Name: ANSWER KEY Group: 404- Date: Chapter 2: 1896-1945: Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Recap Activity: Notes 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12 Task: Use your class notes, s PowerPoints and your textbook to help you answer the questions below. Take this activity seriously as it meant for review for quiz 3 of chapter 2. DO NOT leave any question blank. Part 1: The Roaring 20s (textbook pages 164-167 AND notes 2.9) 1. Indicate 3 examples of mass culture that emerged during the early 20 th century (1900-1930). Possible answers: Radio Movies Nightclubs Jazz music Professional sports 2. Refer to the Take Note section on page 165. Indicate a CAUSE of the rise in popularity of nightclubs in Montreal in the 1920/1930s. Nightclubs in Montreal became popular in the 1920s because of PROHIBITION in the United States. Americans could not consume alcohol, therefore they travelled to Montreal (where there was no prohibition), spent time in nightclubs listening to live music and drinking alcohol. History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 1
3. In the spaces provided below, indicate a CAUSE and a CONSEQUENCE of consumerism in Quebec in the 1920s. CAUSE of consumerism in Quebec in the 1920s. (page 165) There was an increase in the purchasing power of Canadians. CONSEQUENCE of consumerism in Quebec in the 1920s. (page 165) There was a rise in production and consumption of consumer goods. People also had more money to travel. 4. Indicate 2 regions in Quebec that were popular tourist destinations during the Roaring 20s. (page 167) Possible answers: Gaspésie Laurentians Lac St. Jean Charlevoix region 5. How did 1920s usher in a new era for women and how they behaved in public? (page 166) Women were wearing shorter skirts, going to nightclubs, etc. This behavior was new for the 1920s, it was not something that was seen before. 6. In your opinion, why were the years 1919 to 1929 called The Roaring 20s? Examples of possible answers: loud lots of partying Roaring could also mean prosperous lots of prosperity meant people were buying things, production was ever increasing, the economy was doing well History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 2
Part 2: The Great Depression (textbook pages 168-171 AND notes 2.10) 1. Indicate the initial causes of the 1929 stock market crash. (see notes and page 168) In order: a) The over production of goods during the 1920s b) Companies slow production c) Companies lay off workers d) People have less money to buy goods = even less production e) Investors pull their money from companies which leads to the stock market crash 2. How did the Great Depression have serious repercussions on Canadian exports? Give two reasons. (page 169) The USA stopped importing (buying) Canadian goods Canadian exported goods decreased The USA stopped importing (buying) Canadian natural resources Canadian exported natural resources decreased 3. Indicate 2 types of NON-GOVERNEMT aid offered to citizens during the Great Depression. Possible answers: Charity (donated clothing, soup kitchens, free haircuts to people looking for a job) Non-government refuges people who did not have a home could sleep at these refuges History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 3
4. Referring to pages 168-170 in your textbook, explain how the intense industrial production of the Roaring Twenties led to a negative consequence for many workers. Your answer must specify each of the elements below and establish connections between them. An effect of intense industrial production during the Roaring Twenties A reaction by companies A negative consequence for workers The intense industrial production of the 1920s led to the OVERPRODUCTION OF GOODS. Therefore, companies had to slow down production. As a result, companies needed less workers and would lay-off workers (who were then unemployed). 5. Indicate 3 types of GOVERNMENT aid offered to citizens during the Great Depression (municipal, provincial, federa). (pagees 170-171) Possible answers: Direct aid in the form of food stamps, free clothing, etc. Work projects in cities (building roads, bridges, tunnels, etc.) for men without work. Work relief camps (similar to work relief projects in cities except men would have to travel to these camps and essentially live there) History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 4
6. What did the Catholic clergy and French Canadian nationalists propose to counter the effects of the Great Depression? (page 171) The RCC and the Quebec government also proposed that people in Quebec move back to the land agriculturalism. 8. Circle a region on the map below that was colonized (for agriculture) in the 1930s as a response to the Great Depression. (HINT: you can find the information for this in notes 2.11) History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 5
Part 3: Challenging Capitalism/Union Nationale government, Clerico-Nationalism and Francophones in the Economy (textbook pages 172-177 AND Notes 2.11) 1. According to Maurice Duplessis, what was the backbone of Québec s economy? (page 173) Duplessis believed that agriculture was the economic backbone of Quebec s economy (he thought farming was important to the economy of Quebec). 2. What was the Union Nationale s relationship with unions duirng the 1930s? (page 173) The Union Nationale government in the mid to late 1930s did not like unions they were anti-union. For example, they established the Padlock law which allowed the government to shut down union office if the government suspected communist activity. 3. Indicate one player/actor of Clerico-Nationalism in Quebec in the 1920s. How did this person express their ideas on Clerico-Nationalism? (pages 174-175) Lionel Groulx he expressed clerico-natiolism through his published magazine L Action Française. 4. What was the difference between Henri Bourassa s and Lionel Groulx sviewpoint on French Candians/French Canadian culture in term of a sense of belonging? (page 175) Bourassa saw ALL OF CANADA as a country that should be shared by both English Canadians and French Canadiens. However, Groulx saw the territory of Quebec only as a nation for the French Canadien race. 5. According to the French Canadian nationalists influenced by economic liberalism, what did French Canadians need to do to regain control of their economy? (page 176) These FC nationalists believed that French Canadiens should be involved in business, not agriculture. This way, there would be more French Canadiens running companies and therefore have more control of the Quebec economy. History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 6
6. Consult Document 91, on page 172 in your textbook, and then answer the following questions. a) What political change was prompted by the Great Depression? The establishment of new political parties in Canada (Communist Party of Canada, The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and the National Social Christian Party) b) Explain WHY we saw this political change. People no longer trusted capitalism and the governments that allowed for the capitalist system to run. They blamed the capitalist system for the Great Depression. Therefore, they started their own anti-capitalist political parties based on Communism, socialism or fascism. History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 7
7. Indicate if the following statements, regarding Maurice Duplessis and the Union nationale, are true or false. Refer to pages 172-173 to help you. Correct the false answers below. Statement True False a) Duplessis sought to curb the effects of the Great Depression primarily by promoting a rural way of life for French Canadians. X b) The premier considered industrialization to be the backbone of Québec s economy. c) Duplessis was convinced that farmers, who grew their own food, would always be shielded from corruption. X X d) Duplessis believed that unions were harmful to the established order and were a source of social unrest. e) Duplessis passed several anti-union laws and called on the police during labour disputes. X X f) The Duplessis government limited its interventions in the area of social assistance. It preferred to rely on the services offered by private enterprise, for example, in education and health care. X b) Duplessis considered AGRICULTURE to be the backbone of the Canadian economy. c) Duplessis believed that farmers would be sheilded from POVERTY f) Duplessis wanted social services to be taken care of by the Catholic Church History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 8
8. Indicate 3 values or elements that were promoted by Clerico-Nationalism in the early 20 th century. (page 174) Possible answers: Protecting the French language Protecting Catholicism Importance placed on the rural way of life Family values 9. Consult Document 92, on page 173 in your textbook. Circle the term that can be associated with the government measure found in this document. Clericalism Censorship Communism Propaganda 10. Compare the written excerpt Documents 97 and 98, on page 177 in your textbook. Indicate how the authors positions are different. They disagreed on how French Canadiens should involve themselves in the Quebec economy. Minville advocated for cooperatives (like farming cooperatives) whereas Versailles advocated for French Canadiens being involved in capitalism and business ownership. History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 9
Part 4: The Second World War and Canada s Involvement (textbook pages 168-171 AND notes 2.10) 1. What was the socio-political ideology of the parties that took power in Italy, Spain and Germany in the 1930s? (page 178) The socio-political ideologies that we saw in these countries during the 1930s was FASCISM 2. What act did the federal government implement in order to obtain the decision-making power necessary to adopt measures essential to the war effort? How would the federal government use this act during WW2? (page 179) At the start of WW2, the Canadian federal government implemented the War Measures Act (like WW1). This allowed the Canadian federal government to: Control the economy and production of goods used in the war effort Contorl prices and wages of workers Implement rationing and salvage drives Establish internment camps in Canada for Enemy Aliens 3. How did the Canadian government treat immigrants AND groups of people they though were associated with enemy countries? (notes 2.12 and page 180) The Canadian government establhsed internmnet camps for people believed to be associated with enemy countries (for example: Japanese Canadians). 4. Why did Canada hold a plebiscite in 1942? How did people in Canada view the plebecite? What was the result of the 1942 conscription plebiscite? (page 182) The Candian prime minister at the start of WW2 promised no conscription. However, Canada held a plebiscite in 1942 because the amount of Canadian soldiers voluteering to fight in WW2. In addition, there were any Canadian casualties (soldiers dying). In order to make sure Canada was still able to send soldiers to the front lines, the prime minister asked the Canadian people to vote (plebiscite) to allow Canada to implement conscription. Overall, the Canadian population was in favour of conscription. However, the population of Quebec votes no. History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 10
5. In what capacity did women participate in the women s divisions of the Canadian armed forces during the Second World War? (page 183) Possible answers (among others): Clerical work Army nurses Medical assistants Car, truck or jeep drivers Mechanics, Radar operators Laundry Cooking 6. Which group of people did industries (factories) turn to in order to meet their needs during the Second World War? Why did they need to turn to this group of people. (page 183) Because of the amount of production needed during WW2 (producing guns, ammunition, etc.), many workers were needed. However, because many Canadian men were fighting overseas, WOMEN took over for men in Canadian factories. 7. The Ligue des droits des femmes celebrated the first anniversary of what event in 1941? (page 189) Women in Quebec being granted the right to vote or run for political office in 1940 in Quebec. 7. Indicate HOW the Canadian government was able to fund the war effort from 1939-1945. (page 181) The Canadian government relied on the Canadian population buying VICTORY BONDS, WAR SAVINGS CERTIFICATES and WAR SAVINGS STAMPS. 8. Canadians on the home front during the Second World War did what they could to help the war effort. Indicate 2 ways in which Candians in Canada helped the war effort. (notes 2.12) Canadians on the home front would have RATIONED food and other goods OR they could have helped with SALVAGE DRIVES. History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 11
10. Describe the experience of many Japanese Canadians in Canada after 1942. (notes 2.12) (as mentioned in question 3) Many Japanese Canadians were worced to leave their homes and were placed in internment camps. 11. Indicate the reason WHY Adelard Godbout was voted out of office in Quebec in 1944. (page 187) Godbout did not defends Quebec s interests after the results of the plebiscite. He claimed he would resign and he did not. 12. Indicate 2 measures taken up by the Quebec Liberal Party under Godabout during the second World war. (pages 188-189) Possible answers: Unemployment insurance program Family allowance program Creation of Hydro Quebec Granting women the right to vote in Quebec provincial elections Law making school compulsory until the age of 14 Dates to Remember: The opening of the first English radio station, XWA, in Montreal: 1919 The opening of the first French radio station, CKAC, in Montreal: 1922 The establishment of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC): 1936 The opening of the first movie theatre in Montreal: 1906 The dates of American PROHIBITION: From 1920 to 1936 The establishment of the Commission des Liqueurs de Quebec : 1921 The founding of the Montreal Canadiens Hockey: 1909 The establishment of the National Hockey League (NHL): 1917 New York Stock Market/Stock Exchange crash: 1929 Unemployment in Canada reached 25%: 1933 History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 12
Public works programs were established: 1930 Derect Relief was establish: 1931 Establishment of the Communist Party of Canada: 1921 Establishment of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Canada: 1933 THE FIRST time the Union Nationale political part is elected in Quebec: 1936 The Padlock Law: 1937 The year Canada joined World War 2 (declared war on Germany): 1939 The creation of the Department of Munitions and Supply: 1940 The establishment of the National Resources and Mobilization Act: 1940 The Plebiscite to ask Canadians to release the federal government from their promise of NO CONSCRIPTION: 1942 The year conscription was implemented: 1944 Registration of Japanese Canadians: 1941 ALL Japanese Canadians moved from the West Coast to internment camps: 1942 D-DAY: 1944 Establishment of Hydro-Quebec: 1944 Establishment of the law to make schooling mandatory until age 14 in Quebec: 1943 The end of World War 2 in both Europe and the Pacific: 1945 History of Quebec & Canada Secondary IV 13