Aim: How do we balance freedom, order, & equality?
Learning Outcomes 1.1 Define globalization and explain how globalization affects American politics and government. 1.2 Identify the purposes that government serves and trace their historical roots. 1.3 Describe how political scientists use concepts to structure events and promote understanding. Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 2
Learning Outcomes 1.4 Define freedom, order, and equality and discuss the various interpretations of each value. 1.5 Analyze the inherent conflicts between freedom versus order and freedom versus equality. Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 3
Learning Outcomes 1.6 Distinguish among these terms: totalitarianism, socialism, capitalism, libertarianism, and anarchism. 1.7 Explain how liberals, conservatives, libertarians, and communitarians view the role of government. Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 4
The Globalization of American Government Government Legitimate use of force within specified geographical boundaries to control human behavior National Sovereignty Each national government has the right to govern its people without interference from other nations Threatened by globalization Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 5
The Purposes of Government Maintaining Order Hobbes sovereign ruler Preserving life Liberalism Locke life, liberty, and property Communism Marx government ownership of land and productive facilities Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 6
Leviathan, Hobbe s All-Powerful Sovereign Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 7
The Purposes of Government Providing Public Goods Benefits and services available to everyone Controversial: What goods or services are appropriate? Promoting Equality Programs to reduce social inequality Controversial: redistributing income to promote economic equality, differing social values Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 8
Rosa Parks: She Sat for Equality Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 9
A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Government Values Pursued by Government Freedom Order Equality Models of Democratic Government Majoritarian Democracy Pluralist Democracy Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 10
The Concepts of Freedom, Order, and Equality Freedom Freedom of : absence of constraints on behavior Freedom from: Fight against exploitation and oppression; equality Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 11
The Concepts of Freedom, Order, and Equality Order Preserving life and protecting property Preserving social order Police power authority to safeguard residents safety, health, welfare, and morals Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 12
The Concepts of Freedom, Order, and Equality Equality Political equality: one person, one vote Social equality: wealth, education, and status Equality of opportunity: each person has the same chance to succeed Equality of outcome: society must ensure people are equal socially and economically Government-supported rights Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 13
Equality in the Military Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 14
Two Dilemmas of Government Maintaining Order and Promoting Equality Require sacrifices in individual freedom Original Dilemma: Freedom Versus Order Protect life, property, and make citizens safe from violence and spread of disease Conflict between values of freedom and order: policy to strengthen one takes away from the other Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 15
Two Dilemmas of Government Modern Dilemma: Freedom vs. Equality Values clash when government enacts policies to promote social equality Equal Pay Act School busing Discrimination (employment, public services, genetic testing, etc.) Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 16
Ideology and the Scope of Government Totalitarianism Government should have unlimited power Socialism Scope of government extends to ownership or control of basic industries that produce goods/services Democratic socialism Why do we constantly hear criticisms of socialism as some sort of deadly evil? Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 17
Ideology and the Scope of Government Capitalism Supports free enterprise Libertarianism Opposed to all government action except to protect life and property Laissez faire economics Anarchism Opposes government of any form Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 18
Anarchists at the Inauguration Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 19
Ideology and the Scope of Government Liberals and Conservatives: The Narrow Middle Practical politics in the U.S. ranges over center of ideological continuum Liberals Favor more government spending, programs and regulation Conservatives Favor less government spending, programs and regulation Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 20
Ideology and the Scope of Government Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 21
American Political Ideologies and the Purpose of Government Liberals vs. Conservatives: New Differences Today: differences focus on purpose of government Conservatives: support maintenance of social order Liberals: support use of government to promote equality Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 22
American Political Ideologies and the Purpose of Government Two-Dimensional Classification of Ideologies: Freedom and Order Libertarians: value freedom more than order or equality Liberals: value freedom more than order, but not more than equality Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 23
American Political Ideologies and the Purpose of Government Two-Dimensional Classification of Ideologies: Freedom and Order Conservatives: value freedom more than equality, would restrict it to preserve social order Communitarians: value both equality and order more than freedom Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 24
Ideologies: A Two- Dimensional Framework Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning 25