Originates in France during the French Revolution, after Louis XVI is executed. Spreads across Europe as Napoleon builds his empire by conquering neighboring nations.
Characteristics: Historical Origins:
Haiti Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture led 100,000 slaves in a revolt and seized control of Haiti from France. Haiti was the first independent nation in Latin America
liberated from the Spanish in 1810 San Martín then continued west and liberated Chile in 1817 rallied local Native Americans and mestizos against Spanish rule. gains independence in 1821 liberated Venezuela and aided San Martín in in 1824
Increased food supply due to more efficient farming Large supply of natural resources Large supply of capital Markets to sell goods around the world
Public transportation Factories could be powered and lit 24/7 Travel was cheaper and quicker Lower and middle classes could afford more products that only the rich could buy previously
World being split into industrialized and developing countries Lower standard of living in under-developed countries World economyindustrialization make transportation of goods across to globe easier Industrial countries become globally dominant due to wealth
Working conditions 12-16 hr workday 6-7 day work week no minimum wage no unemployment benefits could be fired for anything (including getting hurt on the job) women paid much less than men child labor frequent
Workers band together to insist on better working conditions want right to collective bargaining union representatives negotiate with employer Strike!!!! - work stoppage to pressure employers
Communist Manifesto human history defined by class struggles Oppressors vs. Oppressed In the Industrial Age Bourgeoisie (factory owners) vs. Proletariat (working class) The proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie Then it should set up a dictatorship which controlled the means of production and distribute the profits of which equally to all.
An economic system in which: All the means of production are privately owned and operated, The investment of capital and the production, distribution and prices of goods are determined in a free market. The state plays no role in the economy (laissez faire). In a purely capitalist economy, there would be NO Public schools State maintained roads and highways Welfare Social Security benefits etc.
An economic system with, and/or state ownership of the means of production. (Nearly all modern capitalist nations have socialist elements) Any state university, and other public schools are socialist institutions. The same is true of federal and state highways, federal and state parks, harbors etc
, with the end goal being complete social and economic equality. Communism is generally seen by communist countries as an idealized utopian economic and social state that the country as a whole is working toward
U.S. President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan in order to start negotiations. He arrives in Japan with warships
Meiji, means Enlightened Rule Western Influences: Gov t used land-tax revenue to promote industry, transportation, and communication. American style of public education Modern military technology with required service. Western style fashion More rights for women
Caption: I say, you must buy this poison immediately. We want you to really poison yourselves, so that we will have enough tea to comfortably digest our beefsteaks! A war ensues between the British and the Chinese over the opium trade. Britain wins China must pay for the cost of the war Expand British trade to 5 other coastal ports (Europeans do not live under Chinese law in these ports) The beginning of Western influence taking root in China
- Areas where foreign powers are granted exclusive rights and privileges An extension of a nations political, economic, and military influence into a different area of the world. The loss during the Opium Wars opens the door for other European nations (and Japan) to exert their influence over China
Society of Harmonious Fists wanted to destroy the foreign influences in China
Imperial Powers (British, German, French, Russian, American and Japanese troops) put down the rebellion and force China to pay indemnity (payment for damages) Troops of the Eight Nations Alliance of 1900. (Left to right: Britain, United States, Australian colonial, British India, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Russia Italy, Japan)
Imperial Powers (British, German, French, Russian, American and Japanese troops) put down the rebellion and force China to pay indemnity (payment for damages)
Social The caste system is reduced, creating greater social equality and unity Educational opportunities expand Suttee is outlawed Child marriage is outlawed Economic Transportation (trains, cars, roads) communication (telegraph, telephone, postal service) improved. Technology leads to better sanitation and medicines (vaccines). Improved farming methods (crop rotation, mechanization) leads to greater food production.
Social No Self-Determination and a lack of respect for local customs (Sepoy Rebellion) Rampant racism and ethnocentrism by the British against Indians Economic British monopolies on the purchase of raw materials and the production of goods Indian industries were ruined India was dependent on Britain for imported goods. Famine resulted when farmers shifted to growing cash crops (cotton, opium)