Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 3, Sayı: 20, Aralık 2015, s. 285-290 Veyse KAYAÖZ 1 THE EFFECTS OF THE CUSTOMS UNION MEMBERSHIP ON TURKEY'S ECONOMY Abstract Countries that have achieved their economic and political development, the political controls are located under the Treasury in order to strengthen the resources and the markets are adopting more accepting of themselves. Besides, their continuous development in the country while continuing to provide industry and an increase in production and to make intend to be involved in the various units. Located in various parts of the world, most of these units who has achieved more than the European Union. The world's most important political and economic European Union who have the power, they want to enter almost all countries in the region. In this context, Turkey's European union membership on for the last fifty years a great effort has become the target of the state and has entered into this situation. Starting in 1963, the additional protocol signed in 1970 and in 1973 the European Union and Turkey relations with the Customs Union agreement was signed in 1995, integrated living. From Turkey's perspective towards membership of the European Union, this Agreement is a plus. The most important feature of this Agreement is to make the transition to full integration into the European Union Customs Union is the first and only country. In this study, we investigated the effects of Customs Union on Turkey's economic structure. Keywords: European Union, Customs Union, Economic Integration GÜMRÜK BİRLİĞİ ÜYELİĞİNİN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNE ETKİLERİ Özet Ekonomik ve siyasi olarak gelişimlerini sağlamış ülkeler, hazinelerini güçlendirmek amacıyla siyasi denetimleri altında bulunan yerlerin kaynaklarını ve bu yerlerin pazarlarını kendilerinin kabul ederek sahiplenmektedirler. Bunun yanında gelişimlerini devam ettiren ülkeler ise sanayilerinde ve üretimlerinde artış sağlamak ve devamlı hale getirmek için çeşitli birliklerin 1 South Russian University, Instıtute of Management, Busıness and Law, veyselkayaoz@hotmail.com
Veyse Kayaöz 286 içinde bulunmayı arzu etmektedirler. Dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde bulunan bu birliklerin en fazla başarı göstereni Avrupa Birliği dir. Dünyanın en önemli siyasi ve ekonomik gücünü elinde bulunduran Avrupa Birliği ne bölgede bulunan hemen hemen bütün ülkeler girmek istemektedirler. Bu kapsamda son elli yıldır Türkiye Avrupa Birliği üyeliği konusunda büyük bir çaba içine girmiş ve bu durumu devletin hedefi haline getirmiştir. 1963 yılında başlayan Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye ilişkilerinde 1970 yılında imzalanarak 1973 yılında Katma Protokol ile yaşama entegre edilen Gümrük Birliği anlaşması 1995 yılında imza altına alınmıştır. Bu anlaşma Avrupa Birliği ne üyelik yolunda Türkiye açısından bir kazanımdır. Bu anlaşmanın en önemli özelliği Avrupa Birliği ne tam üyeliği gerçekleşmeden Gümrük Birliği ne geçiş yapan ilk ve tek ülkedir. Bu çalışmada Gümrük Birliği nin Türkiye nin ekonomik yapısına etkileri incelenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Avrupa Birliği, Gümrük Birliği, Ekonomik Entegrasyon INTRODUCTION Thanks to globalization, economic integration and trade relations between the countries with restrictions in front of inhibitions are eliminated. In this context, the national borders of States and the free movement of products within the scope of global trade customs laws and the state conversion is permitted in conjunction with the universally accepted standards, especially in certain geographic locations situated in the state, regulate the commercial relationship as much more pronounced. In this manner, formed the customs-related trade unions and through the fields are very varied and made on a freelance basis, where it is possible to foreign trade to be more easily maintained. Occurring in the middle of the last century and the influence of the globalization of the whole world; it has influenced all sectors. This effect is due to new connections and models, and customs applications have emerged. Countries which continue their development in a world that is becoming Global in terms of the continuation of this situation, are required to participate in an economic intercourse. In this context, the economic interests of States or in certain regions of the world and its continents to be able to be competitive by paying attention to various regional and economic integration have provided each other with force. Because the receipt shows both the development of fundamental and developmental age of the economy that have completed the integrations formed in countries other than their own except for the ability to show in terms of a power under the merger failed to stop spending too much effort. The expenditure of this effort and coming with the process of becoming global, becoming nested with the phenomenon of continuing improvement in the economic region of the case shows. Besides, the power of the regional charm in the form of the main result of the mutual interests of the states in the region within the scope of the economic forces of integration and perform the merge with such units, they were found to have the installation done. In this way within a group to those in the case of a third country, providing the state a competitive advantage, enter new markets, being able to make a move in the direction of economic structure in an effort to gain the ability to.
287 Customs Operatıons Under Internatıonal Trade Logıstıcs Company The aim of this study the influence of the European Union on the process of foreign trade and economic advancement of the Turkish economy to determine the effects of the Customs Union, which is undeniable. For this purpose, the signing of the Customs Union from 1995 preand post-the economic progress of the country examined. Customs Union When examined chronologically, the subject of the Customs Union, customs unions is understood to occur in the various periods. In this regard we have put forward first thoughts on the Smith, Taussing, and has been suggested by Torrens title deeds. According to Smith, the commercial measures have been removed between the two states and other states correspond to the application of the Customs with the economies of the two countries will benefit (Dura and Atik, 2003:9). Taussing, states customs customs tariff on the share of applications made by the attachment of reductions in foreign trade affect the benefit obtained or that may bring the cost has also stated that it would vary accordingly. Agreements were made regarding tariffs in the trade of Torrents which in the direction of multilateralism in the place of the negative effect that would be seen, but mentioned that by mutual agreement has to be made of this effect will not occur. Vine, customs unions, thanks to the development of the trade of the country can also be found has argued that in addition to lowering effects of a bad situation (Çınar, 2004:64). Economic Effects Of Customs Unions These effects are static and dynamic are classified as. This classification being made that allow a detailed investigation to be carried out arises from the idea of purpose in. The Static Effects Of Customs Unions Static effects of customs unions after the establishment of these units is concerned with the source distribution. The level of technology countries, the resulting demand for structural condition, criteria such as the elements in the structure of the industry assumes that remain constant (Halıcıoğlu, 2003: 23). Dynamic Effects Of Customs Unions Introduced by the countries of the Customs Union in the long term as a result of the introduction of the economic structure of the states in the Union, production of power and resources to make the various differences in the rates of productivity seen in discovered. This effect is expressed in the form of a dynamic domain. The target is to be seen in the dynamic effects of customs unions (Seyidoğlu, 2001, s.211). MATERIAL AND METHOD The Importance Of The Research In the processes of the European Union and the Customs Union of Turkey has been investigated in numerous studies. Besides, the effects of these processes should also be
Veyse Kayaöz 288 examined in terms of Turkey and the European Union both in terms of benefits and should be laid down. Purpose Of The Study The purpose of this article, Turkey's membership of the European Union signed a Customs Union agreement that are provided with the status determination of the effects of foreign trade and economic growth that has made. This objective of the Customs Union within the framework of pre-and post-intended to examine. Research Method In the study of inter-state Economic unions economic unions for the purpose of investigation of the structure of the definitions and scopes is explicated. RESULTS Terms of Trade Effects of the effector Because Turkey spacious place finish in the investment goods and intermediate goods, the trade content between European Union countries, Turkey is the entry to the industry. imports experienced in technology-based investment goods, these goods are made thanks to the advanced technology made production has become necessary. Businesses is an important factor in giving priority to research and development activities. Impact Evaluation In Terms Of Trade Diversion The agreement was signed with the Customs Union, the countries which joined in 1995, when the ratio of imports to low when the signature of the agreement has begun to show an increase in the years of receipt. Over the years this situation in terms of Turkey's trade, deflector showed the effect. Import growth accelerated again after 1999, countries outside the Union, and then the deflector effect was observed. Evaluation in terms of production and consumption Turkey's exports of textiles and clothing industries on the basis of weighted outputs is realized. The ratio of exports to exports and imports ratio is high. Have occurred in a high proportion of food and drink products. This rating suggests as Turkey increasingly started to weigh on sectors without imports. Evaluation In Terms Of Foreign Trade In Turkey and import and export values is weighted in the direction of the European Union. A very important part of the trade between the countries of the European Union. In economic terms the impact of the Customs Union in Turkey's foreign trade foreign trade volume of the countries of the European Union to be the cause of weight increase continues. Evaluation In Terms Of Terms Of Trade A significant portion of Turkey's imports of investment goods made during the production of the manufacturing industry and Dec the use is located. Imports of advanced
289 Customs Operatıons Under Internatıonal Trade Logıstıcs Company technology products is the most important item for which conventional products are produced. In the process of the Customs Union, this situation of an unfavourable development. RESULTS The progress in the foreign trade indicators of Turkey with European Union countries, from Turkey's perspective, long-term Current Account deficits experienced an increase in the growth of the economy and gives rise to serious problems. For this reason, Turkey's current account deficit that can be achieved in the manner of closure of open transactions, and this is the subject of the review. Therefore, the European Union conducted foreign trade with the countries of the current account deficit and the increase of the use of the method illustrates the importance of blocking. The closure of the current account deficit in terms of exports to the European Union, by ensuring the ongoing growth of the members of hot money, instead of relying on the investments of the member countries of the European Union, Turkey is continuously hard and should be encouraged. In this way, the hot money will be provided protection from the risks that can create, and the robustness of the foundations of the economy will increase. The investments to be made by the Member States of the European Union are undertaken to ensure that the confidence of investors in Turkey in terms of perceptions that they are in, should be ensured the continuation of political and economic order, the optimal investment conditions must be provided. In addition, in the production of made in Turkey with commitment to the goal of lowering the rate of imports, and imported goods made use of in industrial production would be met by Dec, under competitive conditions, production policies in the country to be carried out must be produced. In order to provide for the increase in Turkey's export figures by the expansion of the industry research and development function, especially in high technology production in the country should be given support in making entry of Dec. Thanks to this support is extremely appreciated within the country and the resulting high growth rate and domestic demand that will occur with a TL current account deficit, healthy growth that has withstood a realistic basis for the realization of structural differentiation within the scope of European Union standards should be addressed using policies. However, the production of domestic and foreign capital enterprises in Turkey that performs a bearing heading out the members of the European Union in exports of merchandise Dec they perform rates and foreign dependencies of the country, used to identify the nature of the economic structures related to the level of being developed. For this reason, structural changes in Turkey is linked to the economic structure of the country's foreign trade and Turkey's macroeconomic variable is able to influence in a positive way or negative types. Continuing in an extremely rapid manner to the development, the Member States of the European Union Turkey Customs Union in terms of exports and imports in its trade with the Elimination of the structural linked to cases of goods imports in terms of exports that are performed during the production of a significant amount of research and development activities should be discontinued and the rapidity of entry should be given. In this way, the investments to be made with goods exports to the European Union countries should be reduced in price, and of imports of the products that are available are provided to be priced higher in the domestic
Veyse Kayaöz 290 market and thus the demand for domestic products instead of the prices of the products which enter from the outside should be increased. As a result, Turkey is a country that is getting very hungry on the way to the European Union. Even though it is not a member to sign a Customs Union agreement with the European Union is the only country. The necessary investments to continue carrying out R & D activities and to give weight to is the best use of the advantages of the Customs Union. REFERENCES Çınar, S. (2004); Gümrük Birliği Teorisi, Atatürk Ünv. İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 18(5), ss. 1-2. Dura, C. ve Atik, H. (2003), Avrupa Birliği, Gümrük Birliği ve Türkiye, Nobel Yayınları, Ankara. Halıcıoğlu, Ferda (2003), Ekonomik Entegrasyonların Etkileri Ve Ölçme Yöntemleri: Türkiye- Avrupa Birliği Ve Alternatifleri İçin Uygulamalar, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İ.Ü Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Seyidoğlu, H., (2001), Uluslararası İktisat, 14. baskı, Gizem Yayınları, İstanbul.