Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship Series Editors Robin Cohen Department of International Development University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom Zig Layton-Henry Department of Politics and Internationa University of Warwick Kenilworth, United Kingdom
Aim of the Series Editorial Board: Rainer Baubock, European University Institute, Italy; James F. Hollifield, Southern Methodist University, USA; Daniele Joly, University of Warwick, UK; Jan Rath, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship series covers three important aspects of the migration process: firstly, the determinants, dynamics and characteristics of international migration. Secondly, the continuing attachment of many contemporary migrants to their places of origin, signified by the word diaspora, and thirdly the attempt, by contrast, to belong and gain acceptance in places of settlement, signified by the word citizenship. The series publishes work that shows engagement with and a lively appreciation of the wider social and political issues that are influenced by international migration. This series develops from our Migraton, Minorities and Citizenship series, which published leading figures in the field including Steven Vertovec, Daniele Joly, Adrian Favell, John Rex, Ewa Morawska and Jan Rath. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14044
Izabela Grabowska Michał P. Garapich Ewa Jaźwińska Agnieszka Radziwinowiczówna Migrants as Agents of Change Social Remittances in an Enlarged European Union
Izabela Grabowska University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland Centre of Migration Research University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Ewa Jaźwińska Centre of Migration Research University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland Michał P. Garapich Social Sciences University of Roehampton London, United Kingdom Agnieszka Radziwinowiczówna Centre of Migration Research University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship ISBN 978-1-137-59065-7 ISBN 978-1-137-59066-4 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-59066-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946997 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 Th e author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Th e use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Th e publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image Jon Helgason / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper Th is Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature Th e registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom
To our interviewees
Acknowledgements This book is the result of three years of intensive and collaborative immersion into the complex field of social remittances within the enlarged European Union (EU). We would foremost like to thank the National Science Centre ( Narodowe Centrum Nauki ) for funding the project entitled Cultural diffusion through social remittances between Poland and the UK, which allowed us not just to collect data but to pursue an altogether fascinating scholarly adventure. This book is the best crop resulting from our research encounters and although each one of us was responsible for a particular aspect of the study and the corresponding chapters of the book, we freely exchanged ideas, critiques and insights that enriched each other s work. In this sense it was a collective intellectual endeavour and we bear collective responsibility for the outcomes presented in this book. Any list of names will be marred by unintentional omission, but here we would like especially to thank Justyna Sarnowska and Lidia Glowacka for their involvement at different stages of this study, for their hard work and insightful comments. The book would not be readable without the linguistic help of Tony Rzepkowski and Jan Warndorff thank you to both. In addition, many friends and colleagues contributed to this book by offering insights and encouragement during conferences, seminars, workshops, and small and big conversations at the office. Thank you, all. vii
viii Acknowledgements Th is book is about real people and the consequences of their actions. We are thus especially indebted to our interviewees. We would like to thank all of you who generously gave us your time, and for your willingness to share with us your experience and for allowing us to enter into your lives several times over the course of this study. Unfortunately, professional ethics and our commitment to anonymity prohibit us from thanking you by name. However, we trust that we treated your experiences and actions with the respect and understanding they fully deserve.
Contents 1 Introduction: Social Remittances and Hand-Made Change by Migrants 1 2 Process of Transfer of Social Remittances in the European Union 11 3 Transnational Multisited Qualitative Longitudinal Research in Investigating Social Remittances and Change 35 4 Researched Communities in Poland and in the UK: Transnational Spaces of Diffusion and Social Remittances 53 5 Observing, Acquiring, Resisting: Migrants Agency in the Web of Social Remittances 111 6 Collective Outcomes of Social Remittances: Reactions of Local Communities (Acceptance and Resistance) 137 ix
x Contents 7 Migrants as Agents of Micro Social Changes 169 8 Conclusions 215 Bibliography 225 Index 243
List of Tables Table 3.1 Table 3.2 Table 4.1 Table 7.1 Table 7.2 Table 7.3 Table 7.4 Table 7.5 Table 7.6 An overview of ethnographic visits to selected sites in Poland 46 An overview of sampling of individuals according to study site and type of interviewee 48 Overview of key characteristics of three selected communities 107 Detailed overview of all selected testimonials: bundles of return migrants and their followers 177 Key features of social remitting trajectory of cosmetician from Sokolka 181 Key features of social remitting trajectory of bar tender from Pszczyna 188 Key features of social remitting trajectory of town socialiser from Pszczyna 197 Key features of social remitting trajectory of nurse from Trzebnica 203 Summary overview of social remitting trajectories of all filtered agents of change 212 xi
List of Charts Chart 2.1 Chart 3.1 Chart 3.2 Chart 7.1 Chart 8.1 Chart 8.2 Conceptual model of social remitting process and its modalities with human agency at the forefront (Source: Own elaboration) 33 The general sketch of sampling procedure and field simultaneity of researchers in transnational spaces between Poland and the UK (Source: Own elaboration) 44 Research design and practice (Source: Own elaboration inspired by Bishop and Neale (2012)) 50 Procedure of selection of migrants as agents of change for further research processing (Source: Own presentation) 176 Summary of social remitting process (Source: Own elaboration) 216 Combination of features of a migrant agent of change: an overview (Source: Own elaboration) 220 xiii
List of Maps Map 4.1 Transnational Sokolka-Londyn (Source: Designed by Radziwinowiczówna) 57 Map 4.2 Pszczyna and the British Isles where the migrants live (Source: Designed by Radziwinowiczówna) 84 Map 4.3 Trzebnica and the British Isles where the migrants live (Source: Designed by Radziwinowiczówna) 98 xv