Lessons from the Monitoring of Programmes with a Focus on Sustainable Cities, Human Mobility and International Migration Dr. Benoit Kalasa, Director Technical Division United Nations Population Fund 09 April 2018 1
Human Mobility: overview 20 16 Total Population of Nigeria 14.0 12.0 3.3% global population 10.0 12 8 4 Percent Migrant Population residing in Nigeria 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 Median age: 39 years 15% of international migrants < 20 years 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+ 0.0 34% in SSA <20 years 12 8 Total Population of South Africa Migrant Population residing in South Africa 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 48% female and rising 4 4.0 2.0 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+ 0.0 UN Population Division: International Migrant Stock and World Population Prospects, 2015 2
Cities attract Migrants / Youth Cities include high numbers of migrants Cities attract young people - working age Table: Distribution of migrants by rural/urban Source: (2013) National Population Commission NIGERIA States Urban (in %) Rural (in %) Abuja (FCT) 85.1 14.9 Abia 48.4 51.6 Adamawa 58.3 41.7 Anambra 98.0 2.0 Bayelsa 62.4 37.6 Cross River 41.5 58.5 Gombe 58.5 41.5 Kaduna 68.4 31.6 Kano 55.1 44.9 Kwara 69.7 30.3 Lagos 97.0 3.0 Oyo 84.0 16.0 3
Human mobility and Advancing the ICPD ICPD objectives under-gird programmatic responses to human mobility: Address root causes of migration, reduce pressures leading to refugees Ensure protection against racism and xenophobia Improve security and quality of life {in cities} Provide adequate health education and social services 4
Moving to search for jobs Job seeking is among the primary reasons for both international migration and movement into urban areas across the world. Source: Survey on Migration (EMIF Norte) 5
Human Mobility & Demographic Dividend Investments in human capital development to harness a demographic dividend should be informed by trends in youth mobility 12 Total Population of South Africa Percent 8 4 Migrant Population residing in South Africa 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+ 6
Protect Transiting PLUS Local Populations UNFPA s humanitarian initiative in Greece offers a new model of integrated programming for mobile PLUS local populations Training multiple sectors in SRH, GBV, life skill counselling to better serve all those in need migrants, refugees, local population In 2017 - touched >20 refugee/migrant camps and a host population of 381,7612 7
Joblessness affects Integration World Values Survey (2010-14) covering 57 countries: A median of only 21.5 % would not like immigrants as neighbours While a median of 71.1 % feel employees should give priority to natives if jobs are scarce 8
Enhance Employment for All Rural job growth needed across the LMIC Promise of regional training and economic zones from Asia. Recognized for Africa in new AU efforts on African Regionalization Many new youth programmes capitalize on the clustering of young people in urban areas Successfully serving both local and migrant youth & promoting integration 9
Enhance Urban Safety & Connectivity In cities across the world, Mayors and City Councils are addressing urban violence: Cairo - using women s safety audits Quito - reducing violence on public transport Mexico City - operating women only buses TECHFUGEES a global network is improving internet access for refugees in 26 countries 10
Advance Universal Health Care A recognized challenge when many lack health care Thailand s universal health coverage includes documented and undocumented migrants and is cost-effective for managing migrant chronic disease; Returns on SRH investments are also costeffective: giving pregnant migrant women prenatal care generated up to 48% savings in Germany & Greece, up to 69% in Sweden 11
Include migration questions in ALL population censuses, improve registration, support Big Data on refugees, improve data on slum populations 30 25 20 25 26 Improve Data 22 20 23 24 28 28 21 21 17 15 10 5 7 12 10 5 8 7 12 0 Africa North America South America Asia Europe Oceania Country of Birth Citizenship Year or period of arrival UNFPA (2017) Migration Questions in 2010 Census Questionnaires 12
Summary Lessons A key lesson from the SGs report on Programming is that interventions for migrants and refugee populations have greater success if they enhance the well-being of both mobile and local populations: Development for all DD job creation Protecting all persons enhance urban safety Providing recourse and counsel to reduce GBV Striving for universal access to services 13
Thank you 14