IOM INDONESIA Cases of Human Trafficking and Forced Labour in Fisheries Vienna, 26 September 2017
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TIP IN INDONESIAN FISHING INDUSTRY TAREMPA WHERE IN INDONESIA? BAU-BAU
Nov. 22, 2014 workers in Benjina, Indonesia, load fish onto a cargo ship bound for Thailand. Burmese fishermen raise their hands as they are asked who among them want to go home Majority of recruitment actors are individual recruiter Indonesia, A Case of Human Trafficking, Benjina & Ambon
What happened in 2015?
TRAFFICKED FOREIGNFISHERMAN NUMBER BY YEARS Nationalities 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Children Adults Cambodian 0 65 1 43 5 25 0 22 0 138 2 72 373 Myanmar 0 36 1 28 1 100 2 156 5 999 1 74 1,403 Thai 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 3 1 66 0 0 87 Laos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 13 Laos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 Grand Total 0 101 2 71 6 133 2 181 6 1,216 3 158 1,879 Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
NUMBER OF FISHERMAN IDENTIFIED AS VOTS BY NATIONALITIES AND AGE Male Nationalities Total Children Adults Myanmar 9 1,317 1,328 Indonesian 14 269 283 Cambodian 6 293 299 Thai 1 77 78 Lao 0 13 13 Grand Total 30 1,969 1,999 Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
ASSISTED INDONESIAN FISHERMEN NUMBER BY STRANDED COUNTRY Stranded Country Male Children Adults Total Trinidad and Tobago 0 155 155 South Africa 0 76 76 Ivory Coast 0 22 22 Malaysia 6 5 11 Mauritius 6 1 7 Venezuela 0 3 3 Indonesia* 3 0 3 Colombia 0 2 2 Fiji 0 2 2 Hong Kong 0 1 1 Taiwan** 0 1 1 Grand Total 15 268 283 * Domestic Movement; ** Province of China Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen by Stranded Country Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN AGE Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 37.5% 27.2% 17.0% 13.1% n = 283 3.5% 1.1% 0.7% 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 25.4% 16.2% 3.7% 0.1% 21.1% 14.6% 9.3% n =1718 4.8% 2.7% 1.5% 0.5% 0.1% Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN WHEN HUMAN TRAFFICKING BEGAN Age: trafficked vs assisted 25% 26% 23% 21% 19% 13% 16% 13% n =2001 11% 8% 4% 5% 7% 1% 2% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% under 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 15 When TiPd When assisted
PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen MARITAL STATUS Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 1.77% 2.12% n = 283 1.11% 4.37% n =1718 Divorced Divorced 20.14% Married Married Single Widow/er 27.18% Separated 75.97% 66.24% Single 0.76% Widow/er Individuals who are single: make financial contributions to immediate family members (i.e parents, siblings) Married victims: financially support spouses, immediate families and children Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
2% PROFILE OF TRAFFICKED FISHERMEN ECONOMIC STATUS & EDUCATION BACKGROUND Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 3% 98% Poor Standard n = 283 97% Poor Very Poor n =1718 100 95 450 420 90 80 400 80 350 70 65 300 60 50 250 40 200 30 150 17 20 12 10 100 10 2 1 50 0 0 395 312 295 148 71 64 5 3 Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen REASONS OF LEAVING HOME 0.71% 3.53% 27.56% 6.71% 61.48% n = 283 Economic problem Education problem Personal problem Seeking better job Unemployment Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Foreign Trafficked Fishermen REASONS OF LEAVING HOME n =1718 0.17% 1.34% 0.76% 0.06% Deception/False Promises 22.41% 0.06% 0.35% Economic problem Personal and Family problem Seeking better job 74.80% Social political problem; conflict, race Unemployment Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen RECRUITER 400 200 0 23 n =283 1 2 257 1500 1491 Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 1000 500 0 18 38 2 13 11 6 139 Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN RECRUITMENT PATTERNS (AMBON CASE) Other 4% Does not answer 1% I was transferred by the captain Quit the previous boat 4% and joined another one 16% I was recruited 7% The captain changed boat and brought me along 1% Looking for a job 13% I was trafficked 27% I was invited and/or requested 15% IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015
RECRUITMENT OF FISHERMEN Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 3% 1% 96% POSSESSION OF WORKING CONTRACT (NO DATA) No Yes Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 7% n =1718 No Yes n = 283 93% Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
MOVEMENT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen POSSESSION OF DOCUMENTS 19% 81% No Yes Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen n =1718 3% No Yes n = 283 97% Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
MOVEMENT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen TYPE OF TRANSPORTATION 13.15% 60.83% n =1718 25.90% Land Mixed Sea Air Land Mixed n = 283 Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 92.58% 4.95% 2.47% Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
EXPLOITATION WORKING CONDITION DURING EMPLOYMENT Indonesian Trafficked Fishermen 99% 96% 100% 94% 93% 83% 88% 86% 35% 39% n = 283 One fishermen could suffer multiple working condition Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
EXPLOITATION WORKING CONDITION DURING EMPLOYMENT Foreign Trafficked Fishermen 98% 99% 100% 88% 86% 91% 94% 84% 86% 30% n =1718 One fishermen could suffer multiple working condition Source: IOM Indonesia Counter Trafficking Data Base 2011-2015
EXCESSIVE WORKING HOURS How long is the daily working hours? 2% 13% 8% EXPLOITATION 31% 46% 10-15 Hours 16-20 Hours 21-24 Hours Under 10 Hours Does Not Answer IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015
Has there ever been any other stuff or individual (i.e. boat crew) being transferred from other boats into your fishing boat? 1% 6% 38% 55% Yes No Does Not Know Does Not Answer IOM Indonesia survey result to 285 fishermen in Ambon, August 2015
3 Counter-Trafficking Approach IOM Counter-trafficking Activities in Indonesia: 5 Pillars Strategy PARTNERSHIP POLICY PROTECTION PREVENTION PROSECUTION
3 Counter-Trafficking Approach PROTECTION SPHEREDIRECT ASSISTANCE VICTIM IDENTIFICATION R E F L E C T I O N SHELTER & RECOVERY INTEGRATION DESTINATION or THIRD COUTNRY OR REINTEGRATION Graphic designed by Shafira Ayunindya, CT/LM Unit, IOM Indonesia
3 Counter-Trafficking Approach ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY IOM IN PARTNERSHIP WITH RELATED STAKEHOLDERS RECOVERY Receiving Country Government NGO & FBO Police Embassies/Con sulates Immigration Medical Staff Social Worker IOM & IGOs IDENTIFICATION Receiving Country Government Social Ministry Health Ministry NGO & FBO Hospital IOM & IGOs Social Ministry Embassy Immigration Foreign Affairs NGO & FBO Community IOM & IGOs RETURN REINTEGRATION Social Ministry NGO & FBO Private Sector Community IOM & IGOs BNP2TKI
Reintegration Assistance Livelihood support is key to preventing further exploitation
Small business training for former trafficked fishermen in Cambodia
Enforcement, cooperation key to protecting the next generation
THANK YOU VERY MUCH For further information, please contact IOM Indonesia Sampoerna Strategic Square, North Tower Floor 12A Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kav. 45-46 Jakarta 12930, Indonesia Tel: + 62 21 5795 1275, Fax: + 62 21 5795 1274 Email: countertraffickinginindonesia@iom.int http://www.iom.or.id