SUBJECT: History Std IX 2017-2018 First Phase of the Indian National Movement I Structured questions - a The period from 1885 to 1905 was dominated by the Early Nationalists. In this context, answer the following questions - i What were the objectives of the Early Nationalists? The first objective of the Moderates was - 1. To educate people in India in modern politics, to arouse national political consciousness and to create a united public opinion. The second objective of the Moderates was - 1. To influence the British government and the British public. What methods did they adopt? The method, popularly known as Constitutional Agitation Method was followed by Early Nationalists. 1. They held meetings where speeches were made and resolutions for popular demands were passed. 2. They made use of the press to carry out a criticism of the government policies. 3. They sent memorandums and petitions to government officials and the British Parliament. 4. These petitions were carefully drafted with facts and arguments. 5. They made use of three P's i.e. Petitions, Prayers and Protests. They sent petitions, requests and protest to the British government to look into the problems of the Indians. 6. A British Committee of the Indian National Congress was set up in London in 1889 which published a weekly journal, India, to present India's case before the British public. 7. Deputations of Indian leaders were sent to Britain. These political leaders carried on active propaganda in Britain. b Identify the person in the picture and discuss his contribution to India s freedom struggle under the following heads ( 1 )
i i c Why was he called India s Unofficial Ambassador? 1. During his stay in England, he fought for the cause of his country. 2. In 1865, he founded the London Indian Society in collaboration with W.C Bonnerjee to publicize grievances of Indians. 3. He was the first Indian to become the member of the British House of Commons in England. 4. While a member of the British Parliament, he brought to the notice of the House important matters related to India. 5. It was due to his efforts that in 1893 the House of Commons passed a resolution in favour of holding the I.C.S Examination in England and India simultaneously. 6. In 1866, he founded the East India Association in London. What was his contribution as a member of the Congress? 1. He took an active part in the foundation of the Indian National Congress. 2. He was elected President thrice. 3. Resolutions on Self government, Boycott, Swadeshi and National Education were passed by the Congress under his President ship. 4. The credit for demanding Swaraj from the Congress platform for the first time goes to him. What were Dadabhai Naoroji's views on Indian economy? 1. Dadabhai Naoroji came to the conclusion that the root cause for the economic ills of India was the exploitation of India by the British. 2. His famous Drain Theory explained how India's wealth was being drained to England through various ways. 3. His views are given in the work entitled Poverty and Un- British Rule in India. With reference to the picture given below answer the questions that follow- ( 2 )
i What policies of the British Government did Gopal Krishna Gokhale oppose? 1. Gokhale favoured the use of constitutional means to achieve his goal. 2. He opposed the policies of the British Government whenever necessary. 3. He criticised the Government on issues such as: Incurring huge expenditure on the English army. Adopting the policy of racial discrimination in appointments to high posts. Imposing production tax on cotton. 4. He made a strong plea for the reform of the Legislative Councils and separation of judiciary from the executive. 5. He played an important role in the passage of Minto-Morley Reforms. 6. He also served as a member of the Indian Public Service Commission and urged it to increase the share of Indians in higher services. 7. During his visit to England he tried to persuade the British statesman not to give effect to the Partition of Bengal. What was the main aim of the Servants of India Society? 1. Gokhale set up the Servants of India Society in 1905. 2. The main aim of the Society was to train national leaders who would dedicate themselves to the service of India. 3. Some of the important members of the society were Srinivas Shastri and Hridaynath Kunzru. i What was Gokhale's role as a member of Imperial Legislative Council? 1. In 1902 Gokhale became the member of the Imperial Legislative Council. 2. He pleaded in the Council for reduction in Salt Duty and the abolition of excise duty on cotton goods. 3. His relentless efforts let to reduction in toll tax. 4. He tried to introduce a bill with a view to make primary education compulsory but he could not achieve much success in it. 5. Being an economist, he demanded radical changes in the fiscal policy and better jobs for the educated middle class. ( 3 )
6. He impressed upon the government to reduce the land revenue. d Look at the picture and answer the questions that follow i Who founded the Indian Association? What were its aims? 1. Surendranath Banerjee founded Indian Association in 1876 to fight against the wrong policies of the British. 2. Its aims were to educate the people; to create strong public opinion in the country and to arouse political consciousness and unity. What was India's political goal according to Surendranath Banerjee? 1. Surendranath Banerjee edited a newspaper, Bengalee, which served as a powerful medium for mobilising public opinion. 2. His book, Nation in the Making, gives an account of his political concern and his views about self-government. 3. Banerjee started agitation against the Licence Act, Arms Act, Vernacular Press Act and against lowering the age from 21 to 19 years to appear in the I.C.S. Examination. 4. He opposed the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 which introduced separate electorates for the Hindus and the Muslims. 5. He also opposed the division of Bengal by Lord Curzon in 1905. Objective questions i Name the person who was awarded the title of C.I.E(Companion of the Indian Empire) Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Who accepted Gokhale as his political mentor? Gandhiji. i Name the Indian who qualified the ICS examination for the first time? Surendranath Banerjee. ( 4 )
iv Who was known as the Grand Old Man of India? Dadabhai Naoroji. v Who was popularly known as the Father of Indian Nationalism? Surendranath Banerjee. vi Name the All India Political Organization convened by Surendranath Banerjee in 1883. Indian National Conference. ( 5 )