6. In purple, label the area the people inhabited: Romans, Gauls, Etruscans, and Carthaginians. Mapping Rome Using the maps in Section 1 and the chrome books, label the following on the blank map given to you: 1. In blue, label the bodies of water: Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea and Ionian Sea. 2. In blue, label the rivers: Po River, Tiber River, and Arno River 3. In brown, label the mountain ranges/peak: Alps, Apennines, and Mt. Vesuvius. 4. In green, label the islands: Sardinia and Sicily. 5. In red, label the cities: Rome and Carthage.
Geography and Rome Built on seven rolling hills at bend in Tiber River. Center of Italian Peninsula. Midway between Alps and southern tip. Midpoint of Mediterranean. OwlTeacher.com
Patricians Wealthy landowners Held most of the power Inherited power and social status Ancestry gave them right to make laws Plebeians Common farmers, artisans, and merchants Majority of the population Citizens of Rome with voting rights Legally barred from most government positions
The Roman Senate The Senate a council of wealthy and powerful Roman s that advised city leaders. Composed of three hundred men Legislative and administration function. Determined domestic & foreign policy. Held office for life.
Consuls The two most powerful magistrates elected officials. Directed the government. Commanded the army. One year terms, elected every ten years. Could veto one another.
Assemblies & Tribunes (Protected the common people) Assemblies Made up of both patricians and plebeians. Primary job was to elect magistrates. Tribunes Elected by plebeians. Had the ability to veto actions other officials. Veto prohibit, in Latin I forbid. One year term limit. Representatives elected by plebeians to protect their rights against unfair acts of the patrician officials
Civic Duty Rome s government wouldn t work without participation of the people. Civic Duty = doing what they could to make sure the city prospered This included attending assembly meetings and voting.
Checks and Balances In addition to limiting terms, Romans put other restrictions on their leaders power. Restricted the power of other officials. Example: one consul could block the actions of the other consul. Checks and balances keep any one part of a government from becoming stronger or more influential than the others.
Law of the 12 Tables Important victory for the plebeians Patrician officials interpreted laws to benefit themselves Ten officials wrote down Rome s laws in 451BC Carved on twelve tablets, or tables, and hung in the Forum for all to see Established the idea that all free citizens had the right to equal protection under the law Right guaranteed by the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution
Law of the 12 Tables Write in your notes three examples of what school would be like without rules (laws). 1. Why must laws be written for justice to prevail? Read Written Laws Keep Order on page 327. 2. How did the Twelve Tables ensure justice for Rome? 3. How were the Twelve Tables a victory for the plebeians?
Roman Army Every landowning citizen served in the army Ten years of military service required to hold certain governmental positions Legions 6,000 heavily armed infantry Supported by cavalry Century 100 soldiers Military organization and fighting skills were keys to Rome s rise to greatness
Growth of Territory Grew mainly in response to outside threats. 387 BC, Gauls attacked Rome. Rome had to pay huge sum of gold to get Gauls to leave. Inspired other neighboring cities. As Rome defeated their neighbors, took over their land.
Expansion in Italy By about 270 B.C., Rome controlled most of the Italian peninsula. Why was Rome s expansion in Italy successful? Skilled diplomacy Loyal, well-trained army Treated defeated enemies fairly Gave rights to conquered people
Growth of Territory