International Co-operation and Defence Policies Dr Samuel B.H. Faure Assistant Professor of Political Science, Sciences Po Saint-Germain Master s of Politics of International Co-operation Autumn 2018, Session 2
Outline Overview: Quantitative data to introduce international defence co-operation Session 1: The end or the transformation of international defence co-operation? Session 2: Who governs the international co-operation of defence?
Save the dates Anyquestions on session 1? Guests: Gl. H.Bentegeat, former CEMA (2 October, 4.15-5.30, D04) Dr. R.Bellais, MBDA (16 October, 2-3.30, D04) Dr. C.Bordes and Prof. JV.Holeindre (24 October, 10.15-11.45, D10)
Warm up: What did you remember? $1.739 trillion (2.2% GDP)
Which state spends the most on defence?
The state that spends the most on defence: the United States
Military expenditure (2017): Uneven global distribution
Top 15 State spenders (2016): Few players Remark #1 2 states: + 10% In total: 48% Remark #3 West, Africa: - Asia, Middle-East, Russia: + Remark #2 10 states: + 2% In total: 72,9% Remark #4 EUR4: 10,2%
What do you know about the world's leading armaments companies?
2002-16 sales of the world's top 100 companies (except China)
2016 sales of the world's top 100 companies (except China) $374.8 billion
Who is the world's largest arms seller?
The world's largest arms seller? + $40 billion (2016)
Beyond the name of a company, what does an arms seller look like? Lanzmann, de Beauvoir, Sartre
2016 sales of the world's top 100 companies (except China): uneven global distribution and few players Remark #2 EUR4: 23,1 % Remark #1 USA: + 50% Remark #3 10 states: + 1%
2016 sales of the world's top 10 companies (except China): supremacy of the United States and Western Europe
Where are Chinese companies? https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2018/08/china-global-defence-industry-league
The nine European companies in the top 11-50 worldwide in 2016
Some data on a European company: Airbus French Ministry of Defence, Notebook on International Defence Companies
Questions
Session 1. The end or the transformation of international defence co-operation?
What s the politics of flexilateralism? Compulsory Reading Faure, Samuel B.H. La «politique du flexilatéralisme». Le cas de la politique française d armement dans le contexte du Brexit. Les Champs de Mars. 2018, 30, no. 1 : 73-101.
How do you analyse an article? What s the puzzle? What s the argument? What s the (theoretical) contribution?
Puzzle What types of international co-operation do States use to acquire armaments? How can this set of international co-operation be conceptualised?
Argument This neologism defines the policy whereby a State simultaneously mobilizes different types of international cooperation to respond to a public problem such as the acquisition of armaments, climate change or refugee crises. The flexilateralism of «flexilateral» policy of a State is operationalized by revealing the different types of international co-operation. Four forms of international co-operation: 1) unilateralism (no cooperation), 2) bilateralism (cooperation between two States), 3) minilateralism (cooperation between a group of exclusive States) and 4) multilateralism (cooperation between a group of inclusive States). Two levels: 1) European and 2) Transatlantic (or global).
Contribution Beyond the literature on armaments policy in Europe, The concept of flexilateralism contributes to the literature relating to: Differentiated integration and the disintegration of the EU The varieties of liberal militarism and the industrial capitalism of defence The concept of flexilateralism is illustrated by the development of France s armaments policy, in the context ofbrexit negotiations.
Questions
Session 2. Who governs the international co-operation of defence? Urusula von der Leyen Florence Parly Gl François Lecointre Gl Volker Wieker
Who governs the international cooperation of defence according to Moravcsik (1993)? Compulsory Reading Moravcsik, Andrew. Armaments Among Allies. European Weapons Collaboration, 1975-1985, dans Evans, Peter B., Jacobson, Harold K., Putnam, Robert D. (eds.). Double-Edged Diplomacy. International Bargaining and Domestic Politics. Berkeley et Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993. Argument? Contributions? Limits?
Moravcsik, 1993 What is the explanatory argument? Whogoverns international defence co-operation in Europe? Two-level game : what does it mean? Who has a Janus faced and why? What s the logic of action? What are the contributions? What are the limits?