Why Revolution? War of American Independence Clash of Ideology - Cause and Effect
What is your philosophy? 30 second speech DO NOWS! 1. Tag in! Phones away, hoodies/headphones off, greet classmates! 2. Take out your Enlightenment Philosophers packet. Review it and then spend 5 minutes writing out a short answer to the question below that you will say to the class in a 30 second speech at the end of the period write it on the index card that I gave you at the door: Which philosopher do you agree with the most and why? Eye contact, volume, tone quote a philosopher!! 3. Turn in your Enlightenment Philosopher packet (with questions and both paragraphs thoroughly completed) from last period in the 10X box. Only accepted today!
Why Revolution? War of American Independence Clash of Ideologies Causes and Effects Write down the LT and the SC on your notetaking sheet! LT I will learn about the key events of the American Revolution. SC I have hit the LT when I can choose key events from the American Revolution and connect them to the world and big ideas.
What is a Revolution? Brainstorm with your elbow partner - name as many examples of revolutions as you can. How does revolution differ from a revolt or rebellion? Is violence a necessary component of revolution? In your own words define revolution.
What is a revolution? Review and update Substitution what are examples of this in the world? Same/similar people in power, little change in government structure. VS Transformation what are examples of this in the world? Real change, different kind of people in power, major overhaul of government system.
KWL The American Revolutionary War What do you already know? Who? What? When? Where? Why? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
The Back Story In North America English seeking: Better opportunities for land & wealth Religious freedom A place to raise their families Built farms and towns; limited forts French seeking: (Trappers) Money through the fur trade (Catholic missionaries) To convert Native American Built forts and trading posts
French And British Imperial Rivals Wars 1689-1763 1. King William s War (1689-1697) French forces raided New York and settlements in New England 2. War of Spanish Succession (1702-1713) England doesn t want to see France and Spain under the same king. Fight!!! British Colonists burned St. Augustine, FL. France loses big chunks of Canada to England. 3. War of Austrian Succession King George s War (1740-1748) 4. British colonists continue to push into French territory.
Tag in! Put away your phones, take off your hoodies and headphones. Greet your peers! DO NOW 1. LT and SC take out and review your notes/cm's from last class period...share the LT and SC with your TRIAD how did we do in terms of meeting the LT last period? 2. Share your CM's with your TRIAD be prepared to share out with the class.
Who s our hero George Washington! Virginia militia led by 21 yr old Major George Washington make a raid on a French fort in the Ohio River Valley. Present demands to the French commander to leave French say, $#@^%*&^*! (no) Colonists attack and have to run all the way home. Thus begins the French & Indian War (Known as 7 Yrs War in Europe)
Before 1750 After (1763) France will eventually take back Louisianna Territory before selling it to the US
After - Relationship Between British Colonists & England Worsens England Much money spent to protect colonists. English national debt from $75 million to $150 million Colonists need to pay their share. The end of salutary neglect England s previous practice of keeping only loose control of the colonies economies, allowing them to grow quickly. Colonists Not impressed by British military tactics The English did not share the same values as colonists, nor treat the colonists with respect. High loss of frontier farms for colonists what good is paying for all this military if it s not doing any good!
The Cost of War Then and Now This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
How England Tries to Get Money Reviving Mercantilism: External tax only import/exports affected Sugar Act of 1764 - increased the list of items that could only be exported from the colonies via English ports. James Otis No taxation without representation! Beyond Mercantilism: Quartering Act (1765) Colonists must house British soldiers in their homes - NY State assembly forcibly shut down for objecting Stamp Act of 1765 an internal tax, directly affects the daily, internal processes of colonies All paper documents legal, newspapers, playing cards - taxed
Tar & Feather - Perspective
How England Tries to Get Money (cont) Reviving Mercantilism: Townshend Act 1767 - paper, lead, pigment and tea. Colonists organize widespread boycott Boston Massacre/Riot 1770 Repeal of Townsend Act 1770 Tea Act 1773 gives British East India Company tax-free advantage Beyond Mercantilism: Stamp Act Repealed 1766 Declaratory Act 1766 if we want to tax you, we can do it any way we want! Taxes used to pay salaries of colonial governors and judges, undermining the power of locals on their own gov t.
Rebellion Boston Tea Party (1773) Coercive Acts (1774) Shuts down Boston Harbor until tea paid for Military gov t replaces Massachusetts elected gov t. 1 st Continental Congress (1774) appeal to King George for help and recruit George Washington to lead Continental Army This Photo by Unknow n Author is licensed under CC BY
During the Revolution Events April 19, 1775 Battles of Lexington & Concord (MA), the shot heard round the world 1777 Battle of Saratoga (NY) complete defeat, ~6000 British troops surrender - turning point of war Oct 1781 Yorktown (VA) due to combined efforts of Colonial American Army and the French navy This is the Last battle of the war
Add to Notes: The American Revolution 1776-1783 Who fought for the colonists? Soldiers - Landless, poor men hoping to gain cash & land some volunteers & some drafted ~5,000 free blacks from northern states (5%) of Continental Army Few Native tribes supported the Colonists
Who Fought for the Kingof England? 1 in 6 colonists - Loyalists ~50,000 enslaved blacks (~10% of slave population) Native American tribes took up arms for both sides Caused a civil war among the Iroquois Nation
America needs a new government! The Articles of Confederation! Written in 1777 States vowed to be BFF A firm league of friendship This Photo by Unknow n Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
What happened? Under the Articles of Confederation the federal government - extremely weak Problems - 1. States had most power. And would fight each other. 2. Congress no power to tax (State contributions were voluntary) the result: hard to pay for a federal army or navy, or any other national projects...or debts. The Continental Congress had accrued a large debt during the war and needed to pay it off.
The Constitution 1787 Intention - to revise Articles of Confederation Ended up replacing the Articles and creating a new government
The Basic Principals of the Constitution Popular Sovereignty the people rule Limited government Government is not all powerful, can only do what the people let it. Separation of Powers Helps prevent one branch from becoming too powerful Checks and Balances - Each branch of government can check the power of the other branches Federalism Division of power among national and state governments
What are the Checks and Balances?
Revolution - Ideas of the Enlightenment Declaration of Independence (1776) People are born with rights that cannot be taken away All people created equal no divine right of kings Gov t gets its power from the consent of the governed Purpose of gov t is to protect people s rights If gov t isn t doing its job, people have the right to alter or abolish the gov t The Constitution (1789) Self-government people vote directly for those who make our laws The Bill of Rights (1 st ten amendments of Constitution) protect individual rights 14 th Amendment (after Civil War) all have equal protection under the law Separation of Powers 3 branches of gov t so no one has too much power How can people alter or abolish gov t
Revolution: Transformation or Mere Substitution To what extent does the American Revolution meet our definition of a revolution? Transformation Real change, different kind of people in power, major overhaul of government system. Substitution- Same/similar people in power, little change in government structure.