Read the excerpt from George Washington s Farewell Address. What are 3 things Washington warns about as he leaves office?

Read the excerpt from George Washington s Farewell Address. What are 3 things Washington warns about as he leaves office?

Ms. Luco IB History

What led to the rise of political parties in the 1790s?

President: George Washington, 1789-1797 Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Precedent: an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example in similar situations in the future Washington set these precedents: 1. Mr. President 2. Cabinet 3. Role of the executive to enforce the law 4. 2 terms

Development of a federal court system Hamilton Established the Bank of the United States Whiskey Tax excise on whiskey to help pay state debt Led to the Whiskey Rebellion: western Pennsylvania farmers rioted against the whiskey tax Washington responded to the rebellion by using federal military power

Problem: Britain and France are at war Should the U.S. support France in the war against Britain? Jay s Treaty averted war with Britain; retained Britain as major trading partner (neutrality) Problem: Spain wants control of the Mississippi Pickney s Treaty opened Mississippi up to American shipping

Warned against competing political factions, or parties Encouraged foreign commerce Warned against foreign alliances

STRICT Construction Constitution should be interpreted by the literal content of the document Only the powers listed in the constitution can be granted to the federal government. LOOSE Construction There are powers implied by the constitution that may not be explicitly listed, but are still granted to the federal government.

Read Documents A and B: Which one demonstrates a strict constructionist argument? Which one demonstrates a loose constructionist argument? How do you think these arguments would be used to argue in favor/against the establishment of a national bank? Can you guess who said this? Which one would George Washington agree with?

Hamilton Supported strong federal government; commercial interests Jefferson Supported small, local government; agrarian interests

Hamilton Supported strong federal government; commercial interests National Bank is constitutional (implied powers) Jefferson Supported small, local government; agrarian interests National Bank is NOT constitutional (not an enumerated power)

Hamilton Supported strong federal government; commercial interests National Bank is constitutional (implied powers) Loose constructionist Jefferson Supported small, local government; agrarian interests National Bank is NOT constitutional (not an enumerated power) Strict constructionist

Hamilton Supported strong federal government; commercial interests National Bank is constitutional (implied powers) Loose constructionist Supported Jay s Treaty (neutrality should be maintained) Jefferson Supported small, local government; agrarian interests National Bank is NOT constitutional (not an enumerated power) Strict constructionist Against Jay s Treaty (U.S. should help France; also against the lack of compensation for slaves that had fled to British side)

Hamilton Supported strong federal government; commercial interests National Bank is constitutional (implied powers) Loose constructionist Supported Jay s Treaty (neutrality should be maintained) Supporters named themselves FEDERALISTS Jefferson Supported small, local government; agrarian interests National Bank is NOT constitutional (not an enumerated power) Strict constructionist Against Jay s Treaty (U.S. should help France; also against the lack of compensation for slaves that had fled to British side) Supporters known as REPUBLICANS (implied that the other sides were monarchists )

Election of 1796: Federalist Party (John Adams) VS. Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans (Thomas Jefferson)

Election of 1796: Federalist Party (John Adams) WINNER VS. Democratic Republican Party or Jeffersonian Republicans (Thomas Jefferson)

President: John Adams, 1797-1801 Vice President: Thomas Jefferson

Problems with France: French were angered by Jay s Treaty started seizing American merchant ships Solution: Try to work it out diplomatically Result: XYZ Affair -French demanded a bribe to negotiate with American diplomats enraged Americans -Documents released and French agents names replaced with X, Y, Z anti-french sentiment spread

Adams Response to the XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts These acts limited the freedom of speech and liberty of foreign residents in the U.S. Jeffersonian Response Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Argued that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional laws

John Adams Federalist Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican

John Adams Federalist Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican WINNER

John Adams Federalist Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican WINNER Voting rights expanded universal white male suffrage

Document Analysis - On your own sheet of paper. Answer questions accompanying each document write a thesis statement in response to the question above.