Max Weber Weber 1 1970 1 2000 62 11
2 M. Barzelay 2 63-64 12
2-1 2000 64 1973 13
3 70 management new public 4 1992 David Osborne Ted Gaebler Reinventing Government 5 6 7 1993 National Performance Review NPR 1979 3 4 5 86 12 11 1989 11 2002 50 6 Peter Drucker 1999 On the Profession Management 7 1993 National Performance Review NPR 1 cutting red tapes 2 putting customers first 3 empowering employees to get results 4 cutting back to basics 14
7 21 8 Osborne Gaebler 1996 6 9 steering 8 9 1996 6 2005 163-164 15
1980 1980 10 80 90 11 Christopher Hood economics 12 new institutional 13 transaction cost theory / 10 11 NPM 2000 12 NPA 12 Christopher Hood, A Public Administration for All Reasons? Public Administration,Vol.69 (1991), pp.5-6. 13 information asymmetry adverse selection moral hazard - 16
14 principal-agent theory 15 generic managerialism Woodrow Wilson 1887 The Study of Administration - business-like 16 optimization methodological individualism Hood 17 14 15 / 2. 1. 16 10 6 60 Voucher 1/10 6/10 17 Hood, pp.4-5. 6/10 10/10 1 2002 41-42 6 6 17
accountability / liberation market-driven 18
2-2 1980 18 18 1994 3 19
2-2 歐美先進國 亞洲 拉丁美洲 1979 1987 1981 1987 1987 非洲 1986 1986 1980 1982 1987 1968 1987 1986 1984 1986 共產 1987 1986 國家 1987 1973 1987 1988 1987 1981 * * 1990 9 13 public utilities public services 20
Emanuel Savas 19 the act increasing the role of the private sector or decreasing the role of government in an activity or in the ownership of assets Privatization Peter F. Drucker 1969 1979 Privatization Movement 1980 the activities of public services the ownership of assets 20 21 19 Emanuel S. Savas, Privatization:The Key to Better Government. (Chatham, N.J.:Chatham House, 1987),p.3. 20 21 12 1993 5 21
22 floatation placing buy-out trade sale or merge voucher contracting liquidation liberalization deregulation 23 22 160-164 23 1997 50 1992 22
partnership delegation E.S.Savas displacement 24 divestment divestment sale free transfer liquidation prior owner delegation 24 13-19 23
contract out franchise domain concession grant voucher lease manipulations of incentives public mandate displacement displacement by default displacement by withdrawal displacement by deregulation 24
monopoly a government affair continuing role one-time Lester Salamon public action The Tools Approach direct government grantsin-aid loan guarantees tax expenditures regulation government corporations Savas Savas Salamon Salamon corporations 25
25 pragmatic force greater productivity ideological force commercial force 25 24-26 26
populist neighborhood a sense of communities 27
1970 26 Knowledge Executive Harlan Cleveland The sector blurring Government Osborne Gaebler Reinventing 27 26 27 David Osborne & Ted Gaebler Reinventing Government 28
Harold Gortner Organization Theory A Public Perspective 28 / Law and/or legal authority until I say stop Don t go unless I tell you go Go / Rationality and/or efficiency 28 1993 29 287-290 29
Psychological and social relations Commitment / Politics and/or power relations Political interest group Jeffery R. Cornwall Organization Entrepreneurship Baron Perlman 30
2-3 / Jeffery R. Cornwall and Baron Perlman, Organizational Entrepreneurship, MA IRWIN,1990, pp.218-219. Gortner 31
a public-private continuum public-private partnership 29 Partnering Alan Rose Ken Cherrett R. Pollock / Master/Servant / Outsourcing Strategic Alliance 29 1996 32-33 32
Graham Duff Partnering 30 1980 Stuart Langton Calivin Bradford Max O.Stephenson Jr. John Costonis trilateral relationships 31 Vincent Kouwenhoven 30 1998 611 31 1999 8-9 P BOT 33
32 33 34 32 33 4 1-2 3 63-67 28 1994 21 56 1994 34
35 36 37 38 35 36 37 38 24 9 18 2000-35
market failure Principle An Invisible Hand Pareto 39 39 2003 61-62 36
40 government failure 41 42 citizen participation public participation 43 Sherry R. Arnstein 40 41 42 43 9 45-46 31 11 37
44 45 Coproduction Kiser Stephen L. Percy the coproduction model Larry 46 44 Sherry R. A, A Ladder of Citizen Participation, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol.35(1969), p.216. 45 38 2 3 1993 6 4 46 Stephen. L. P, Citizen Participation in the Corproduction of Urban Services, Urban Affairs Quarterly, Vol.19, No.4(1984), p.433.
entrepreneurial government entrepreneurship public effectiveness & efficiency J. A. Schumpeter a new production function 39
governance autonomy nance 47 good gover- two-way traffic 1980 Bring the State Back In Neo-Statist actors 47 24 40
48 instrumentalism private interest structuralism public interest statism strong state vs. weak society 48 1995 83-89 41
autonomy institutionalism absolute autonomy Krasner unity 42
partnership cooperation 49 50 49 50 1993 12 1996 18-22 43
- - 2-4 44
2-4 / / 45
1 2 3 4 5 1980 1990 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 46