Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: i Document: P-62/SIA Date: November 2009 Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents... i 1.0 INTRODUCTION... 3 1.1 Index Map of the Project Area... 3 1.2 Project Background... 4 1.3 Description of Project Road... 4 1.4 Need for Social Impact Assessment (SIA)... 4 1.5 Objectives of this Report... 5 1.6 Objective of Consultancy Services... 6 1.7 Stages of Completion... 6 1.8 Structure of the Report... 6 2.0 METHODOLOGY... 8 2.1 Introduction... 8 2.2 Reconnaissance Survey... 8 2.3 Primary Data Collection and Analysis... 8 2.4 Consultation of Secondary Sources... 8 2.5 Verification Exercise... 9 2.6 Public Consultations... 9 3.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA... 10 3.1 Introduction... 10 3.2 Profile of the Area... 10 3.2.1 Demography... 10 3.2.2 Economy... 11 4.0 FINDINGS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY (SES)... 14 4.1 Introduction... 14 4.2 Socio-Economic Survey... 14 4.3 Objective of SES... 14 4.4 Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Project Area... 14 4.4.1 Impact on Private Properties... 14 4.4.3 Religious/ Common Properties Structures... 15 4.4.4 Squatters on the Road... 15 4.4.6 Impact on Project Affected Families (PAFs)... 17 5.0 RESETTLEMENT POLICIES & LEGAL FRAMEWORK... 18 5.1 Introduction... 18 5.2 Proposed Resettlement & Rehabilitation Guidelines for NH Projects... 18 5.3 Definition of Relevant Terminology... 19 6.0 STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION & CONSULTATIONS... 21 6.1 Introduction... 21 6.2 Local Level Consultation... 21 7.0 GENDER IMPACT OF THE PROJECT... 23 7.1 Backdrop... 23 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT i
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: ii Document: P-62/SIA Date: November 2009 Contents 7.2 Gender Impacts of the Project... 23 8.0 HIV/ AIDS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING RISKS... 26 8.1 General... 26 8.2 Local Context... 26 8.3 Current Status & Project Impacts... 27 8.3.1 HIV/ AIDS Risks... 27 8.3.2 Human Trafficking Risks... 28 8.4 Summing Up... 28 9.0 R & R BUDGET... 29 10.0 CONCLUSION... 31 10.1 Need for the Project... 31 10.2 Project Impacts... 31 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT ii
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 3 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-1 Date: November 2009 Introduction 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Index Map of the Project Area INDIA UTTAR PRADESH PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT LOCATION AGRA HATHRAS ALIGARH SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 3
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 4 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-1 Date: November 2009 Introduction 1.2 Project Background The Department of Road Transport & Highways (DoRT & H), Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRT&H), Government of India (GOI) represented by the Director General (Road Development) & Special Secretary to GOI (the Authority ) is engaged in the development and maintenance of National Highways and as part of this endeavor, the Authority has decided to undertake Two laning with paved shoulder and provision of capacity augmentation to four lane from Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 in the state of Uttar Pradesh (the Project ) through Public Private Partnership on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (the DBFOT ) basis.. MoRT&H has assigned the Consultancy services for carrying out preparation of Feasibility Report and Tender Document to M/s Construma Consultancy Pvt. Ltd in JV with Chaitanya Project Consultancy Pvt. Ltd. The agreement for the Consultancy services was signed on June 25 th and the project preparation activities commenced subsequently. 1.3 Description of Project Road The Index Map is enclosed at Fig. 1.1. The project road starts from km 0 of NH-93 at Agra and ends at km 79 of NH-93 at Aligarh thus making total length of a 79 km. The entire project road lies in the State of Uttar Pradesh. 1.4 Need for Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Social impact Assessment (SIA) can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts of proposed project relative to the physical, cultural and socioeconomic components of the total environment. The primary purpose of SIA process is to encourage the consideration of the socio-environment in planning and decision making and to ultimately arrive at actions which are more socio-economically compatible. In India, Road traffic is growing at a considerable pace. According to estimates, traffic on road is growing at a rate of 7 to 10 percent annum. The Indian road network is divided into three main categories: a) National Highways (Interstate) b) State Highways c) Rural and Urban roads Road development leads to economic growth, connects people and provides for speedy and safe travel. However, road development has its negative impacts in the form of acquisition of land and property, leading to loss or diminished livelihood or loss or impact to homestead of both. In development projects such as widening and strengthening of roads, irrigation canal etc., the impact in not concentrated to a particular place like in a reservoir project, but is SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 4
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 5 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-1 Date: November 2009 Introduction linearly disturbed. Therefore a large number of people are likely to be impacted though the degree of impact on each person is correspondingly less. Good resettlement planning and management provides a safeguard against such risk. It can also open up a range of new opportunities to improve the incomes and living conditions of those affected, turning involuntary displacement into a development opportunity. The new road policy covers all aspects of road design, construction, maintenance and management of highway resources. It include engineering, economic, environmental and social impacts due to land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation of Project Affected Persons (PAPs), tree planting, way side amenities, bus bays and truck terminals, road safety, training, research and development. It also focuses in institutional strengthening of the Department, and capacity building among Engineers, Consultants and Contractors. The Project road for conducting feasibility study and preparation of preliminary and detailed project report for widening and upgrading of the National Highways falls in the State of Uttar Pradesh and is a section of NH-93 which is proposed to be developed through Public Private Partnership (PPP). The project road traverses through the three districts namely Agra, Hathras and Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh State. Main towns and villages along the project road include Sadabad, Hathras, and Sasni Town. In many development projects, some people or group of people of entire community is directly or indirectly benefited and some are adversely affected (Directly of indirectly) by the project, therefore social impact assessment is essential to identify these individuals or section of the community or in some cases entire community. Although the project contributes to some positive benefits, it will have some adverse impacts associated with land acquisitions and displacement of people. In order to deal with those adverse impacts, social impact assessment is being carried out in accordance with prevailing norms and Government policies operational directives of the reputed agencies. 1.5 Objectives of this Report The objective of Social impact Assessment (SIA) is to generate information on the socioeconomic profile of the project population in terms of information on their income levels, occupations, education levels, health conditions, poverty incidence etc., above all their living standards. In addition, the assessment also aimed at assessing the how the widening and improvement of the road will improve benefits for local population as well as the potential adverse impacts, if any. Primary purposes behind SIA study are: To facilitate the incorporation of the socio-environment as a factor in project decision making, along with engineering and economic factors. To arrive at actions that is socially more compatible To enable highway expansion related social issues to be presented before the public and ensure public participation in decision making. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 5
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 6 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-1 Date: November 2009 Introduction To help in identifying management and mitigation measures. 1.6 Objective of Consultancy Services The objective of this consultancy is to undertake feasibility studies and prepare a Feasibility Report to the Project Highway for the purpose of firming up the Authority s requirements in respect of development and construction of the Project Highway and Project Facilities and enabling the prospective bidders to assess the Authority s requirements in a clear and predictable manner with a view to ensuring: i) Enhanced safety and level of service for the road users;. ii) Superior operation and maintenance enabling enhanced operational efficiency of the Project Highway; iii) Minimal adverse impact on the local population and road users due to road construction; iv) Minimal adverse impact on environment; v) Minimal additional acquisition of land; and vi) Phased development of the Project Highway for improving its financial viability consistent with the need to minimise frequent inconvenience to traffic that may be caused if additional works are undertaken within a period of seven years from the commencement of construction of the Project Highway. 1.7 Stages of Completion Project preparation activities will be split into seven stages as mentioned below. Preliminary design work would commence without waiting for feasibility study to be completed. This report pertains to Stage V of the Project. Stage I - Inception Report Stage II-Report on Alignment and First Traffic Survey Stage III-Report on Land Plan Schedules and Utility Relocation Stage IV- Report on Indicative GAD of structures Stage V-Report on Environment and Social Impact Assessment Stage VI-Draft Feasibility Report and Schedules to the Concession Agreement Stage VII-Final Feasibility Report The stages will generally follow a sequence though stages are inter-related and interdependent on one another. 1.8 Structure of the Report Chapter 1.0 Introduction Chapter 2.0 Methodology Chapter 3.0 Socio-economic Profile of the Project Area SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 6
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 7 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-1 Date: November 2009 Introduction Chapter 4.0 Findings of Socio-Economic Survey (SES) Chapter 5.0 Resettlement Policies & Legal Framework Chapter 6.0 Stakeholders Participation & Consultations Chapter 7.0 Gender Impact of the Project Chapter 8.0 HIV/ AIDS and Human Trafficking Risks Chapter 9.0 R & R Budget Chapter 10.0 Conclusion SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 7
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 8 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-2 Date: November 2009 Methodology 2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Introduction Both primary and secondary methods of study were adopted for the preparation of this report. Various stages at which study were conducted are as follows:- Reconnaissance survey Primary data were collected through physically survey Secondary data (Handbook of Census 2001, Agra, Hathras and Aligarh district) Consultations with various stakeholders and Public Consultation Meeting (PCMs) 2.2 Reconnaissance Survey A reconnaissance of the entire stretch was undertaken together with engineering and environmental teams. The purpose of the reconnaissance was to have an overview of the likely extent of impact on people because of the impending development work of the highway. 2.3 Primary Data Collection and Analysis The survey also brought out issues pertaining to the existing road, which traverses through many settlements where ROW is limited varying between 15-40m. The survey was conducted within the proposed ROW for the Agra-Aligarh section to understand social impact of the project and the likely impact of the project road widening and a broad overview of the socio-economic profile of the project area. Simultaneously, a team comprising social and environmental experts, field investigators, surveyors and engineers carried out physical survey of the entire length of the project stretch to measure land and structures to be affected by the widening and strengthening of the project road. 2.4 Consultation of Secondary Sources The secondary data/information was collected from various government and non-government agencies so as to verify the ground realities and comprehend the socio-economic characteristics, physical features and cultural set-up of the project area before undertaking detailed field investigations. The relevant documents like the Handbook of Census 2001. District Gazetteer, Statistical Handbooks, Census publications were collected along with various published/unpublished reports on the issues, which helped in the preparation of the Social Impact Assessment. The information pertaining to land rates was collected from Registrar office so as to ascertain the prevailing land estimates in the project area. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 8
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 9 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-2 Date: November 2009 Methodology 2.5 Verification Exercise Details of ROW along the project road were collected from the PWD Department. A format was used to record the relevant information on squatters and encroachers. The verification included collection of information on the structure, its type and use and portion within ROW. The information collected on field was only used in estimating the PAPs within the COI. 2.6 Public Consultations The Public Consultations for the consultancy Agra-Aligarh section was mainly held at the local level i.e. at the village level so as to incorporate the perceptions of the stakeholders in the planning stage of the project. The consultations organized at village level explored various issues related to the location of conservation of religious/cultural structures, the loss of sources of livelihood, the loss of residential structure, etc wherein providing key inputs in finalizing the design and measures for developing the mitigate plan. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 9
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 10 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-3 Date: November 2009 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area 3.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA 3.1 Introduction A study of the socio-economic profiles of the regions comprising the project influence area (PIA) provides an overview of the factors likely to influence the pattern of economic development and hence the flows and volumes of traffic on the proposed highway. The details include population, occupational structure, urbanisation, sectoral growth, and targeted growth rates of the economy. The profiles help to generate basic inputs for the estimation of future growth in transport demand on the basis of past scenarios, perspective changes in transport demand elasticities and economic growth rates. The Sex ratio is an important indicator of migration and gender equity (in a developing country context) since it helps to point out the employment opportunity in a given district. Literacy rate is a significant indicator of any district or states economic as well as social development status. The higher literacy rate indicates higher awareness and vice versa. 3.2 Profile of the Area The project road would carry inter-regional, inter-city and intra-pia traffic in varied proportions. The PIA for the 2- laning with paved shoulders of NH-93 from Agra to Aligarh comprises of the districts of UP in Agra, Hathras & Aligarh. These districts have close socio-economic interaction and account for a large part of the originating and terminating traffic. The study of the socio-economic profile of UP is first taken up with focus on Agra & Aligarh districts, followed by Hathras district. 3.2.1 Demography Uttar Pradesh continues to be the state with the largest population in the country even after the creation of Uttarakhand state. The population of the state in 2001 was 166.1 million - 16.2 percent of the country's population. The geographical area of the state now stands at 241, 000 square km. It is the fifth largest state in India, comprising 70 districts, 807 development blocks, and 97,134 inhabited villages. Of the total population, 79 percent is rural and 21 percent urban. The pace of urbanization has been far lower in this state than in most other states. The urban population is concentrated in 703 towns/cities, while the rural population is spread over 97 thousand villages. The demographic features of the state of Uttar Pradesh are presented in Table 3.1. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 10
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 11 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-3 Date: November 2009 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area Census Year 1971 1981 1991 2001 Population (000) 75952 90963 111506 131540 Table 3.1: Demographic Features of Uttar Pradesh Rural Urban Total Annual Growth (percent) - 1.82 2.06 1.16 Population (000) 12389 19899 27606 34513 Annual Growth (percent) - 4.85 3.33 2.26 Sources: Statistical Abstract, UP, Uttar Pradesh at a Glance Population (000) 88341 110862 139112 166053 Annual Growth (percent) - 2.30 2.30 1.79 Population Density (Persons/ The population density in the state, 689 persons per square km, is higher than that of most other states. The increase in population in the two decades, 1971-81 and 1981-91, was almost the same, at 25.49 percent and 25.48 percent respectively. The decadal growth rate of population for 1991-2001 was 25.8 percent, as against the all-india figure of 21 percent. The growth of population between 1971 and 2001 has been higher than for the country as a whole. However, the average annual growth rate of urban population in the state during the decade 1981-1991 had declined to 3.3 percent as against 4.8 percent attained during 1971-81. Between 1991 and 2001, the rate stood at 2.87 percent km 2 ) 300 377 473 689 District-wise Population and Growth Rate of Uttar Pradesh - 2001 District Population Males Females Sex-ratio (F/M) Growth rate (1991-2001) Agra 3,611,301 1,949,775 1,661,526 852 31.27 Hathras 1,333,372 718,288 615,084 856 18.32 Aligarh 2,990,388 1,607,222 1,383,166 861 22.08 Uttar Pradesh 166,052,859 87,466,301 78,586,558 898 25.80 Source : Census of India, 2001 3.2.2 Economy The Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) of Uttar Pradesh, at current prices, increased from Rs. 709347 million in 1993-94 to Rs. 1704236.5 million in 2002-03. In real terms, NSDP grew at 4.2 percent per annum. The annual average growth of the state economy and of per capita income was, respectively, 3.2 percent and 1.4 percent during the Eighth Plan, and 2.5 percent and 0.4 percent in the first four years (1997-98 to 2000-01) of the Ninth Plan. The per capita income in 2000-01, at current prices, for the state at Rs. 9223 is lower than the all-india average of Rs.16563. Per capita income in constant prices in 2000-01 is estimated at SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 11
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 12 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-3 Date: November 2009 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area Rs. 5707 for Uttar Pradesh growing at the rate of 1.71 percent since 1993-94. Against this, for the nation as a whole, the corresponding per capita income in 2000-01 is estimated at Rs. 10312, growing at the average rate of 4.24 since 1993-94. Detailed information on SDP and per capita income is presented in Table 2.5 Uttar Pradesh At current Prices Table 2.5: Net State Domestic Product (in million Rupees) 1993-94 1995 96 2000-01 2002-03 At constant Prices At current Prices At constan t Prices At current Prices At constan t Prices At current Prices At constant Prices NSDP 709347 709347 928109.7 770463.1 1516833.0 938648.5 1704236.5 1028114.0 State Income * All India 5066 5066 6331 5256 9223 5707 9895 5965 NSDP 6859120 6859120 9418610 7878090 16878180 10508910 19952290 11567140 Per Capita National Income 7707 7707 10171 8508 16563 10312 18876 10943 Source: Economic Survey, CSO statistics. * Per Capital Rs. Agriculture Agriculture is the largest sector in the economy of the state in terms of both income and employment. However, its share in total workers of the state is far higher than its share in total income. The agricultural sector grew at a rate of 2.5 percent per annum between 1980-81 and 1997-98. In more recent years - between 1993-94 and 1999-2000 - the growth rate has been 2.1 percent. The state's share in the country's net sown area and gross cropped area was 12.1 percent and 3.9 percent respectively in 1992-93. The net sown area per cultivator in 1990-91 in the state was only 0.79 hectare against all India average of 1.28 hectares. Agriculture in the state is characterised by the preponderance of marginal holdings. Between 1950-51 and 2000-01, the total cultivated area under food and non-food crops in the state grew at a rate of 0.47 percent per annum. In the period between 1990-91 and 2000-01, however, the growth rate became negative. The area under non-food crops has increased at a faster pace than that under non-food crops. The cropping pattern in Uttar Pradesh is dominated by food grains. In 1994-95, out of the total gross cropped area of 25.28 million hectares, food grains accounted for 20.45 million hectares i.e. nearly 81 percent. The increase in food grains production was 12.9 percent during 1985-90 and 9.6 percent in 1992-96, yielding average annual increases of 2.5 percent and 2.3 percent respectively in these periods. Sugarcane, potato and oil seeds are the three main commercial crops in the state. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 12
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 13 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-3 Date: November 2009 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area Tourism Uttar Pradesh has an unmatched heritage of culture, art, architecture, mythology, music and literature evolved over the years. The state has a number of sacred pilgrimage and religious such as Ayodhya and Vrindavan. Lucknow and Varanasi are popular tourist places. Within the PIA, Agra is of special tourist interest. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 13
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 14 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-4 Date: November 2009 Findings of Socio-Economic survey ( SES ) 4.0 FINDINGS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY (SES) 4.1 Introduction This chapter presents an analysis of the findings of the Socio-Economic survey undertaken during the course of Social Impact Assessment (SIA). The purpose of this analysis is to develop socio-economic profile of the population and communities of the project region and the impact of the core road project construction on them. 4.2 Socio-Economic Survey A Socio-Economic survey (SES) was conducted during the month of September-October 2009 on the proposed project road of 79 Km covering Agra, Hathras & Aligarh districts through which the road is passing in the state of Uttar Pradesh. 4.3 Objective of SES The objective of SES was to generate information on the Socio-Economic profile of the project population in terms of information on their income levels, occupations, education levels, health conditions, poverty incidence, quality of life, cast, religion etc. In addition, the survey also aimed at assessing, how the project road construction will improve benefits for local population as well as the potential adverse impacts, if any. 4.4 Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Project Area This section describes socio-economic features for comparative analysis at different levels. 4.4.1 Impact on Private Properties The primary survey data reveals that private properties e.g. residential, commercial and residential cum commercial properties would be affected due to land acquisition for the widening and strengthening of the project road. Table 4.1 indicates the present use and typology of structures likely to be affected. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 14
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 15 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-4 Date: November 2009 Findings of Socio-Economic survey ( SES ) Use of structure Table 4.1 - Present use and type of structures Pucca No. of structures Semi - pucca Kutcha Tinned (GI sheet) Residential 2 - - - 2 Commercial - - - - - Residential cum commercial 5 - - - 5 Others - - - - - Total 7 - - - 7 Total 4.4.3 Religious/ Common Properties Structures The total number of 58 Common Property Resources (CPRs) are likely to be affected; out of which, major impact would be on Bus stand e.g 16 hand pump, of which 11 on the right side and 5 on the left side are situated on project road. Table-4.2 provides detail on the impact on CPRs on the project road. Table 4.2 Common Property Resources likely to be affected Direction CPR Left Right Total Temple 16 19 35 MOSQUE 2-2 School 2 2 4 Bus stand -1-1 Hand pump 5 11 16 Tap water - - 58 4.4.4 Squatters on the Road Total 64 squatters are found in Agra-Aligarh stretch. The squatter are losing their livelihood as they are running their shops on the existing road. The widening and strengthening of the road would make an impact on livelihood of the squatters as indicated in Table-4.3. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 15
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 16 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-4 Date: November 2009 Findings of Socio-Economic survey ( SES ) Existing Chainage Side Table 4.3: Impact on Squatters No. of shops squatter Distance from centre of road 0+000 L 2 4.0 0+100 R 2 5.0 0+675 L 1 4.8 1+275 L 1 5.0 2+100 R 2 4.2 2+200 L 2 5.7 4+600 R 2 5.5 4+625 L 2 4.8 5+725 R 1 4.5 7+100 R 1 4.0 7+500 R 1 4.2 7+550 L 1 4.8 11+250 R 1 5.8 11+975 L 1 5.0 12+600 L 1 4.8 12+650 R 1 4.5 17+400 L 1 5.2 17+450 R 1 4.8 20+225 R 1 5.2 20+390 L 1 4.5 20+980 R 1 4.0 25+100 L 2 5.0 25+800 L 1 5.5 26+700 R 1 4.8 26+800 L 1 4.5 27+500 L 1 5.0 27+600 R 1 4.8 28+450 R 2 5.5 28+450 L 1 5.7 33+400 L 1 4.8 33+450 R 1 5.0 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 16
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 17 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-4 Date: November 2009 Findings of Socio-Economic survey ( SES ) Existing No. of shops Side Chainage squatter Distance from centre of road 37+350 L 1 4.2 40+500 R 1 5.0 42+800 R 1 4.5 43+900 L 1 5.2 43+950 R 1 5.0 44+875 L 1 4.8 44+900 R 1 4.3 48+200 L 2 4.2 48+250 R 2 5.0 50+700 R 1 4.9 56+600 L 2 5.2 56+700 L 2 5.6 57+250 L 1 5.1 58+100 L 1 4.9 64+300 R 1 4.3 74+500 R 1 4.2 76+100 L 1 4.5 78+850 R 2 5.2 78+890 L 2 4.2 Total 64 4.4.6 Impact on Project Affected Families (PAFs) Total no. of 225 families including 1202 persons are likely to be impacted due to widening and strengthening of the existing corridor. The Table-4.5 indicates major impact of the project would be on families having agriculture activities as their occupation (168 Nos.) followed by families running their commercial activities (15 Nos.). Table 4.5: Impact on Project Affected Families Item PAFs (Nos.) PAPs (Nos.) Residential 25 125 Commercial 15 150 Residential cum Commercial 17 255 Boundary wall - - Agriculture 168 672 Total 225 1202 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 17
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 18 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-5 Date: November 2009 Resettlement Policies & legal Framework 5.0 RESETTLEMENT POLICIES & LEGAL FRAMEWORK 5.1 Introduction Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (M/oRT&H) is preparing the portion of NH-93 from Agra to Aligarh which is already having 2-lane carriageway configuration based on the National Policy on Resettlement & Rehabilitation for project-affected families (NPRR-2003). Accordingly capacity augmentation of the existing 2-lane highway to 2-lane highway with paved shoulders under DBFO scheme was conceived and Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (M/oRT&H), has been entrusted to implement the task. The project road starts from Km 0+000 of NH-93 and ends at Km 79+000 of NH-93, thus making a total length of about 79.000 km. The published NPRR document by the Ministry of Rural Development, GOI entitlement outlines a framework to provide additional assistance over and above the compensation provided for acquisition of land under the LA Act, 1894 or any other Act in force for project affected and displaced families. Further, the policy framework describes the principles and approach to be followed in minimizing and mitigating negative socio-economic impacts caused by the project. The policy recognizes the need to give additional benefits to the affected families in view of the losses suffered due to acquisition of land, home, assets and means of livelihood. The preamble of the policy also recognizes the landless agricultural workers, forest dwellers, tenants, and artisans who suffer the most due to the loss of sources of livelihood, and to whom no cash compensation is admissible. 5.2 Proposed Resettlement & Rehabilitation Guidelines for NH Projects The principle of the R & R policy is the guiding philosophy to provide a development approach to resettle and rehabilitate the people affected by the project. In particular Wherever possible displacement will be reduced or avoid altogether by sensitive design of civil works (e.g. alternative designs or modifications to the design) Where displacement is unavoidable, those displaced will have their living standards improved. They will be located as a single unit among the peer groups or will be assisted to integrate into their new community. Particular attention will be paid to the needs of the most vulnerable groups to be resettled. PAPs will be compensated, at replacement cost for assets lost. Adequate social and physical infrastructure will be provided. PAPs and the host communities will be encouraged to participate in the design and the implementation of RAP. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 18
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 19 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-5 Date: November 2009 Resettlement Policies & legal Framework The RAP delivers a comprehensive package of compensation and assistance to entitled persons, families, and groups suffering losses as a result of the project. It provides mitigation for: Loss of assets, including land and house or work place Loss of livelihood or income opportunities and Collective impacts on groups, such as loss of community assets, common property resources and others. 5.3 Definition of Relevant Terminology Under the resettlement policy for the project, several categories of project affected persons are recognized with varying eligibility for the compensation and assistance package provided by the RAP. The major categories of project affected persons addressed in the project entitlement framework are: a) Project Affected Persons (PAPs) Unless otherwise specified in this document, a project affected person is defined as one who in consequence of the project, sustains damages (a) by reasons of severing such land or (b) by affecting his/her immovable properties in any manner or (c) by adversely affecting his/her livelihood/earnings calculated by an objective assessment. Project affected persons include project displaced persons. b) Project Affected Households (PAHs) The PAHs are defined as groups of people living under one roof and maintaining one kitchen within the project s impact corridor. Often, PAHs contain more than one family. Most RAP entitlements are provided at the household level; however, the RAP also recognizes a Project Affected Family (PAF). A `Family means karta (Head of Family), spouse (husband/ wife) and minor children. Every son or unmarried daughter who has attained the age of 18 years on or before the cut-off date will be treated as separate family. Every divorced or widowed daughter living separately or with the family on or prior to the cut-off date will be treated as separate family. c) Project Displaced Persons A displaced person is a person who is compelled to change his /her place of residence and/or workplace or place of business due to the project. d) Cut-off date The cut-off date for the project road for legal titleholders would be the date of issuing notice u/s 3A of the M/oRT&H. For encroachers and squatters, the cut-off date would be 15days from the issue of notice. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 19
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 20 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-5 Date: November 2009 Resettlement Policies & legal Framework e) Encroacher An encroacher is a person who has encroached on the government land, adjacent to his/her own land or asset, to which he/she is not entitled and deriving his/her livelihood prior to the cut-off date. All losses will be compensated and assistance will be provided at replacement value, irrespective of their legal standing in the project area. Special assistance will be extended to the vulnerable to enhance their earning opportunities. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 20
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 21 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-6 Date: November 2009 Stakeholders Participation & Consultations 6.0 STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION & CONSULTATIONS 6.1 Introduction Experience indicates that involuntary resettlement generally gives rise to problems for the affected population. It has also been experienced that problems reduce when people are properly informed and consulted about the project and allowed to make meaningful choices. This not only reduces the insecurity among the Project Affected Person (PAPs) but also avoids opposition to the project which otherwise are likely to occur. A social assessment has been undertaken for the project at various levels to elicit the views of the PAPs and other stakeholders and has been incorporated wherever feasible so as to reduce the negative impacts of the project. 6.2 Local Level Consultation The local level consultations were organized at various places namely, Agra, Sadabad, Hathras,Sasni & Aligarh which are major settlements on the project corridor. Views expressed by most people likely to be affected by the project at each location are given in Table 6.1 Table 6.1: Views of the people likely to be affected by the project Location Agra, Sadabad and Hathras Views expressed with respect to Project Provisions of resettlement and rehabilitation should be made public and transparency maintained. Concept of minimum displacement and enhancement of public facility should be incorporated in the project. Approach road leading to villages from the project road should be improved and safeguarded. Provision of bus stand on the project road for each village Source of drinking water should not be disturbed unless otherwise unavoidable. In such cases prior arrangements must be ensured before the initiation of construction work. Employment preference to local people in the project during construction period. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 21
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 22 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-6 Date: November 2009 Stakeholders Participation & Consultations Location Views expressed with respect to Project Sasni and Aligarh The rate for acquiring land and structure-should be according to the current market rate. Enquiries about the compensation and provision of resettlement and rehabilitation. Compensation should be given at the market rate and not at the Government rate. People would contribute land for tree plantation. Tree plantation should be extended to the link roads also. Associated roads can be developed in addition to the NH. Restrict widening within the minimum Right of Way required. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 22
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 23 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-7 Date: November 2009 Gender Impact of the Project 7.0 GENDER IMPACT OF THE PROJECT 7.1 Backdrop Women, as an independent target group, account for 495.74 million and represent 48.3% of India s total population, as per the Census of 2001 thereby making them a sizeable proportion of the country s population. By the year 2016, projections suggest that the population women in India will rise to 625 million. Despite these statistics, problems like illiteracy, ignorance, discrimination and violence continue to persist even today against women. A separate process of discussion and interactions was facilitated with the women belonging to different socio-economic groups in sample villages. The key methodologies used to undertake the analysis comprised of: Focus group discussion were undertaken with women of communities in order to get qualitative information regarding the positive and negative effects of the road construction as well as the changes in the mobility pattern, literacy, employment issues etc. PRA tools and exercises such as decision-making were used to assess the socioeconomic status of women in the community and households. The findings derived from these processes are summed up in the sections below. 7.2 Gender Impacts of the Project During the study it was noted that women in most socio-economic groups are disadvantaged by their low status in households and communities in terms of access and control. Limited access and control, amongst other are significant reasons that act as a constraint in active participation of women in the society consequently hampering the process of their empowerment & development. The proposed project by augmenting access to socio-economic services is anticipated to boost/enhance mobility of women as well as their participation in socio-economic arena. A few focus group discussions were undertaken with women in the villages located along the project road. This discussion reveled that through some transport facilities to socioeconomic facilities are already available (as the village are located on the project road) the frequency of the same is poor due to the deplorable condition of the project road. Due to the poor condition of the project road, traveling is both time consuming and discomforting. Further due to the poor road condition, not many vehicles ply on it as a result making the project road secluded and thus not safe women and girls to venture out alone. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 23
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 24 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-7 Date: November 2009 Gender Impact of the Project As a result the project improvement was voiced as necessary by various women belonging to various castes and communities. The project is anticipated to augment the frequency and quality of the transport services, thereby further improving access of women to various facilities. The women opine that they will especially benefit from the project, since their mobility will be augmented, both in terms of access to social services, as well as access to higher levels of schooling. The project road improvement would also considerably augment their access to higher levels of health care outside the village. Also in terms of safety as women said that at present the vehicle frequency is low but when vehicles will increase traveling will become more organized and safe for women. This is especially important in the case of SC/ST women who return from work only by night and have to walk a long distance to home, which is unsafe. The project will provide special benefits to women by increasing the opportunity among girls to access middle level and higher education, and the access for women and children to improved local services and higher levels of health care outside the village. A detailed list of key benefits on the roads as derived by the process of gender analysis is enumerated in Table 4.1 below. Table 7.1: Anticipated impacts as voiced by women Sl. No. Anticipated impacts as voiced by women 1 2 3 4 5 Social mobility will further increase: women will visit their maternal home, relatives and religious places more often comfortably. Health status of women will improve and child bearing will become safer for women Instance of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) & Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) will be reduced with the enhanced assess and timely availability of medical facilities Women can move out to markets and work independently as they would no longer have to depend on makes because of insecurity of travel. More shops will open in the villages which will reduce drudgery of traveling long distance to weekly haats 6 Easy access to market for selling agricultural and forest produces 7 8 Children will not find it difficult to go to school & more girls will move out to study in high schools and even colleges During road construction, women may get labour work road other employment_opportunities will also increase. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 24
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 25 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-7 Date: November 2009 Gender Impact of the Project In other words, the project will provide opportunities to both men and women and offer special benefits to women by increasing the opportunity - among girls to access middle level and higher education, and the access for women and children to improved local services and higher levels of health care outside the village. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 25
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 26 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-8 Date: November 2009 HIV/ AIDS and Human Trafficking Risks 8.0 HIV/ AIDS AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING RISKS 8.1 General While HIV / AIDS is clearly a health problem, the world has come to realize it is also a development problem that threatens human welfare, social-economic advances, productivity, social cohesion, and even national security. Globally, it is estimated that 39.5 million people are living with HIV /AIDS in 2006 consequently making HIV / AIDS reach into every corner of society, affecting parents, children and youth, teachers and health workers, rich and poor. 8.2 Local Context India is on the brink of one of the biggest public health challenges in its history. As per the National Aids Control Organization (NACO) statistics, the HIV/ AIDS estimates in India for year 2004 is reported as 5.134 million infections. While the 2006 NACO estimates suggest national adult HIV prevalence in India is approximately 0.36 percent, amounting to between 2 and 3.1 million people. This is less than one percent of country s population and far-removed from the double digit figures in parts of Africa. Still, India has the second highest number of people living with HIV/ AIDS globally and over 60% of the 7.4 million people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) in the Asia and pacific region. Given the large population base, a rise of just a few percentage points in the HIV prevalence rate can push up the number of those living with HIV/ AIDS to millions. As per NACO, HIV infection is typically concentrated among the poor, marginalized groups, including sex workers, drug users, migrant labourers and truck drivers who are categorized as the high risk groups. These groups, particularly the truckers, drive the HIV/ AIDS epidemic and many studies indicate that infection is spreading rapidly to the general population. Uttar Pradesh, having population of 31.84 million is one of most densely populated state in India and is amongst one of the highly vulnerable states. According to the Uttar Pradesh State Aids Control Society (KSACS), the number of people infected with HIV has reached 55,167. HIV prevalence rate in the general population is 0.26 percent, which is less than the national average of 0.34 percent. These figures have been revealed by the NACOs Integrated Counselling and Testing Centres (CTC). Human Trafficking, on the other hand is one of the fastest growing transnational crimes. In the broadest sense, trafficking includes sexual exploitation as well as domestic servitude, unsafe agricultural labor, sweatshop labor, construction or restaurant work. The better road SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 26
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 27 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-8 Date: November 2009 HIV/ AIDS and Human Trafficking Risks & communication faculties have increased the catchments area beyond traditional enclaves to far flung areas ensuring constant supply. Transport infrastructure, by means of augmenting access and mobility can potentially add up to the influx of truckers in the project areas and in turn lead to increase in commercial sex activities at the roadside dhabas used by truck drivers and helpers as a result making the region hazardous for transmission of AIDS virus as well as human trafficking risks. Based on this premises one of the key components of Project areas regarding HIV/ AIDS and trafficking risks and the project implications on the same. In order to assess these risks, the following methodology was adopted: a) Focus group discussions FGD s) were undertaken with truckers along the project focusing on the issue of the HIV/ AIDS & trafficking b) In addition, semi-structured interactions were undertaken with different stakeholders such as village Mukhia, men & women s group, school teachers at the village level as well as with health personnel at village and block level namely - Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and Aanganwadi workers. c) Deck review of secondary data available related to HIV / AIDS and trafficking data in Uttar Pradesh and in India. The key findings with regard to these risks derived from this process are summed up as below. 8.3 Current Status & Project Impacts 8.3.1 HIV/ AIDS Risks In both the districts, i.e. Agra, Hathras and Aligarh, intersections were undertaken at four levels namely the village level, block level, sub district level and district level to access these risks. These discussions brought forth that by and large there exists information at the village level on HIV/ AIDS. In most cases this information has been either through television, ANMs or awareness campaigns organized by the block / district level health agencies. However, the scale of awareness on the spread of the disease and precautions remain low. The awareness level is even lower in case of women and due to the social taboo attached with the disease, even the Aanganwadi and ANMs refrain from discussing it at the village level. Intersections with government personnel at the block level revealed that AIDS cases have not been reported in the project corridor. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 27
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 28 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-8 Date: November 2009 HIV/ AIDS and Human Trafficking Risks Attempts were thus being made by the respective block level health departments and NGO to spread awareness on this disease. Interactions with the Block Medical Officers at HS and NGO in all the blocks brought forth that annually awareness campaigns are organized at the block and village level to spread awareness on the HIV/ AIDS. During the interaction with the Medical Officers and NGO in the project districts, it was by and large shared that the project entailing improvement of the project road will play an important role in making the awareness campaign on AIDS more effective by augmenting the outreach on the issue to remote villages with better road network. Similarly the frequency of visits by the health workers and of the local communities to block and district centers, the awareness exchange will become more frequent. The proposed improvement of NH is thus not anticipated to lead at any increase in HIV / AIDS risks in the area as such. 8.3.2 Human Trafficking Risks No cases of Trafficking were reported by any of the stakeholders during the course of the study. In addition, since it is an already existing selected road, the proposed augmentation no manner is perceived to lead to trafficking in the area. 8.4 Summing Up Taking into account, the growing prevalence of HIV/ AIDS in the districts of the project area, if might be useful for the MoRT&H to collaborate with the State AIDS Control Society and the district level AIDS Control Societies to further enhance the awareness campaigns on HIV/ AIDS in the project areas. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 28
Project: Feasibility Report for Agra to Aligarh section of NH-93 Sheet: 29 of 32 Document: P-62/SIA /Chap-9 Date: November 2009 R & R Budget 9.0 R & R BUDGET A detailed budget for the Package has been presented in Table 9.1. The number of PAHs has been taken from the Consultants Census survey. The compensation amount for the acquisition of land and structures will be determined by the Competent Authority. The land costs have been obtained from sub registrar Agra, Hathras, Aligarh. The replacement cost of structures has been obtained from the Uttar Pradesh PWD, and BSR. Over and above, the EPs will be entitled for R&R assistance as per the entitlement framework, prepared on the basis of the NPRR Policy. Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Table 9.1: R&R Budget for the Package Item Unit Quantity Acquisition of residential structures: Compensation Acquisition of commercial structures: Compensation Acquisition of residential cum Commercial structures : Compensation Acquisition of other property structures: Compensation House construction grant (Resi. and R cum C) A. Compensation Rate (in Rs.) Total sqm 25 10000 200,000 sqm 15 12000 180,000 sqm 17 12000 204,000 sqm 58 8000 464,000 B. Assistance Sub Total: Compensation 1,048,000 sqm 57 500 285,000 6 Assistance to Vulnerable sqm 1500 2500 3,750,000 7 Shifting Assistance Family 225 2000 450,000 8 9 Transitional allowance for nine Months Development of resettlement sites: Residential Family 225 4000 900,000 sqm 11250 1400 15,750,000 10 Conservation of Temples & Mosque L.S 58 100000 5,800,000 Sub Total: Assistance 26,935,000 C. Training for staff and project families 11 Training to staff and NGOs L.S 250000 250,000 12 Training for Economic Rehabilitaiton Family 225 700 157,500 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) REPORT 29