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THE HINDU editorial Analysis in Hindi today EDITORIAL The Hindu Editorial Decode in Hindi DATE: 14 JULY 2018 SATURDAY UPSC IAS EXAMS YOUTUBE CHANNEL BY KARDAM RAVAL GENERAL STUDIES EXPERT WE BELIEVE IN DELIVERING EXCELLENCE
Today s Roadmap COMING HOME TO JAIL: ON THE REPATRIATION OF PRISONERS ACT, 2003 CONFERRING EMINENCE FUN FACT ANALYSIS VOCABULARY
FUN FACT The Numaligarh Refinery Ltd (NRL) has become the India s first oil Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) to introduce online legal compliance Legatrix. It is located in which state? [A] Assam [B] Manipur [C] West Bengal [D] Jharkhand CORRECT ANSWER BY MOHD SADIQ Ranthambore National Park is one of the biggest and most renowned national park in Northern India. The park is located in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan, which is about 130 km from Jaipur. Being considered as one of the famous and former hunting grounds of the Maharajas of Jaipur, today the Ranthambore National Park terrain is major wildlife tourist attraction spot that has pulled the attention of many wildlife photographers and lovers in this destination. Ranthambore National park is spread over an area of 392 sq km. along with its nearby sanctuaries like - the Mansingh Sanctuary and the Kaila Devi Sanctuary.The park is majorly famous for its tigers and is one of the best locations in India to see the majestic predators in its natural habitat. The tigers can be easily spotted even during the day time busy at their ordinary questhunting and taking proper care of their young ones.ranthambore is also counted as the famous heritage site because of the pictorial ruins that dot the wildlife park. Certainly, a visit to Ranthambore National Park is a treat for every wildlife and nature lover. The time spend on watching tigers roaming around, verdant greenery, a gamut of other species of chirpy birds and animals is priceless and worth enough to be explored at least once in a life. Which country is hosting the 17th World Sanskrit Conference (WSC-2018)? [A] India [B] Brazil [C] Australia [D] Canada
Coming home to jail: on the Repatriation of Prisoners Act, 2003 Two cases of repatriation of Indian nationals, the first being 52-yearold Ismail Samma of Gujarat, and the second, of a sick 21-year-old, Jetendaera Arjanwara of Madhya Pradesh, highlight the tribulations of being imprisoned in a foreign prison. While Ismail s imprisonment in Karachi, Pakistan, came to light last January after being given up for dead for nine years by his family, Jetendaera s case became known in May after five years of detention. In this time, the young man s physical and mental health had deteriorated and he suffered from a rare blood disease. Both men had accidentally crossed the border with Pakistan and were sentenced for illegal entry. They were detained well past their terms as a result of delayed consular attention and nationality verification.
Global conventions The right to return to one s home country is assured under Article 12(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. A sentence served in a foreign land, far away from family, familiar food and language, has been globally perceived to be more onerous than one served at home. Therefore, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963, provides for information to consulate, consular protection and consultation upon arrest, detention and during trial in a foreign country including entitlement to travel documents. Similarly, the UN Model Agreement on the Transfer of Foreign Prisoners and Recommendations on the Treatment of Foreign Prisoners 1985, lays emphasis on the social rehabilitation of foreign prisoners through early repatriation to their home countries to serve their remaining sentence.
CONTINUE The legacy of transfer of sentenced prisoners lies in the post-war humanitarian exchange of prisoners of war and in two UN Conventions of 2004 (against transnational organised crime and against corruption) which have laid emphasis on the issue of intercountry transfer of prisoners. Both anticipate, under Articles 17 and 45, respectively, that state parties may consider entering into bilateral or multilateral agreements for transfer to their territory of persons sentenced to imprisonment or other forms of deprivation of liberty for completion of their sentences. In consonance with these international humanitarian commitments, most countries have legislated on a Repatriation of Prisoners Act. The transfer framework under the Act is premised on the principles that an offence committed abroad is also an offence in the home country and the sentence implemented upon transfer shall not be aggravated.
Indian conditions India legislated its Repatriation of Prisoners Act in 2003, which came into force on January 1, 2004. The first part deals with the transfer of sentenced foreign national prisoners from India, while the second deals with the transfer of sentenced Indian nationals into India. It explains the eligibility for transfer, the transfer process and obligations upon the transferring and receiving states with regard to consent, communication and custody of a prisoner. Every sentenced foreign prisoner in an Indian prison and every Indian national in a prison abroad is technically eligible for repatriation to a prison in their home country under these conditions: they are willing; have no pending appeals; the offence is not an offence under military law; the sentence is not a death sentence; they have at least six months of their sentence still left to serve, and their transfer has the consent of both treaty countries.
CONTINUE India has taken steps for reciprocal transfers under the Act by developing a Standard Draft Agreement, signing 30 bilateral transfer agreements and entering into transfer arrangements with signatories of the Inter-American Convention on Serving Criminal Sentences Abroad and the Council of Europe s Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This brings at least 50 more countries into a co-operative administration of justice framework. However, despite the call of alarming numbers and the scope of treaties, there were only nine foreign prisoners repatriated from India in 2015, six from the U.K. and one each from France, Germany and the UAE.
CONCLUSION Between 2003 and March 2018, only 63 of 171 prisoner applicants abroad have been transferred to India. Effecting transfers under the Repatriation of Prisoners Act, presents a win-win situation for India as it need not spend unduly on the housing of foreign national prisoners. It can also save the cost of providing consular services abroad by bringing back Indian prisoners. It can simultaneously satisfy the public expectation of bringing nationals home and the meeting of international humanitarian commitments.
Conferring eminence In its report on higher education for the Twelfth Plan, the working group of the erstwhile Planning Commission identified expansion, inclusion and excellence as the three pillars for growth. The NDA government had the theme of excellence in its 2016 annual budget, with a proposal to make 10 institutions each in the public and private sectors globally competitive. The challenge of excellence is to develop liberal institutions founded on academic rigour, high scholarship and equitable access for all classes of students. Quite ambitiously, the Ministry of Human Resource Development has taken the decision to give Institution of Eminence (IoE) status to six institutes, three each from the public and private sectors. Potentially, this will help the select few rise above the many State, Central and private universities, national-level institutes of technology, science, management and humanities, and attract talent.
CONTINUE While it is a creditable achievement, the recognition raises the bar for the chosen few: the IITs at Mumbai and Delhi and the IISc in the public category, and BITS Pilani and the Manipal Academy of Higher Education, which are private. Giving the tag to Jio Institute, which is yet to come up, generated understandable controversy. It should be ensured that this conditional recognition is fulfilled transparently, and that it meets the requirements on governance structure, infrastructure and faculty within three years. The idea of developing centres of higher learning advances the Nehruvian vision of building temples of modern India. The IoEs can become models of autonomy, academic innovation and equity of access, and lead to a transformation of higher education.
CONTINUE That there is need for urgent reform became clear during the selection process: the empowered committee found that State universities had a low output because some of them had several faculty members recruited on contract basis, with no incentive to do research. Such ad hocism must end, and public universities should be insulated from political pressures. Vice-chancellors should be appointed on merit, free of ideological biases. With good governance structures and significant new financial grants, the selected public institutions will be able to innovate on courses and encourage research. The growth of these and other national institutions will also depend on policies to raise the expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP. Among countries with a comparable research output, India with 0.8% R&D spending trails Russia, Brazil, South Korea and even Singapore, according to Unesco data.
CONCLUSION Islands of eminence can inspire, but the long-term goal should be to raise the quality of higher education in all institutions through academic reform. The quality is uneven, and at the bottom levels, abysmal. At the same time, initiatives by charitable trusts which have declined due to political support for commercialisation and aid cuts must be welcomed, as this would help open more affordable colleges and universities.
VOCABULARY 1. PLURALITY (NOUN): (अध कत ): multiplicity 2. COUNTERPRODUCTIVE (ADJECTIVE): (उल ट ): biased 3. BAROQUE (ADJECTIVE): (सज वट ): decorative 4. AMICABLE (ADJECTIVE): (स श ऱ): friendly 5. ALTERCATION (NOUN): (ववव द): wordy quarrel 6. AIL (VERB): (सत न ): hurt 7. DAPPLED (ADJECTIVE): (ध तकबर ): checkered 8. ADVERT (VERB): (ध य न द न ): address 9. ASPERSION (NOUN): (कऱ क): verbal exhibition of bad temper 10. SPURT (NOUN): (हऱ ऱ): commotion
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