INTERNATIONAL SINGLE WINDOW CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION Cross-Border e-commerce in Asia: Recent Development 4 October 2017 Accra, Republic of Ghana Sangwon Lim Trade, Investment and Innovation Division United Nations ESCAP 1
Contents Regional State of Play Development in the Region Discussion 2
Regional State of Play Development in the Region Discussion 3
Implementation of trade facilitation and Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP member states) Source: The second global survey on trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation (2017) 4 4
100% Implementation of trade facilitation and Paperless Trade (Regional Average by Measures) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Transparency Formalities Institutional Paperless trade Cross-border Transit Trade Trade Women and arrangement paperless trade facilitation facilitation and facilitation and trade and SMEs agriculture facilitation cooperation trade Source: The second global survey on trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation (2017) 5
Implementation of trade facilitation and Paperless Trade (WTO TFA Measures) Art. 8: National legislative framework and institutional arrangement are Art. 2: Stakeholders' consultation on new draft regulations (prior to Art. 1.2: Publication of existing import-export regulations on the internet Art. 7.4: Risk management Art. 7.3: Separation of Release from final determination of customs Art. 10.2: Acceptance of paper or electronic copies of supporting Art. 7.1: Pre-arrival processing Art. 4: Independent appeal mechanism Art. 23: National Trade Facilitation Committee Art. 7.5: Post-clearance audit Art. 2.1: Advance publication/notification of new regulations before Art. 3: Advance ruling (on tariff classification) Art. 7.2: E-Payment of Customs Duties and Fees Art. 7.7: Expedited shipments Art. 10.4: Electronic Single Window System Art. 7.6: Establishment and publication of average release times Art. 7.7: Trade facilitation measures for authorized operators 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Fully implemented Partially implemented Pilot stage of implementation Not implemented Source: The second global survey on trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation (2017) 6
Implementation of trade facilitation and Paperless Trade (WTO TFA Measures: Transit-related) Art. 11: Cooperation between agencies of countries involved in transit Art. 10: Customs Authorities limit the physical inspections of transit goods and use risk assessment Art. 8: Alignment of working days and hours with neighbouring countries at border crossings Art. 8: Alignment of formalities and procedures with neighbouring countries at border crossings Art. 11: Supporting pre-arrival processing for transit facilitation 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Fully implemented Partially implemented Pilot stage of implementation Not implemented Source: The second global survey on trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation (2017) 7
Number of countries where implementation of a measure has progressed most Implementation of trade facilitation and Paperless Trade Measures (Least Implemented) Top 5 least implemented measures in Asia-Pacific 15 10 5 0 Electronic Application Electronic Application Electronic exchange of Electronic exchange of Traders in your country and Issuance of for Customs Refunds Certificate of Origin Sanitary & Phyto- apply for letters of Preferential Certificate Sanitary Certificate credit electronically of Origin from banks or insurers without lodging paperbased documents Fully implemented Partially implemented Pilot stage of implementation Source: The second global survey on trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation (2017) 8
Developed Economies East Asia Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Carribean Middle East and North Africa Pacific Islands South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Global Average Implementation of trade facilitation and Paperless Trade (Comparison by Groups across Regions) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Transparency Formalities Institutional arrangement and cooperation Paperless trade Cross-border paperless trade Source: The second global survey on trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation (2017) 9
Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Congo Cote d'ivoire DRC Gabon Guinea Lesotho Madagascar Mali Sierra Leone Sudan Swaziland Uganda Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Implementation of trade facilitation and Paperless Trade (Sub-Saharan African Countries) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Transparency Formalities Institutional arrangement and cooperation Paperless trade Cross-border paperless trade Source: The second global survey on trade facilitation and paperless trade implementation (2017) 10
Regional State of Play Development in the Region Discussion 11
Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific: Overview A new UN digital trade facilitation treaty developed by ESCAP member states Support moving towards digital economy and society Support effective implementation of WTO TFA 12 http://www.unescap.org/resources/framework-agreement-facilitation-cross-border-paperless-trade-asia-and-pacific
Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific: Progress 13
Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific: Implementation Framework Agreement Guides Cross-border Mutual Recognition (Art. 8) General Principles (Art. 5) Domestic Paperless Trade Environment (Arts. 6 & 7) Improve Parties Participate in Institutional Arrangements (Art. 11) Int l Standards (Art. 9) & Legal Instruments (Art. 10) Action Plan (Art. 12) Pilot Projects (Art. 13) Capacity Building (Art. 14) 14
Advancement in Single Windows and e-commerce 1. Enabling Cross-border Electronic Data Exchange Exporting Country Buy Ship Pay Importing Country Prepare for Export Export Transport Prepare for Import Import Goods Finance Information * Used part of UN/CEFACT Buy-Ship-Pay Model Border 15
Advancement in Single Windows and e-commerce (Cont d) User Perspectives on Advancing Single Windows: Case of Republic of Korea Source: Survey outcome from ESCAP study on regional best practices of Single Windows, 2017 (Unpublished) 16
Advancement in Single Windows and e-commerce (Cont d) 2. Proliferation of (Sub)Regionalism to Facilitate Cross-border e- Commerce/Paperless Trade (Sub)Region as a practical and optimal building block for facilitation 17
Advancement in Single Windows and e-commerce (Cont d) 3. Application of Emerging ICTs for More Sustainable, Inclusive and Interoperable Operation and Services Internet of Things (IOT) Big Data Cloud Computing Artificial Intelligence (AI) Block Chain Facilitate ubiquitous interaction Facilitate real-time tracking and tracing of cargoes Enhance better decision-making in selectivity and risk management Facilitate ubiquitous service (service availability anywhere and anytime) Facilitate user-driven service creation Enhance better decision-making in selectivity and risk management Enhance security and integrity of data and information exchange, including financial data 18
Regional State of Play Development in the Region Discussion 19
Advancing Single Windows and e-commerce across Borders Facilitate (Cross-border) Paperless Trade Enable interoperability for cross-border paperless trade data exchange to realize seamless global value chain - Harmonize legal and technical discrepancies using international standards and international legal instruments - Narrow capacity gaps Harness emerging ICTs to innovate operation and services of Single Windows and paperless trade systems Take advantage of (sub)regional (intergovernmental) platforms to ensure sustainability and interoperability (regionalism) 20
Thank you www.unescap.org/our-work/trade-investment/trade-facilitation unnext.unescap.org * Contact for Queries and Comments: lim6@un.org 21