Complete the warm-up about Jefferson s quote
The 13 Colonies America: 13 colonies ruled by Great Britain (England) 1620-1783 European settlement initiated by Puritans & people seeking economic opportunities ($$) Colonists became frustrated by rule from across the Atlantic
Causes of the American Revolution Taxation without representation No voice in government at all! This conflicted with Enlightenment ideas (popular sovereignty) Intolerable Acts Unfair taxes
Stamp Act Britain needed $ to pay for war expenses & defense of colonies Required colonists to pay a tax on paper goods Protests began led by Sons of Liberty Opposition to Stamp Act began to unite the colonies against Britain
Boston Tea Party Tea Tax angered colonists 1773: British Parliament gave the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies Colonists saw this as a scheme to hide the tea tax It only benefitted Britain, not the colonists Angry colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians climbed onto BEIC ships and dumped the tea into the harbor in protest Property damage, economic loss to the massive company
Coercive Acts Aka Intolerable Acts: British response to colonist protests (punishments) Quartering Act: colonists forced to house British soldiers Blockade of Boston Harbor: closed the port of Boston Many colonists infuriated: social contract clearly broken
Lexington & Concord The level of protest & political discontent in Massachusetts alarmed & angered the British government Britain declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion 1775: British soldiers & American militia-men exchanged gunfire at Lexington & soon fighting spread shot heard round the world
Second Continental Congress Created a continental army July 1776: Congress issued Declaration of Independence and renamed the 13 colonies as the United States of America Official break from England
Declaration of Independence We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it.
Revolutionary War Rebels/Patriots vs. British/Tories 1776: British forces capture NYC and attack Philadelphia 1777: British army coming from Canada is defeated at Battle of Saratoga (changed momentum) 1778: France joins with support for the Colonies 1778 1781: Stalemate 1781: Washington forced the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia 1783: Treaty of Paris France agreed to recognize the U.S. as an independent nation
Results of the War US = independent nation! Constitution: based on Enlightenment ideas and Montesquieu s separation of powers Citizens gained more political rights Trade: increased between American and Britain Expansion: Americans moved west of the Appalachians forced relocation of Native Americans French debt: bankrupt French Revolution
Enlightenment Influences Limited government No king Separation of powers Checks & balances Articles of Confederation establish the US as a republic People s will heard by voting Federal system: power divided between states & national gov. Bill of Rights
History Channel video clip Link: http://www.history.com/topics/americanrevolution/american-revolutionhistory/videos/american-revolution
Political Cartoon Analysis Assignment Exaggeration: cartoonists will overdo the physical characteristics in order to make a point Symbolism: simple objects standing for larger ideas Labeling: cartoonists label objects/people to make it very clear. Consider why something is labeled Analogy: comparison between 2 unlike things- can help reader see the issue in a new way Irony: difference between way things are & should be
After the Cartoon Analysis, you will complete a Revolutionary Documents chart- available in Google classroom or our class site We ll do the 1 st one together (now)
MAGNA CARTA WHEN? June 15, 1215 WHERE? England PRECEDING EVENTS: KING IMPOSING UNFAIR TAXES SUMMARY: The Magna Carta was the first written document presented to King John of England by his subjects intended to restrict his power and protect their rights. Historians consider it a major milestone in the history of constitutional law. The king imposed taxes on the Barons and the English people to pay to Pope Innocent III as sorry for retaliating against the Pope's choice for archbishop of Canterbury and to fund expeditions to attempt to regain lost territories. They did not agree with the ruthless way that the king ruled. In an attempt to bring the king under control, they drew up a list of their demands known as the Articles of the Barons in January of 1215. The Barons then began to fight the king with physical force, capturing London in May and forcing the king to agree to the meeting at Runnymede in June. Once the Magna Carta was signed, the Barons renewed the Oath of Fealty to the king. Copies of the Magna Carta were distributed to bishops, sheriffs and other nobles in England
Political Cartoon Analysis Cartoons DIRECTIONS: Use the following cartoons to complete the questions assignment. To the left of question 13, write Intolerable Acts Political cartoons (also known as editorial cartoons) are defined as illustrations or comic strips containing a political or social message that usually relates to current events or personalities.
Exit Ticket ANSWER ANY 2 QUESTIONS What is one similarity between the American Revolution and the English Glorious Revolution? What is one difference between the American Revolution and the English Glorious Revolution? How might the US be different today if we had lost the Revolutionary War?