BECOMING A WORLD POWER CHAPTER 10 IMPERIALISM THE PRESSURE TO EXPAND Americans had always sought to expand the size of their nation, and throughout the 19th century they extended their control toward the Pacific Ocean. However, by the 1880s, many American leaders had become convinced that the United States should join the imperialist powers of Europe and establish colonies overseas. Imperialism the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories was already a trend around the world. (Source: https:// sites.google.com/a/jpsonline.org/krepps/) 1
TERMS TO CONSIDER 1. Imperialism: Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations 2. Nationalism: belief that one nation s goals are superior to other nations European nations had a spirit of nationalism This causes other countries to protect their interests WHY IMPERIALISM DEVELOPED 4 FACTORS 1. Economic Factors Desire for new Markets Manufacturing countries need more natural resources and markets to trade/ sell/buy goods 2. Military Factors Desire for Military Strength Growing navies need military bases worldwide need to protect their interests abroad 2
WHY IMPERIALISM DEVELOPED 4 FACTORS 3. Nationalist Factors Nationalism drives countries to compete for new colonies Global Competition with European nations 4. Humanitarian Factors Westerners believe in spreading Western ideas and Christianity MANIFEST DESTINY & MONROE DOCTRINE Manifest Destiny says it s the fate of the United States to expand across North America Monroe Doctrine is the idea to keep the Western Hemisphere FREE from European Invasion Becomes the key focus of U.S. Foreign Policy for many years. Both justifications for U.S. actions 3
4
ALASKA U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million. Alaska is declared a U.S. territory in 1867 Becomes a state in 1959 HAWAII Hawaii is used as a refueling station for ships heading to China Has money-making sugar plantations owned by U.S. businesses U.S. builds a military base at Pearl Harbor in 1887 Becomes a U.S. territory in 1897 Becomes a state in 1959 5
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR 1. America wanted to help free Cuba from Spanish rule. a. Cuba wants independence from Spain b. Cuban rebels engage in guerilla attacks c. Spain sends an army to fight back 2. The United States also became involved to protect American businesses in Cuba (sugar plantations) SPANISH AMERICAN WAR USS Maine: explosion on the ship kills more than 250 people Americans are outraged and call for war (think of yellow journalism) The Spanish-American War begins on May 1, 1898, when American warships attack and destroy the Spanish Pacific fleet. Two months later the U.S. ships sink the Spanish Atlantic fleet. Spain is defeated. 6
POST SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Treaty of Paris The United States gains control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam all formerly Spanish held colonies. These are all unincorporated territories meaning they were never meant to become states POST SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Gains in the Pacific for the United States The United States annexes Hawaii in 1898 By 1900 America is no longer isolated. 7
PANAMA CANAL ADVANTAGES 1. Canal would allow the US the ability to move quickly in a time of war 2. Would also allow for quicker access to global markets 3. Military--U.S. needed to protect foreign investments BIG STICK DIPLOMACY PRESIDENT TEDDY ROOSEVELT Roosevelt Corollary Teddy Roosevelt extension of the Monroe Doctrine relied on military force to expand America asserted the U.S. s right to intervene in Latin American countries 8
DOLLAR DIPLOMACY PRESIDENT TAFT Relied on economic force instead of military force to expand American Power Causes anger and resentment in Latin America Open Door Policy: opens up access to China s markets and manufactured goods. Moral Diplomacy MORAL DIPLOMACY PRESIDENT WILSON U.S. had $1 billion in investments in Mexico Supported Democracy in Mexico U.S. became involved in the Mexican Revolution The U.S. has a moral obligation to support democracy around the world. 9
ARGUMENTS FOR IMPERIALISM 1. Promotes Economic Growth Economy would benefit from more markets so we sought new markets overseas. 2. Protect American Security Military would gain power by having bases around the world 3. Preserving the American Spirit renew the American Spirit. 1. **Americans need a new frontier to spread American ideals of liberty and democracy ARGUMENTS AGAINST IMPERIALISM 1. People in territories under American control will be denied their liberties 2. Racist beliefs are used to justify controlling other nations 3. Overseas involvement is expensive, leading to higher taxes and debts 4. United States has enough problems at home, should not take on more responsibilities 10