Period 4: (1800-1848) Chapter 12: 2 nd War of Independence/Upsurge in Nationalism (1812-1824) EQ: What economic, political and social challenges did the new nation face in its infancy in the early 19 th Century? Objectives: 1. Analyze the political impact that of the War of 1812 had on foreign policy. 2. Examine the internal conflict that the US faced in its infancy dealing with slavery. 3. Evaluate students by completing an assignment on The Burning of Buffalo. Chapter 12 Word Bank: 1. (1811) Battle of Tippecanoe 8. Era of Good Feelings 2. (1813) Battle of Lake Erie 9. Great Triumvirate DONT Give Up The Ship 10. (1819) Adams-Onis Treaty 3. (1814-15) The Hartford Convention 11. (1820) Missouri Compromise 4. (1815) Battle of New Orleans 12. (1823) Monroe Doctrine 5. Henry Clay s American System 13. John Marshall s Court (1801-35) 6. (1825) Erie Canal 7. Antebellum Period
Period 4: (1800-1848) Chapter 12: 2 nd War of Independence/Upsurge in Nationalism (1812-1824) British Impressment will lead to war. The Erie Canal will help ship goods west. Marshall s Court will increase national power over the states.
Tecumseh s Confederacy (GREEN AREA) Tecumseh
I. The War of 1812 2 Main Causes: A. (1811) Battle of Tippecanoe: US against Tecumseh s (Shawnee) Confederacy (IN). 1. US forces realized that GB supplied Native Americans w/ weapons. William Henry Harrison led US Forces British Brown Bess (1722-1838) Tecumseh
B. GB WAS STILL IMPRESSING OUR SAILORS! 1. President Madison (D-R) asked Congress for A Declaration of War.? 2. US led a 3-pronged failed attack Canada: (GB s Blockade) a. Detroit, Fort Niagara and Lake Champlain Ross (6/18/1812) Madison gets his Declaration of War. George Cockburn
British Impressment
II. Important War of 1812 Events: A. (1813) Buffalo destroyed. (British/Iroquois?) B. (1813) Battle of Lake Erie: Oliver Hazard Perry: Dont Give Up The Ship! US 9-GB 6 C. (1814) Washington DC: Presidents Mansion/Capitol burnt (Gen. Robert Ross) D. (1814) Battle of Baltimore(Fort McHenry) Key s Star-Spangled Banner (Ross KIA) British Burning The President s Mansion (White House) Payback for burning York, Ontario
British Burnt The President s Mansion (White House) Payback for burning York, Ontario
British Burnt The Capitol Building Payback for burning York, Ontario
Oliver H. Perry abandons the sinking of The Lawrence Dolley Madison saves portrait of GW painted by Gilbert Stuart
E. (1814) Battle of Plattsburgh (NY): US Naval victory ended GB invasion of North F. (1814) Treaty of Ghent (Belgium) ended the war. G. (1814-15) The Hartford Convention: 1. NE opposed the war (secession) 2. NE traded with GB (Federalists disbanded) H. (1815) Battle of New Orleans: Gen. Andrew Jackson defended the city. (1814) Battle of Plattsburgh
(1815) Battle of New Orleans
III. Effects from The War: A. Neutrality was justified. (What did the US really win?) B. Native Americans lost their GB ally. C. American nationalism & the economy grew (Blockade was lifted).
IV. Henry Clay s (D-R switches Whig) American System had 3 provisions: A. Create better transportations systems: For trade and defense. 1. (1825) NY Gov. DeWitt Clinton The Erie Canal (Albany to Buffalo) Impact? B. Protective tariff: To protect American Industry. C. (1816) 2 nd National Bank: 1 st Bank s charter expired in 1811. Clay Clinton
V. Era of Good Feelings (James Monroe D-R) won in 1816 & 1820 no real opponent.? A. Great Triumvirate: Problems with Antebellum Sectionalism (tariff/bank). 1. North: (Daniel Webster; W-MA) Senator (1827-1841) 2. South: (John Calhoun; D-SC); Sec. of War (1817+);VP JQ Adams & Jackson 3. West: (Henry Clay; W-KY); Speaker of the House (1811-20; 1825-29) Daniel Webster (W-MA) Anti-slavery Henry Clay (W-KY) Compromised on Slavery John Calhoun (D-SC) Pro-slavery
Antebellum Sectionalism: Period BEFORE The Civil War NATIONAL POWER vs. STATES RIGHTS??? WEST: Economy & Political: Mining Anti-Bank Railroads Slavery Expansion : Based on popular sovereignty NORTH: Economy: Political: Industry National Power Anti- Slavery Pro-Bank Many Factories Pro-Protective Tariff Many Railroads Economy: Plantations Slavery Few Factories Few Railroads SOUTH: Political: States Rights Anti-Bank Anti-Protective Tariff
B. Panic of 1819: Wars + bad land speculation= stalled economy/ unemployment. C. (1816+) Seminole Wars: Gen. Andrew Jackson steals FL from Spain (Monroe?) Jackson was sent to end Native attacks on GA-FL border, but 1819 FL is annexed! (1845 statehood)
1. (1819) Adams-Onís Treaty : Est. western boundary with Spain.
D. (1820) Missouri Compromise: MO slave state & ME free state; keeps balance? 1. Outlawed slavery north of the 36-30 line of latitude in the *LP. (MO) * Louisiana Purchase Any Precedents? This Compromise keeps the balance in Congress: Henry Clay The Great 12 Free States & 12 Slave States Compromiser est. The Missouri Compromise.
E. (1823) The Monroe Doctrine (J.Q. Adams) Protected US eco-political interests. 1. Prohibited new European colonization in the Western Hemisphere 2. (1824) Russo-American Treaty: 54-40 line Russia s boundary. (Alaska s south tip) Enforced? Buffer? Written By Sec. of State John Quincy Adams
(1824) Russo-American Treaty
F. John Marshall s (F) Court (1801-1835) 1. Increased the power of the national govt. OVER THE STATES! a. (1810) Fletcher v. Peck: SC can rule a state law unconstitutional (Reinforced?) b. (1819) Dartmouth College v. Woodward: No state can make a law changing a contract. (1810) Fletcher v. Peck Marshall
c. (1819) McCulloch v. Maryland: No state can tax a national bank. d. (1821) Cohens v. Virginia: State laws contradicting national laws are void. e. (1823) Gibbons v. Ogden: Congress regulates interstate trade (NY/NJ steamships) (1823) Gibbons v. Ogden
(1819) McCulloch v. Maryland