DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0001 Democratic Governance in Northeast Asia
Security, Development and Human Rights in East Asia Series Editor: Brendan Howe, Department Chair and Professor, Ewha Womans University, South Korea This series considers the emergence of new governance modalities in East Asia, and the challenges they face, through the prisms of human security, human development, and human rights analysis. Security, development and human rights are the three pillars of the United Nations, and the foundation of global governance. Increasingly human-centred perspectives have come to dominate the discourse and policy platforms in these fields. The East Asian region has traditionally been viewed, however, as a region of conservative and state-centric policy prescription, resistant to the new governance models. In terms of security, East Asian governments and regional organizations have championed power-political and Westphalian concepts of self-help, territorial integrity, political sovereignty, and non-intervention. State-centric economic development has assumed such prominence in the region as to be termed econophoria whereby the solution to all challenges is sought through some form of national development project or developmental state. Finally, on the question of rights, Asian perspectives are seen by some to pose a communitarian and cultural relativist epistemological challenge to the dominant liberal universalist discourse. Nevertheless, the globalization of governance norms has had an increasing impact on the region. The democratization of information, multi-media penetration, the exponential growth of civil society, and discourse cross-fertilization between disciplines and between peoples, has led to increased challenges to the governance functionality and moral primacy of the state. East Asia is also the source of some of the most interesting and innovative governance initiatives across all three pillars. The series, therefore, undertakes to reflect different aspects of these dynamics in the Asian Century. Security, Development and Human Rights in East Asia series Series Standing Order ISBN 978-1- 137-44983- 2 You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0001
Democratic Governance in Northeast Asia: A Human-Centered Approach to Evaluating Democracy Edited by Brendan Howe Department Chair and Professor, Ewha Womans University, South Korea DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0001
Editorial selection and content Brendan Howe 2015 Individual chapters Respective authors 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-55044-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978-1-349-55816-2 DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453 ISBN: 978-1-137-55045-3 (ebook) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. www.palgrave.com/pivot
Contents List of Figures Acknowledgments Notes on Contributors vi vii viii 1 Measuring the Quality of Democratic Governance 1 Brendan Howe 2 The Deterioration of South Korean Democracy 25 Hannes B. Mosler 3 Migrant Workers in South Korean Society 51 Hakjae Kim 4 Japan: A Superficially Democratic State? 70 Brendan Howe and Jennifer S. Oh 5 Non-regular Workers in Japan 87 Jennifer S. Oh 6 Taiwanese Democracy 105 Christian Schafferer 7 Debating Unpopular Issues in Taiwan 130 Christian Schafferer Conclusion: Old Flaws and New Challenges 145 Brendan Howe Index 152 DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0001 v
List of Figures 2.1 Voter turnout in general and presidential elections 28 2.2 Number of election law violations at regional elections (columns; primary axes) and general elections (line; secondary axes) 29 2.3 Number and funding of conservative CSOs 33 2.4 GINI Index 38 2.5 Press freedom index ranking for South Korea 40 3.1 Number of migrant workers in South Korea by year 1987 2010 54 vi DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0002
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the support of a grant from the BK21 Plus Program for Global Networking Leadership Development and Education for the publication of this volume. The Editor s contributions were further supported by research leave from the Graduate School of International Studies at Ewha Womans University, and the Korean Studies Department of the Freie Universität Berlin which is hosting his sabbatical. Work on Chapter 2 was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies of the Republic of Korea [AKS-2014-OLU-2250001]. Work on Chapters 4 and 5 was supported by the Ewha Global Top 5 Grant 2011 of Ewha Womans University. Brendan Howe and Jennifer Oh gratefully acknowledge permission granted by Choong-Mook Lee, Editor of Korea Observer, for use of material in Chapter 4 previously published in the journal by these authors. DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0003 vii
Notes on Contributors Brendan Howe is tenured Professor of International Relations and former Department Chair at the Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha Womans University. He holds a PhD in Political Science from the Trinity College, Dublin. He has published extensively on human security, post-conflict development, national and international governance, humanitarian intervention, and regional security issues. Hakjae Kim is a postdoctoral fellow of the Graduate School of East Asian Studies, Freie Universität Berlin, and holds a PhD in Sociology from Seoul National University. He is currently working on sociology of law and social policy diffusion studies and is the author of The Origins of the Panmunjom Regime: The Korean War and Liberal Peace Projects (2015). Hannes B. Mosler holds a PhD in Political Science and is an assistant professor at the Graduate School of East Asian Studies with a focus on Korean politics at Freie Universität Berlin. His major research interests are political parties, political systems, constitutional law, and policy decision processes in Korea and on a comparative basis. Jennifer S. Oh is an assistant professor at the Graduate School of International Studies at Ewha Womans University. She specializes in comparative political economy and East Asian politics. Her recent publications examine East Asian civil society and political parties, and political economic issues such as trade, agriculture, and the market. viii DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0004
Notes on Contributors ix Christian Schafferer an associate professor in the Department of International Trade, Overseas Chinese University, Taiwan. His research interests embrace East Asian political development and political management, on which topics he has published extensively. He is the editor of the Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia and former president of APISA. DOI: 10.1057/9781137550453.0004