Realizing Global Maritime Surveillance Security and utilization of the ocean
Overview Piracy/Security Problems and their causes Consequences Topical precautionary measures Criticism Suggested improvement
Problems and their reasons Somalia: failed state since 1991 -> economic deficit, unemployment, hopelessness, corruption Nigeria: exploitation by oil companies, corrupt government, difference between ethnic and religious minorities
Problems Western nations fishing is destroying jobs Carelessness of the oil companies annoys the local population poverty, hopelessness, corruption of the governments
Consequences Hijacking, taking hostages -> demanding ransom money Threat of world trade
Topical precautionary measures Atalanta mission since 2008: drawing up a naval protection fleet against piracy Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Great Britain
Tasks of the German navy Protection of the ships of the Food and Agriculture Organization with the help of soldiers on board of these In each case protection of civil ships Surveillance of the costal area in front of Somalia Deterrent, prevention and termination of piratical activities, even by using violence
Criticism Just by protecting trading ships, the problem of piracy won t be stopped permanently A decrease in piratical actions is remarkable, but as long as piracy remains profitable, it will continue
Suggested improvements (external tasks) 1. controlled, aggressive actions: operating with special forces to guarantee safe enlightenment of pirate hideouts 2. Masterminds in Kenia and London suspected to control piratical actions -> track them down and arrest them
Suggested improvements (internal structure) 3. Educational, vocational and economic perspectives are missing in these countries Establish a working government to work on educational and economical deficits with the help of aid agencies Establish a working police and coastguard In Nigeria, the governenment has to fight corruption -> providing funds for the citizens The oil companies have to end their careless and reckless environmental pollution to stop incuring the citizens hatred
Problems Overview Utilization of the ocean -Searching for oil/other resources -Fishing Suggested improvement -Searching for oil/other resources -Fishing
Problems of searching for resources Only 1% of the deep sea has been researched -> companies take advantage of non-existent preservation of nature -> concerns search for oil and other resources
Problems of searching for resources Because of non-existing surveillance, the sea and its inhabitants could suffer Under actual conditions effective controls are nearly impossible
Suggested improvement of searching for resources Progress in deep sea research Tighter onshore and coastal controls could be a first step People have to think and behave more unselfishly. Inspectors have to be reliable and resistant to any attempt to corrupt them
Problems of fishing Wamer (West African Marine Ecoregion) Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Cape Verde Islands Some nations have to manage long ways to fisheries Many fishermen can no longer fish, some of those -now unemployed- work for drug cartells
Problems of fishing Hardly any jobs for local inhabitants on foreign fishing fleets Fleets are ->fishing in overfished areas ->taking over the areas of small fishermen In 2009 a 50.000 ha area was established near the coast of Senegal as a protection zone for fish ->funding for an effective enforcement is missing
Suggested improvement of fishing WWF guarantee fair conditions Direct support: instruction to protect fish stocks Controls have to be intensified Control of the determined amount of fish Re-naturalization by fishermen ->fishermen are responsible for the amount of fish Funding for support has to be available
Gymnasium Wellingdorf Project by: Steffen Geidus/Benjamin Krause (Security) Hannes Kock/Chantal Seiter (Utilization of resources