contest Organiser Kia Programme Consultant Luuk Guest Committee Member from EEB4 Ferdia 7
CHAIR TEAM Pres. Of GA & Chair GA1 - Luuk Deputy Chair GA1 - Inkeri Deputy Pres. GA & Chair GA2 - Kia Deputy Chair GA2 - Marie-Camille Chair GA3 - Effi Deputy Chair GA3 - Mathilde Chair GA4 - Theo Deputy Chair GA4 - Christina Chair GA6 - Marie Deputy Chair GA6 - Anika President of SC Elzbieta Deputy-President of SC - Jules 8
PRESS TEAM The BRUMUN Press Team will be working throughout the conference to keep you up to date with unfolding events. The press team will move around and watch out for interesting news stories. It will publish a daily newspaper called BRUMAG and also produce a souvenir highlights film of BRUMUN at the end of the conference. Catch all the heated debates, the interesting gossip and the latest news by following the work of the Press Team. The newspaper will be published towards the end of each day -and will contain articles about what has been happening around the conference and other features to keep people talking. The press will have their own room to work in throughout the conference, but their main job is to move about and catch the stories. The Press Team consists of fifteen students who are assigned to photography, film production, journalism and social media management. They will have to meet strict deadlines every day for collecting stories, editing articles and getting the paper printed. The team leaders are Astrid Bruhn Hermannson and Katriina Surquin. THE APPROVAL PANEL One of the big jobs at the start of the conference is to get your resolution accepted by the chair in your room. To do this, you need to first of all write a resolution, get a minimum of five co-submitters (you can find more detail on resolutions on the next page) and then bring your resolution to the chair. The chair will either accept the resolution or tell you it needs further work. Once the chair accepts your resolution, the approval panel becomes very important to you. The approval panel is a panel of teachers involved in MUN who correct and ultimately approve your resolutions. The chair will send your resolution with a Resolution Check Form to the approval panel. The approval panel will check the formatting and spelling and return draft resolutions to the chair to be returned to the delegate if any errors need to be corrected. Each draft resolution, once approved by the chair, can be submitted up to three times to the approval panel, each time being sent and returned to the chair if it is not ready after the third time, the draft resolution will be rejected. 9
RESOLUTIONS The basic job of a draft resolution is to propose a solution to a problem that has the potential of working in the real world. It is important to learn how to prepare a draft resolution for MUN because the ultimate goal of each MUN committee is to solve problems in the world by debating these draft resolutions and passing as many of them as possible. Each delegate will write at least one draft resolution. Your goal is to submit this draft resolution to your committee chair for debate during session. Before the draft resolution is approved for debate, there are a number of steps to go through: Step 1: You will need to find a minimum of five other countries who support your draft resolution and are prepared to co-submit it with you - you will have time to lobby for support on the first and second days; Step 2: Once you have met the quota for co-submitters, you must bring your draft resolution to your chair who will tell you if it is up to standard for debate - when approved by the chair, the chair will hand it to admin. staff to bring to the Approval Panel (typically teachers) who will check the formatting and spelling - they will return it to the chair unapproved if any errors need to be corrected - you collect it from the chair and correct the errors and then repeat the process of handing it to the chair and waiting for the response from the approval committee - your resolution can be submitted up to three times in total, but if it is still unapproved after the third attempt, the Approval Panel will be reject the resolution. If this happens, you need to start working on a new resolution. Step 3: Once the approval panel passes your draft resolution, the third step is to organise two copies of the resolution one for the chairperson of your committee and one for the deputy-chairperson - part of the chairperson's job is to read all resolutions and decide whether resolutions are going to be debated or not and in which order they will be debated. At BRUMUN, the limit for preambulatory clauses is between 6 and 8 - the limit for operative clauses is between 7 and 9 (sub-clauses are allowed). 10
HOW TO WRITE A RESOLUTION A resolution has THREE main parts: (a) heading; (b) preambulatory clauses; (c) operative clauses - each of these parts is looked at in the notes below: (a) Heading The heading contains five pieces of information: (1) your full committee name (not abbreviated); (2) the topic being discussed; (3) your country name; (4) the names of your co-submitters/co-signatories; (5) then write you committee name in full again and start listing your preambulatory phrases. Example: FORUM: General Assembly First Committee QUESTION OF: Sustainable development SUBMITTER: Brazil CO-SUBMITTERS: THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY FIRST COMMITTEE, (b) Preambulatory clauses (for the purposes of BRUMUN, the limit for preambulatory clauses is set between 6 and 8) The preamble of a draft resolution states the reasons for which the committee is addressing the topic. Each clause generally begins with a present participle (-ing) and always ends with a comma. They may include content such as: Mentions of statements made by the Secretary-General or a relevant UN body or agency; Recognition of the efforts of regional or nongovernmental organizations in dealing with the issue; References to the UN Charter or other applicable legal frameworks; 11
General statements on the topic in terms of its significance and its impact, Citations of past UN resolutions or treaties on the topic under discussion; There are many stock phrases which are helpful in constructing preambulatory clauses - the following phrases can be used in both General Assembly and Security Council resolutions: Accepting that Alarmed by Approving Bearing in mind Believing Commending Contemplating Deeply concerned by Deeply conscious of Deeply convinced of Deeply disturbed by Deeply regretting Desiring Calling upon Acknowledging Emphasizing Affirming Appealing to Asking that Aware of Bearing in mind Believing Calling for Condemning Congratulating Deploring Expecting Expressing its appreciation Fulfilling Fully aware of Deploring Further deploring Further recalling Guided by Having considered Expressing its satisfaction Fully alarmed by Fully believing that Having considered Having considered further Having examined Having received Keeping in mind Noting with deep concern Noting with satisfaction Noting further Hoping for Requesting that Observing Realizing Recalling Recognizing Referring to Seeking Taking into consideration Taking note of Viewing with appreciation Welcoming Having heard Having received Having studied Noting with appreciation Noting with approval Noting with regret Pointing out Reminding Strongly affirming Strongly condemning Taking into account Example of Preambulatory Clause: Noting with deep concern the 17% increase in HIV/AIDS contraction in sub-saharan African countries in the past five years, Phrases which can only be used by the Security Council: Affirming Reaffirming Declaring 12
(c) Operative clauses (for the purposes of BRUMUN, the limit for operative clauses is set between 7 and 9 - sub-clauses are allowed) Operative clauses state the solutions which the resolution is proposing to resolve the issue - they should address the issues raised in the preambulatory clauses. Tip: Usually more details in an operative clause will make it stronger or at least make the idea clearer to other delegates. A simple way to strengthen each operative clause is to answer the who, what, when, where, why, and how of each clause with sub-clauses underneath each main operative clause. Again, there are many stock phrases which are helpful in constructing operative clauses for both the General Assembly and the Security Council: Calls Calls upon Congratulates Considers Deplores Designates Draws the attention Emphasizes Appeals Asks Calls for Commends Encourages Endorses Expresses its appreciation Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further reminds Further recommends Further requests Has resolved Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Regrets Reminds Requests Supports Takes note of Transmits Trusts Further resolves Hopes Invites Offers Proposes Renews Resolves Seeks Strongly urges Suggests Urges Example of Operative Clause: Calls upon developed countries and major pharmaceutical companies to provide low cost medicines for HIV/AIDS to sub-saharan African countries. Phrases which can only be used by the Security Council: Accepts Authorises Declares accordingly Strongly condemns Affirms Condemns Demands Approves Confirms Solemnly affirms 13
1. Modes of Address: RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR BRUMUN (a) Before a delegate gives a speech, he or she must first address the chair and the delegates Distinguished chair, honourable delegates (this rule does not apply in the Security Council) (b) A delegate must always speak in the third person singular (i.e. Germany opposes this resolution because... /is the delegate aware that...?) or the first person plural (we believe that...) - this is because each delegate is not there to represent one person, but a nation. (c) Once the speech is over and any subsequent points of information have been answered, the delegate must yield the floor back to the chair. This is the only exception when a delegate can refer to himself or herself as 'I' - I yield the floor back to the chair. 2. Points and Motions (a) Point of order - If a mistake is made during debate by either the chair or a delegate concerning the course of debate or running of the committee, it is in order for a delegate to call a point of order for the correct procedure; (b) Point of Information - If something is unclear during debate, a delegate may ask a question to the chair using a point of information - points of information always concern the resolution or the amendment under discussion; (c) Point of Parliamentary Inquiry - If a delegate is confused about what to do next, he or she can use a point of parliamentary inquiry to ask the chair a question; (d) Point of Personal Privilege - this is for situations where a delegate is not able to hear what is being said or there is some other cause of discomfort. (e) Motion to move into voting procedures - this motion is used if a delegate feels that there is no more to say about the resolution being debated, however debating time has not elapsed yet. It is up to the chair whether this motion is entertained or not; (f) Motion to extend debating time - when debating time has elapsed, but a delegate feels that the resolution has not been debated long enough, this motion may be used. The chair decides whether it is in order or not (not applicable in Security Council since no times are set for debates in this forum); (g) Motion to table the resolution - this motion can be used to continue debate on a certain resolution at a later point in time e.g. after lunch or after more research is done on the topic. To table the resolution simply means that the resolution will be put aside for the moment. 14
3. Course of Debate (a) The main submitter only reads out the operative clauses of his or her resolution; (Note for Security Council The Security Councils do not debate resolutions. A Security Council debate starts with a speech delivered by the President of the Security Council or by the Secretary General on why the issue to be debated is an important one. Thereafter, the President will submit a resolution that contains only one preambulatory clause which reads something like Concerned with the issue of. During debate (which is always an open debate) delegates will try to add clauses to the resolution by submitting amendments) (b) The chair then sets debating time and informs the forum whether it is an open or closed debate; (c) The main submitter makes his/her speech highlighting the most important operative clauses and explaining the ideas that the resolution contains; (d) When he or she has finished, he or she will be asked by the chair whether he or she is open to any points of information. He or she can reply in one of three ways: The delegate is open to all points of information (opens himself or herself to an unlimited number of points of information 'any and all') The delegate is open to (says a specific number e.g. 3) points of information (opens himself or herself to a limited amount of points of information) Says that he or she is not open to any points of information (e) Thereafter the delegate can yield the floor back to the chair or to another delegate. (f) If the delegate wishes to yield the floor to another delegate (usually a co-submitter of the resolution), that delegate will take the floor and speak on the resolution and have the opportunity to take question. However, the second delegate must yield the floor directly back to the chair once he or she has finished. When the delegate yields the floor back to the chair, the chair can then yield the floor to another delegate. This delegate will then speak on the resolution and again have the opportunity to take questions. (g) When the debating time for the resolution has elapsed, all delegates vote on the resolution. Delegates can vote for or against, or they can abstain. (h) In each forum there has to be a simple majority in order to let a resolution/amendment pass. A simple majority means that a resolution passes if there is at least one more vote for than against 15
(Note for Security Council the Security Councils do not require a simple majority; they require at least nine of the fifteen votes in favour. Also, a Security Council resolution/amendment always fails if there is at least one veto-vote. A veto-vote is a vote against by one of the permanent members. The permanent members are the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the Russian Federation, France and China. This does not mean that amendments/resolutions can only pass if all permanent members are in favour, it means that they can only pass if no permanent members are against); 4. Amendments Amendments are proposed changes to the resolution being debated. They may be submitted by delegates at any time during the debate using the delegates notepaper. In open debate, amendments may be debated at any time. In closed debate, they are debated during time against the resolution. An amendment can only refer to one clause of the resolution. Also, each clause can be debated only once in a debate, so once an amendment is accepted or rejected on a particular clause, that clause is no longer open for further amendments. If a delegate feels the need to change a clause of an amendment being submitted, he or she can propose an amendment to the amendment. If a delegate has submitted an amendment, he or she should raise his or her placard when the chair asks if any delegate wishes to take the floor. If the delegate is called upon, he or she will then take the floor. The delegate now has two options: (a) present the amendment straight away by saying: the delegate has submitted an amendment or (b) giving an opinion on a certain operative clause in the resolution and following that by saying: Therefore I propose the following amendment - in both cases, the chair will say, that is in order, and read out the amendment. The chair will then set the debating time on the amendment, which does not count as time on the resolution. The delegate will then have the floor to make a speech about the amendment. After the debating time for the amendment has elapsed, the voting procedure will take place. Delegates can only vote for or against an amendment. They cannot abstain. Following this, the debate on the resolution and the debating time on the resolution will commence. 5. Notepaper During the debate, delegates are allowed to pass around notes to communicate with each other. Each delegation is supposed to bring his/her own note paper. The delegates can write their notes on this notepaper which will be passed to whoever it is addressed by the Administrative Staff. The Administrative Staff must first check that the content of the note is conference-related before it is passed to the recipient. If the Administrative Staff believe the note is not conference-related, it can either be thrown away, put in the gossip box or passed to the press team that will publish it on the conference newspaper. To prevent fraud with notepaper, every delegation must bring its own official notepaper. Unofficial notepaper will not be passed on by Administrative Staff. It should have an official letterhead and logo that identifies the delegation's country or organisation. 16
WRITING AN AMENDMENT Resolutions are changed through amendments. An amendment is a written statement that adds, deletes or revises an operative clause in a draft resolution. The amendment process is used to strengthen consensus on a resolution by allowing delegates to change certain sections. 1. Writing an amendment: Imagine that the following clause has been submitted in a resolution, but you disagree with it and want to make a change: Recommends all Member States to set the age at 5 years old for children to begin primary school Amendment Submitted by: Country X Replace 5 with 7 So that the clause would read: Recommends all Member States to set the age at 7 years old for children to begin primary school 2. Submitting an amendment An amendment should be submitted when the clause is on the floor (while it is being debated). You can submit it to administration staff to bring to the Chair or when the Chair says that you are in Open Debate and asks if anyone would like to take the floor, you can raise your placard and if selected to speak, tell the Chair you would like to submit an amendment - she will tell you that 'that is in order'. Hand her your amendment proposal that you have prepared. 3. Defending an amendment Your Chair will read out your proposal for an amendment, after which you have the floor. This is when you must defend your proposal, for example: 'Fellow delegates, Country X believes that sending children to school at the age of 5 is too young; children need more time to play, whether they are at home with their mother or going to pre-school. Five years old is too young to deal with the pressure of learning to read and write it is too young to be made sit still for so long every day. We believe that the age of 7 is much more appropriate. Thank you.' At this point, the Chair will ask you if you are open to points of information (questions). After the points of information, you must yield the floor to the Chair and return to your seat. 17
NOTE PASSING Writing notes allows you to communicate with other delegates, helps you form alliances and work on resolutions. Use them wisely and effectively. 1. Use your notes for positive reasons - never to put down someone s policy or to say that someone is incorrect about something. Notes exist to make allies, not enemies, and writing negative notes can ruin the whole diplomatic concept of Model UN. 2. It is perfectly fine to ask questions about something someone said in committee, as long as you don t write it sarcastically or with an ill-mannered tone. It is even alright to politely write that you disagree with something, as long as you provide some sort of middle ground where you can meet. Do not send notes just to point out problems, always make sure you include a solution. 3. Keep it short: You do not want note writing to become a huge distraction from the actual debate. The goal of a note is not to be for casual conversation. Write your note as quickly as possible and resume participation in debate. 4. Be professional: you are expected to bring your own notepaper with your country flag on it (sample note paper below) - make your note paper look professional - write in print to make it more legible. 5. Keep your notes appropriate: This is really important - inappropriate notes can make the quality of the work of the whole committee suffer. Notes should be solely about the debate in committee - administration staff and teachers will screen notes to ensure that there are no inappropriate notes or notes completely unrelated to committee. 6. Notes must be written in English and may not be passed between committee rooms 7. Inappropriate notes will either be binned or put in a gossip box. 18
GENERAL INFORMATION GENERAL RULES During the conference, alcoholic drinks, smoking and drugs are strictly forbidden. Mobile phones must be switched off and chewing gum is not allowed. DRESS CODE BRUMUN specifies a formal dress code. This dress code is very important and must be respected during the conference. If a student does not follow the dress code, the student will be removed from the conference for that day. The following day, the student must report to a member of the executive staff to show that they are following the dress code. If the student has failed to follow the dress code again, he or she will be denied access to the conference. IDENTIFICATION CARDS Every person attending the conference will be given an identification card which must be worn at all times. If you lose your badge, you will have to obtain a new one from the Conference Management team for a fee of 5. PRINTING AND PHOTOCOPYING FACILITIES Computer and printing facilities for making changes to resolutions will be provided at Eurocontrol and EEB2. In both locations, a print station will be set up and chairs or administration staff will be able to direct you to the station. You will need to bring a USB memory stick in order to make and save any changes to your resolution. Delegates who can bring their own laptops will find this really useful for lobbying on Tuesday and Wednesday. The Administrative Staff is responsible for photocopying, and you must tell them in advance if you need photocopies made. EMERGENCY NUMBERS General emergency number: 112 Emergency number for EEB2 Staff: (1) 0032489703068; (2) 0032472875969 19
LUNCH Lunch on Tuesday and Friday will be served in the buffet area of Eurocontrol immediately outside the Europa Room. In EEB2, lunch will be brought to your committee rooms. For students who have registered special food requirements, your contact person is KIA KATAINEN, Chair of GA2, who will be in charge of this service. CONFERENCE VENUES The first and last day of the conference will be taking place at Eurocontrol. The second and third day of the conference will be taking place at European School of Woluwe. Venue 1 - Eurocontrol, Rue de la Fusée 96, 1130 Brussels. Public Transport Options: STIB Bus line 21: get out at stop Bourget Stop and walk 5 minutes to Eurocontrol STIB Tram line 62 (get out at Cimetière de Jette Eurocontrol, which is the final stop on the line). STIB Bus line 12: from Schuman, get out at stop Bourget Stop and walk 5 minutes to Eurocontrol STIB Bus line 65 (Gare Centrale Bourget): get out at stop Bourget Stop and walk 5 minutes to Eurocontrol STIB Bus line 80 (Porte de Namur Maes via Montgomery): get out at Maes, at the end of the line. 10-minute walk to Eurocontrol. Please note that at certain times only 1 out of 2 buses continue to the Maes stop. DE LIJN Bus lines 271 and 472, get out at stop Bourget Stop and walk 5 minutes to Eurocontrol VENUE 2 - European School Woluwe (EEB2), Avenue Oscar Jespers 75, 1200 Brussels. Public Transport Options: Metro to Roodebeck 15-minute walk or catch bus number 29 for 4 stops to Jespers STIB Bus line 29, get out at Jespers - school is across the road 20
MAPS EUROCONTROL Rue de la Fusée 96, Brussels 1130. EEB2 Avenue Oscar Jespers 75, 1200 Brussels. 21
SOCIAL EVENT On Wednesday evening, 28 Feb., from 20.00-22.00, there is an option to join a bowling and Q-Zar activity at Crosly Bowling, about a 10-minute walk from Central Station. Please make sure you sign up before all the places are gone (180 places maximum) if you do not sign up, please be aware that you will not be able to join the activity by just showing up at the bowling centre. CROSLY BOWLING, BOULEVARD DE L'EMPEREUR N 36, 1000 BRUXELLES 22
ROOM VENUES AT CONFERENCE EUROCONTROL: Tuesday: Europa Room General Assembly BRUMUN, Opening Ceremony, Declamation Semi-Final Orion Room Security Council BRUMUN Icare Room Press Office BRUMUN Lobby Area downstairs Approval Panel Friday: Europa Room General Assembly BRUMUN Phebus Room Security Council BRUMUN Castor Room Press Office BRUMUN Neptune Room Teachers and Committee EEB2: Wednesday and Thursday: The directions to the different conference rooms will be sign posted at the school. Also, administration staff are available to help you find your location. General Assembly 1: PFG1 (prefabs) General Assembly 2: PFG2 (prefabs) General Assembly 3: PFG3 (prefabs) General Assembly 4: PFG6 (prefabs) General Assembly 6: PFG7 (prefabs) Security Council: Titanic (main building) Please note that these rooms are subject to change, so please check this information prior to starting times on the actual days. 23
BRUSSELS MODEL UNITED NATIONS 2018 would like to thank our two venues for making this event possible: Also, a special thanks to all guest speakers and those who sent messages of support, to everyone who assisted this conference in so many ways, to the teachers from all schools who joined this event and to all students with us at this first ever BRUMUN conference we wish you all a really worthwhile learning experience and hope that you leave BRUMUN with lots of great memories. 24