Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI): A New Benchmark for Well-being in Asia and the Pacific Presented by Radtasiri Wachirapunyanont Intern Governance Thematic Group VPKM and ERCD
Outline Stock-taking Introduction to a new comprehensive Index Cross-Pillar Balance Role of Institutions Way Forward
What is Inclusive Green Growth? High growth Broader access to opportunities Efficient use of natural resources
Global Agreements
Sustainable Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Outline Stock-taking Introduction to a new comprehensive Index Cross-Pillar Balance Role of Institutions Way Forward
Example of existing indices 2010 2014 2014 2017 2017 Inclusive Growth Indicators (IGI) - ADB Quality of Growth Index (QGI) - IMF Green Growth Indicators (GGI) ESCAP Green Growth Indicators (GGI) OECD Inclusive Growth and Development Index (IDI) - WEF
Existing indices are not comprehensive Economic Growth Economic performance External dependency Economic sustainability Labor productivity Employment Equity Gender Health Basic needs accessibility Poverty and inclusion Education Environment Water Air Forest and land use Waste Climate change and energy IMF OECD WEF ESCAP
Outline Stock-taking Introduction to a new comprehensive Index Cross-Pillar Balance Role of Institutions Way Forward
Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI)
Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI) IGGI vs. GDP 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 Azerbaijan Bhutan Fiji Maldives United Kingdom Turkey Malaysia China, PR Indonesia India Pakistan Timor-Leste Afghanistan Republic of Korea Sweden Australia Ireland Denmark Singapore United States Japan Switzerland Norway Luxembourg y = 5.0385ln(x) + 10.526 R² = 0.7736 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (constant 2010 US$)
GDP vs IGGI on Indicating Happiness Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI) 85 75 65 55 45 35 Happiness IGGI 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Happiness (World Hapiness Report) 25 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (in constant 2010 US$) 0
Outline Stock-taking Introduction to a new comprehensive Index Cross-Pillar Balance Role of Institutions Way Forward
Cross-Pillar Balance (CPB) Cross-Pillar Balance = The performance balance between Performance Balance Economic Growth and Sustainability Social Equity Environmental Sustainability
DMCs and Non-DMCs Economics 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Environmental Social DMCs Non-DMCs
DMCs and Non-DMCs DMCs Non-DMCs Members IGGI CPB-IGGI CPB-IGGI IGGI Members Singapore 66.05 67.52 73.97 75.78 Norway Korea, Republic of 62.02 50.79 63.13 71.38 Sweden Azerbaijan 60.02 55.26 69.17 70.44 Luxembourg Kazakhstan 58.01 44.31 67.05 69.17 Switzerland Georgia 56.92 49.84 62.86 68.10 Canada Fiji 56.25 58.32 68.04 67.53 Ireland Thailand 54.88 49.20 60.16 67.36 Finland Maldives 54.68 51.80 60.67 67.22 New Zealand Bhutan 54.60 60.67 56.34 66.66 Austria Armenia 54.48 46.15 62.03 65.81 Denmark
DMCs in Five Regions Central Asia East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia The Pacific Armenia People's Republic of China Afghanistan Brunei Darussalam Cook Islands Azerbaijan Hong Kong, China Bangladesh Cambodia Fiji Georgia Republic of Korea Bhutan Indonesia Kiribati Kazakhstan Mongolia India People's Democratic Republic of Lao Marshall Islands Kyrgyz Republic Taipei, China Maldives Malaysia Federated States of Micronesia Tajikistan Nepal Myanmar Nauru Turkmenistan Pakistan Philippines Palau Uzbekistan Sri Lanka Singapore Papua New Guinea Thailand Viet Nam Samoa Solomon Islands Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
Results by Region: South Asia Environmental Economics Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Social 4 th IGGI (47.32) 1 st CPB-IGGI (54.19) 1 st : Social Low gender equality High accessibility to basic needs 2 nd : Environmental Bhutan and Nepal: Climate Change Maldives: Water productivity 3 rd : Economic Low GDP per capita Low labor productivity
Results by Region: Central Asia Economics 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Environmental Social Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Tajikistan Uzbekistan 1 st IGGI (53.43) 4 th CPB-IGGI (46.10) 1 st : Social High income equality High accessibility to basic needs 2 nd : Economic Low GDP per capita Labor productivity 3 rd : Environmental Low water productivity High air pollution
Results by Region: East Asia Economics Environmental China, PR Korea, Republic of Mongolia 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Social 2 nd IGGI (49.08) 5 th CPB-IGGI (41.10) 1 st : Social High accessibility to basic needs High gender balance 2 nd : Economic Low GDP per capita Low Labor productivity 3 rd : Environmental High threaten species High air pollution
Results by Region: Southeast Asia Economics 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Environmental Social Cambodia Indonesia Lao, PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam 2 nd IGGI (51.12) 2 nd CPB-IGGI (53.39) 1 st : Social High accessibility to basic needs Low schooling years 2 nd : Economic Low GDP per capita Vulnerable to external shocks 3 rd : Environmental Low water productivity Poor waste management High air pollution
Results by Region: The Pacific Environmental Economics 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Social Fiji Papua New Guinea Timor-Leste 5 th IGGI (45.63) 3 rd CPB-IGGI (47.66) 1 st : Environmental Low water productivity Low air pollution and Co2 emissions per capita 2 nd : Social Low income equality Low accessibility to basic needs 3 rd : Economic Low GDP per capita Low employment
Outline Stock-taking Introduction to a new comprehensive Index Cross-Pillar Balance Role of Institutions Way Forward
Vicious cycle of weak Institutions and Low well-being Good and effective governance Well-being Incentive to commit bad governance practices (e.g. corruption)
Institution is an important driver of IGGI Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI) 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 Myanmar Afghanistan Azerbaijan Nepal Uzbekistan China, PR Cambodia Turkey Fiji Republic of Korea Bhutan The Philippines Malaysia Norway Sweden Switzerland Luxemburg Finland Singapore Australia United States Japan Unite Kingdom y = 0.2616x + 42.106 R² = 0.7658 New Zealand 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Good and Effective Governance
IGGI to Support Institutions Monitored and Evaluated by Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI) Quality of Growth / Inclusive Green Growth Social Equity (Inclusive) = Social Infrastructure Promote Environmental Sustainability (Green) = Natural Capital Infrastructure Assets and infrastructures Economics Growth (Growth) Institutions = Economics Infrastructure Create Utilize, Drive and Manage Catalyst Policy Prioritize country-specific development areas Direction setter (Supra-national) Ministry of Foreign Affairs Parliament Ministry of National Planning Ministry of Justice Implementer (National) Ministry of Environment Ministry of Natural Resources Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Water Ministry of Education Ministry of Health Ministry of Finance Ministry of Science Implementer (Sub-national) Municipality Provincial Authorities Private Sector (Business and NGOs in all levels) Facilitate and Support Provide technical and financial supports International Organizations and Multinational Development Bank
IGGI and Institution
IGGI and Institution IGGI
IGGI-Institution Pyramid Economics 70 60 50 40 30 Economic performance Institutional risk Environmental performance 20 10 0 Environmental Social Social performance
IGGI-Institution Pyramid IR: 100 IR: 58.30 Econ: 59.07 Envi: 62.68 IR: 7.90 Econ: 42.74 Envi: 62.97 Econ: 22.76 Soc: 76.40 Envi: 42.33 Soc: 27.49 Fiji Soc: 63.03 Singapore Afghanistan
Outline Stock-taking Introduction to a new comprehensive Index Cross-Pillar Balance Role of Institutions Way Forward
Institutions & DMCs Academia MDBs Way forward IGGI identifies sustainability gaps IGGI enables priority setting Enables collaboration & Nexus approaches Improves service delivery Consensus on IGGI data and methodology Research on closing IGGI data gaps Research on nexus areas Adopt IGGI for upstream assessment Strengthen country dialogue CPS and CDS Identify & Assess sustainable gaps Advise on Resource reallocation
Conclusion IGGI
IGGI for Well-being in Asia and the Pacific