IPUMS samples for NSSO (India) Presentation by- Subhash Chand Seddey Director General & CEO National Sample Survey Organization To workshop on Integrating Global Census Microdata Durban, South Africa 15-27 August 2009
Samples integrated into IPUMS National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), Government of India Socio-Economic Survey, Household Schedule 10: Employment and Unemployment Round no. 38 43 50 55 Year 1983 1987 1993 1999 Field work period Jan-Dec 1983 Jul 87-Jun 88 Jul 93-Jun 94 Jul 99-Jun 00 Person records (n) 623,494 667,848 564,740 596,688 Household records (n) 120,847 129,060 115,409 120,578 Sample fraction 0.09% 0.09% 0.07% 0.07% Round 60 to be launched in IPUMS next year
Samples integrated into IPUMS NSSO, Household Schedule 10: Employment and Unemployment Characteristics High precision: over 110,000 households Conducted at approximately five-year intervals Concepts, definitions, and procedures Carefully constructed to the highest international standards Great continuity from round-to-round Representative of All-India, urban-rural, regions Enumeration unit: Household (de jure) Respondent: Head of household (direct interview)
Series of Employment and Unemployment surveys Prior to 1972: Surveys of exploratory nature NSSO first collected data on employment and unemployment in the 9 th round (May- September, 1955), adopting a reference period of the week This was followed by numerous experimentations till 19 th round (1967-68).
Series of Employment and Unemployment surveys Series after 1972: Based on Dantwala Committee recommendations - Quinquennial surveys (large sample) 27 th round: July 1972-June 73 32 nd round: July 1977- June 78 38 th round: January-December 1983 43 rd round: July 1987- June 1988 50 th round: July 1993- June 1994 55 th round: July 1999- June 2000 61 st round: July 2004- June 2005 Annual surveys thin samples Starting from NSS 45 th round (1989-90) upto 59 th round (2003)
Objectives of Employment and Unemployment surveys To bring out various facets of employment and unemployment at the all-india and state level Provide estimates of various parameters: LFPR WPR UR Underemployment Labour mobility Participation in specified activities
Changes in concepts, definitions and procedure used in NSS surveys on employment and unemployment. Three aspects (see web version for details):- (i) changes in the coverage of production boundary, (ii) changes in the measurement techniques of the employment and unemployment indicators, and (iii) introduction of new items in different rounds and the experience of collection of data on such items with special reference to the magnitude of the estimate and sample sizes netted in the survey for such items.
Sampling Design Stratification: Rural Areas In NSS 27th round, strata were formed, within each region, by grouping tehsils (except in two cases where part of tehsils has been considered) which were (i) contiguous, (ii) having similar crop-pattern, population density and about the same altitude above sea level and (iii) having good transport and communication facilities amongst them. The formation of strata is done in such a way that total rural population is about the same for each stratum within a region in a state/union territory.
Sampling Design-Contd In NSS 32nd round, the whole of India was divided into a number of basic strata so that the basic strata do not cut across district boundaries. Each district with less than 1.5 million 1971 census rural population formed one basic stratum by itself except in Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh where some districts with less than 1.5 million population have been divided into two or more basic strata. A district with more than 1.5 million 1971 census rural population was divided into a number of basic strata, depending on its rural population, by grouping contiguous tehsils (sub-divisions in Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal) homogeneous as far as possible with respect to rural population density and crop pattern. Basic strata so formed was treated as basic strata for both rural and urban sectors.
Rural: In other NSS quinquennial rounds, generally each district (sometimes a group of them and part of a district in case of large districts) forms a separate stratum. However, in the 55th round, all small villages of population less than or equal 100 and all villages of population above 15000 formed two special strata ( no. 1 and 2, respectively) at the State level other than the districts as separate strata. Again, in NSS 61st round also in the rural areas, the basic stratum of the rural areas was formed comprising of all rural areas of the district
Stratification-Urban Areas In NSS 27th round, in each state/union territory, towns with population less than 50,000 during 1971 census formed stratum 1 and the remaining towns and cities, except the 4 cities, viz., Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Madras, formed stratum 2. Each one of these 4 big cities forms stratum 3 of its respective state. In other rounds, except in NSS 61st round, strata were formed within each NSS region by grouping cities and towns. In NSS 61st round, urban stratum was formed comprising of all the urban areas of the district.
Selection procedure of FSUs: The villages in rural areas and the urban frame survey blocks in the urban areas, generally constituted the frame for selection of FSUs, Rural: Circular systematically with probability proportional to population in general. In 55th round, equal probability sampling was adopted in the case special stratum 1 and PPS systematic sampling for the rest. In NSS 61st round, FSUs were selected by Probability Proportional to Size With Replacement (PPSWR), size being the population as per Population Census 2001.
Selection procedure of FSUs: Urban: Circular systematically with equal probability, in general. In 55th round, equal probability sampling was adopted in the case of urban. In NSS 61st round, FSUs were selected by Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). C. Selection procedure of SSUs (households): In NSS 38th round, households were selected by equal probability sampling. However, in NSS 43rd, 50th and 55th round, the households were selected by Circular systematically with equal probability. In NSS 61st round, the households were selected by SRSWOR.
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY ORGANISATION (NSSO)
History The need for sound database of various fields was keenly felt by Late Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. It was, at his instance a large scale sample survey agency known as NSS (National Sample Survey) came into existence in 1950. The work relating to finalisation of sampling design, schedules of enquiries, writing of instructions, training of field staff, processing of data and writing of reports was all entrusted to the Indian Statistical Institute.
History (continued) The Directorate of NSS was assigned the job of conducting the field work. In March 1970, the NSS was reorganized and all aspects of its work were brought under a single Government organization, namely NSSO under the overall technical guidance of Governing Council.
Functions of NSSO NSSO has been conducting multi-subject integrated sample surveys since 1950. Mainly four types Household Surveys Enterprise Surveys Village Facilities Land & Livestock holdings There is a well defined cycle of the surveys extending over a period of 10 years.
Schedule of Surveys Ten Year Cycle Consumer Expenditure and Employment & Unemployment - Twice Social Consumption (health, education etc.) - Twice Un-organised Manufacturing - Twice Un-organised services Land & Livestock holdings Open Round - Twice - Once - Once (Special surveys are also undertaken) Annual Consumer Expenditure and Employment & Unemployment Surveys (thin sample)
Other Activities of NSSO Field work of Annual Survey of Industries. Technical guidance to states in the field of agricultural statistics for conducting crop estimation surveys through the Improvement of Crop Statistics scheme. Collection of data on Rural retail prices from shops/outlets in selected markets located in a sample of 603 villages for construction of Consumer Price Index (CPI) numbers of Agricultural Rural Labourers by Labour Bureau. Collecting retail prices from 310 towns for compilation of Consumer Price Index (Urban). Conducts Urban Frame Survey (UFS) for providing sampling frame of first stage units in the urban sector.
Organisational Structure The NSSO is headed by the DG & CEO. The organisation has four Divisions: Survey Design and Research Division (SDRD) Field Operations Division (FOD) Data Processing Division(DPD) Coordination & Publication Division (CPD)
Publications Reports on various rounds of NSSO Surveys. A total of 526 NSS Reports have been released till date. Biannual technical journal Sarvekshana 1. For publication of Sarvekshana, there is an Editorial Advisory Board (EAB). 2. The journal Sarvekshana publishes the integrated summaries on various rounds of NSSO Surveys. 3. It also includes research papers on various socio economic surveys. 4. 91 Issues of the Journal have so far been released. 5. 92 nd Issue is under release.
Dissemination of survey results and data in e-form Results of NSSO surveys are brought out in the form of NSS reports available at the website of the Ministry (www.mospi.nic.in). So far, 526 reports have been brought out. Reports are also put on the website. National seminars are organized to discuss the survey results. So far 7 National Seminars have been conducted. NSS 62 nd round survey subjects were discussed in the seventh Seminar at New Delhi in September, 2008. Validated unit level data relating to various surveys of NSSO are available on magnetic media (CD-ROM) for sale at nominal prices.
See workshop web-site for additional details Schedule 10 procedures (see India ) & Division activities and responsibilities (see NSSO ): www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/ipums-global THANKS