Corporations and Associations

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Corporations and Associations

CHAPTER 15 CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS 1. Corporations and Associations Whether corporations or associations may be prosecuted as defendants in a criminal court depends on the language or intent of the statute alleged to be violated. The leading case on the subject of criminal liability of corporations is Vaughan & Sons v. State Vaughan held that a corporation could commit the crime of criminally negligent homicide. Because of the complexities that accompany the prosecution of a corporation or association, it is more common to see prosecutors opt to pursue criminal criminal liability for acts committed on behalf of a corporation or association. See Sabine Consol. Inc. v. State to any administrative penalty imposed against the corporation. Ex parte Canady, 140 S.W.3d 845 (Tex. Checklist 15-1 Script/Notes or agency, trust, partnership, or two or more persons having a joint or common economic interest. a partner in a partnership; or an agent of a corporation or association who has duties of such responsibility that his or her conduct may reasonably be assumed to represent the policy of the corporation or association. 1. Summoning corporation or association: The court must summons the corporation or association. The summons is in the same complaint must accompany the summons. See TMCEC 2017 Forms Book: Corporate Summons. 341

b. d. The corporation or association has until 10:00 a.m. on the Monday after the 20th day after service to answer. registered agent or a high managerial agent. No individual may be arrested upon a association. and and The corporation or association must appear through counsel. entering a plea. (2) Ten full days must elapse after the day of appearance before the corporation may be tried. appear in response to a summons, or appears but fails or refuses to plead: for all purposes; (2) The court shall enter a plea of not guilty on its behalf; and (3) The court may proceed with the trial, judgment, and sentencing.. This is the only instance in a criminal case where a defendant may be tried in absentia. Because a corporation or association cannot be taken into custody pursuant to, it is presumed that such defendants cannot be charged with Failure ), which requires a showing that a person was lawfully released from custody. 342

response to summons, a corporation or association is absent without good cause at any time during later proceedings: for all purposes; and (2) The court may proceed with trial, judgment, or sentencing. 3. Criminal responsibility: performed by an agent acting on behalf of a corporation or association and within the the corporation or association is criminally corporations or association are made subject thereto; legislative purpose to impose criminal responsibility on corporations or associations plainly appears; or liability is imposed unless a legislative purpose not to impose criminal responsibility plainly appears. prosecution of a corporation or association under that the high managerial agent having supervisory responsibility over the subject matter of the its commission. 343

c. Court may sentence the corporation to pay $2,000. The court may order the corporation or association to give notice of the conviction to any person the court deems appropriate. a high managerial agent, notice is given when the conviction becomes (2) The notice of conviction of a corporation or high managerial agent shall include: (a) The corporation s name, the registered agents, and the address of the high managerial agent s name and address, or both. judgment, sentence, and complaint on which the judgment and sentence were based. This may be construed to include deferred disposition. shall not be available to corporations or associations. 5. Enforcement of judgment: No individual may be arrested upon judgment or sentence entered against a corporation or association. 344

b. When the sentence against a defendant costs, it shall be discharged after: (1) The amount has been fully paid; (2) The execution has been fully any other manner. execution against the defendant s property in the same manner as in a civil suit. 345

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