ROLL CALL PRESENT: Trustees Cleary, Ahrendt, Szymanski, Gardner, Kuhlman and Wehling. ABSENT: President Lohmann.

Similar documents
ROLL CALL PRESENT: President Lohmann and Trustees Cleary, Szymanski, Gardner, Kuhlman and Wehling. ABSENT: Trustee Ahrendt.

ROLL CALL PRESENT: President Lohmann and Trustees Cleary, Ahrendt, Szymanski, Gardner, Kuhlman and Wehling. ABSENT: None.

ROLL CALL PRESENT: President Lohmann and Trustees Cleary, Ahrendt, Szymanski, Gardner, Kuhlman and Wehling. ABSENT: None.

STAFF PRESENT: Clerk Janett Conner, Administrator Robert Barber and Chief Jeffrey Weissgerber.

STAFF PRESENT: Clerk Janett Conner, Administrator Robert Barber, Chief Jeffrey Weissgerber and Public Works Superintendent Harold Bud Cowger.

All present joined in the Pledge to the Flag. President Szymanski called the meeting to order.

REGULAR MEETING OF THE PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES VILLAGE OF STOCKTON JO DAVIESS COUNTY, ILLINOIS August 14, 2018

President Turry offered thanks to Trustee Elster for serving as President Pro- Tem in his absence.

On call of the roll the following answered present: Commissioners Rogers, Bennett, Monk and Mayor Harrison. Commissioner Taylor was absent.

VILLAGE BOARD OF TRUSTEES REGULAR MEETING 2/13/2019

64255 Wolcott. Ray, MI 48096

VILLAGE OF COLUMBIAVILLE REGULAR COUNCIL MINUTES HELD ON FEBRUARY 19, PINE ST. COLUMBIAVILLE MI 48421

WEST HEMPFIELD TOWNSHIP SUPERVISORS MEETING Minutes of October 7, 2014

1. Bills Submitted for Payment And 2. Other Bills Paid by the Village Treasurer in Anticipation of This Meeting.

ROCKVILLE CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES December 13, 2017 Rockville City Hall

Union Township Board of Supervisors Monthly Board Meeting July 23, 2012

EDMOND CITY COUNCIL MINUTES. February 26, 2001

VILLAGE OF. FRANKFORT EST l855 MINUTES OF THE REGULAR FRANKFORT VILLAGE BOARD MEETING APRIL 27, 2015

REGULAR TOWN BOARD MEETING MARCH 1, PUBLIC HEARING: The Paddocks PUDD Amendment (LL No. 1 of 2012)

TOWN BOARD MEETING July 9, The Town Board of the Town of Spafford assembled at the Spafford Town Hall, 1984 Route 174, Skaneateles, New York.

HOPE TOWNSHIP BOARD OF EDUCATION REGULAR SESSION MINUTES TUESDAY OCTOBER 23, :30 PM

MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE ZIMMERMAN CITY COUNCIL MONDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 2017

MINUTES OF THE CITY OF GRASS VALLEY CITY COUNCIL MEETING OF DECEMBER 11, 2007

Minutes of the Village Council Meeting February 22, 2016

Regular Meeting St. Clair Township

Supervisor Dennis Bjorkquist called the meeting to order. All attending stood and opened with the pledge to the United States flag.

5/7/13 General Supervisor s Meeting Page 1

Town of Holland Town Board Meeting Minutes Sheboygan County, Wisconsin October 13, 2014

MINUTES OF THE REGULAR BOARD MEETING OF THE VILLAGE PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF TRUSTEES HELD ON THURSDAY, JULY 19, 2012

CORRESPONDENCE: - Henry Ford Enhance - June quarterly meeting invitation Co. Chapter MTA Correspondence read & filed

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNTY BOARD ADAMS COUNTY, ILLINOIS

Town of Charlton Saratoga County Town Board Meeting. December 8, 2014

Minutes of a REGULAR MEETING of the PRESIDENT and BOARD OF TRUSTEES Village of Evergreen Park, Cook County, IL Monday, December 17, 2018

MAY The Prayer was invoked by Chaplin Nahorn, followed by the Pledge to the Flag led by Sergeant at Arms Dembinski.

WALWORTH TOWN BOARD REGULAR MEETING 486 NOVEMBER

AGENDA WORKSHOP MEETING TOWN BOARD TOWN OF MARLBOROUGH 21 MILTON TURNPIKE, MILTON NEW YORK AUGUST 27, 2018

Regular Township Meeting

MINUTES. Council Members Present: Mayor Sears and Councilmen James Cobb, Hank Dickson and Tim Sack and Councilwomen Linda Hunt-Williams and Cheri Lee

PLATO TOWNSHIP BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETING Plato Town Hall, Plato Center, IL November 16, 2017, 7:00pm

64255 Wolcott. Ray, MI 48096

Motion was made to approve the minutes of the meetings of September 17 and 25 th and October 4, Aye- Bush, Milliken, Allison, Krusen, Sullivan

Gateway to the Lakes "

Dover City Council Minutes of September 16, 2013

CITY OF WINTER GARDEN

MONTHLY BOARD MEETING & PUBLIC HEARING, TOWN OF WOODHULL September 12, 2012

April 5, 2018 Regular Meeting Public Hearing Petitions, Remonstrance s, and Communication Proclamation Edwin Pelosky

BOROUGH OF BOYERTOWN COUNCIL MEETING December 3, 2018

GRATTAN TOWNSHIP BOARD Regular Meeting of October 17, I. Call to Order Township Supervisor Frank Force called the meeting to order at 7:00 p.m.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF HARRISON TOWNSHIP LICKING COUNTY, OHIO MINUTES OF REGULAR/ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING JANUARY 2, 2018

BOROUGH OF BUENA WORKSHOP AGENDA APRIL 8, 2019 PAGE 1

MINUTES CITY OF LARAMIE, WYOMING CITY COUNCIL MEETING FEBRUARY 7, 2017

On call of the roll the following answered present: Commissioners DeTienne, Flammini, Jim Taylor, Shantal Taylor and Mayor Harrison.

BRISTOL TOWNSHIP 2501 BATH ROAD BRISTOL, PA COUNCIL MEETING

Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Town Board of the Town of Southport held at the Southport Town Hall, 1139 Pennsylvania Avenue on August 8, 2017.

TOWN OF FARMINGTON. ***DRAFT*** TOWN BOARD AGENDA November 13, 2012

Bartlett Municipal Planning Commission Minutes

Proceedings of The Public Hearing and Special Town Board Meeting September 18 th, 2013 Page 1 of 7

Official Minutes. Supervisor Yendell called the meeting to order at 7:00 P.M., with the Pledge to the Flag.

Village of Deer Park Regular Board of Trustees Meeting Minutes April 21, 2008

Village of Milan. Regular Council meeting. January 25, 2017

VILLAGE OF BARRINGTON HILLS. Meeting of the Regular Meeting February 24, President Kempe called the meeting to order at 8:00 p.m. Roll Call.

City of La Palma Agenda Item No. 2

#1 FIXING TIME AND PLACE OF HOLDING REGULAR MEETINGS #3 ESTABLISHING STANDARDS FOR THE SALE OF BEER BY RETAIL

VILLAGE OF POSEN. President Podbielniak led the Village Board and attending public in the recitation of the Pledge Of Allegiance.

Page 103 Page 103 GASTONIA CITY COUNCIL MEETING JANUARY 3, :00 P.M. CITY COUNCIL CHAMBERS CITY HALL GASTONIA, NC

II. Approval of the Agenda Moved by Council member Aldmeyer seconded by council member Hawkins to approve the agenda as presented. Ayes: Unanimous.

CITY OF GRAIN VALLEY BOARD OF ALDERMEN MEETING MINUTES Regular Session

TOWN OF RICHLANDS Town Board Meeting March 21, :00 PM AGENDA

CITY OF CHILLICOTHE COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES OF A REGULAR MEETING May 14, 2018

March 11, TOWNSHIP BOARD. PRESENT: Richard Bohjanen, Ben Zyburt, Max Engle, David Lynch, Don Rhein, Mark Maki. ABSENT: Judy White (excused).

CITY OF TRUSSVILLE CITY COUNCIL MINUTES JANUARY 8, 2019

MAYOR AND COMMISSIONERS TOWN OF NORTH EAST 106 S. MAIN STREET NORTH EAST, MARYLAND August 22, 2018

WAYNESVILLE CITY COUNCIL MARCH 15, :30 P.M. MINUTES

DAVISON TOWNSHIP REGULAR BOARD MEETING January 9, 2017

Council Chambers Wahoo, Nebraska May 23, The Mayor called for audience comments on items not listed on the agenda. None were given.

Minutes of the Village Council Meeting June 28, 2004

February 11, TOWNSHIP BOARD. PRESENT: Richard Bohjanen, Ben Zyburt, Max Engle, Don Rhein, Judy White, Mark Maki. ABSENT: David Lynch (excused).

President Stricker called the meeting to order at 7:30 p.m. Clerk Grisco called the roll and the following Trustees answered present:

Sunset Knolls Recreation Association, Inc.

Town of Bradford Town Board Meeting Tuesday, October 16, 2018 at 6:30 p.m. at the Bradford Town Hall Minutes

Marshall County Board of Supervisors Regular Session December 17, 2013 at 9:00 a.m. MINUTES

CITY OF BILLINGS CITY OF BILLINGS MISSION STATEMENT: TO DELIVER COST EFFECTIVE PUBLIC SERVICES THAT ENHANCE OUR COMMUNITY'S QUALITY OF LIFE

City of Wright City Board of Aldermen Meeting Minutes Thursday, October 27, 2016

CITY OF BILLINGS CITY OF BILLINGS MISSION STATEMENT: TO DELIVER COST EFFECTIVE PUBLIC SERVICES THAT ENHANCE OUR COMMUNITY'S QUALITY OF LIFE

TOWNSHIP OF KNOWLTON COUNTY OF WARREN, STATE OF NEW JERSEY TOWNSHIP COMMITTEE MEETING MINUTES December 8, 2014

Approved minutes of the regular Board of Directors meeting January 20, 2018

St. Marys City Commission Regular Meeting Agenda St. Marys City Hall May 19, 7:00 P.M.

On call of the roll the following answered present: Commissioners Taylor, Bennett, Flammini, DeTienne and Mayor Harrison.

CITY OF METTER REGULAR MEETING MONDAY, JUNE 13, :00 P.M.

MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE TOWNBOARD OF TRUSTEES OF BLOOMINGDALE TOWNSHIP HELD ON AUGUST 21, 2018

City of Bishop PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING AGENDA City Council Chambers 301 West Line Street Bishop, California 93514

The Cuba Village monthly Board Meeting was held on Monday March 14, 2016 at 7:00 pm in the Cuba Village Hall, 17 E. Main St.

2. Invocation Father Geoffrey Gwynne, Good Shepherd Episcopal Church

ORDINANCE NO. 17-' NORTHFIELD TOWNSHIP, WASHTENAW COUNTY Ml

MEETING DATE: Tuesday May 29, 2018 MEETING TIME: 6:00 PM MEETING LOCATION: City Council Chambers, 448 E. First Street, Suite 190, Salida, CO

CITY OFFICIALS. Councilman Siarkowski made a Motion to end the Executive Session at 6:07PM; seconded by Councilman Simonds. Carried 6 Ayes 0 Nays

PUBLIC HEARING VILLAGE OF SOUTH ELGIN 10 North Water Street, South Elgin, Illinois Monday, August 17, :00 p.m. AGENDA

MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE VILLAGE OF STEGER, WILL & COOK COUNTIES, ILLINOIS

PUBLIC COMMENT AGENDA ITEMS & RESOLUTIONS: Len Jerrum, Beyer Drive, would like to see more detailed information included in the resolutions.

MUNICIPAL BUILDING 2101 O Neil Avenue Cheyenne, WY

Transcription:

MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE PRESIDENT & BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE VILLAGE OF BEECHER HELD AT THE WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP CENTER, 30200 TOWN CENTER ROAD, BEECHER, ILLINOIS FEBRUARY 11, 2008 -- 7:00 P.M. All present joined in the Pledge to the Flag. President Pro-Tem Wehling called the meeting to order. ROLL CALL PRESENT: Trustees Cleary, Ahrendt, Szymanski, Gardner, Kuhlman and Wehling. ABSENT: President Lohmann. STAFF PRESENT: Clerk Janett Conner, Administrator Robert Barber, Chief Jeffrey Weissgerber, Attorney Tim Kuiper, Treasurer Nelson Collins, Public Works Superintendent Bud Cowger, Engineer Ray Koenig and Economic Development Coordinator Marcy Meyer. GUESTS: Phil Serviss, Don McWhorter, Andrew Ahrendt, Dale Serig, Ron and Nancy Reichert, Joe Perry, Tony Perry, Bob Howard, Bill Voss, Larry and Diane Hameister, Warren Opperman, Kim and Betty Koutsky, Vincent Crescenzo and John Popp. President Pro-Tem Wehling asked for consideration of the minutes of the January 28, 2008 Board meeting and January 30, 2008 Joint Taxing Body meeting. Trustee Ahrendt made a motion to approved the minutes of the January 28, 2008 Board Meeting. Trustee Gardner seconded the motion. Trustee Cleary made a motion to approve the minutes of the January 30, 2008 Joint Taxing Body meeting with the following correction: Bob Howard was not in attendance, Dennis Koehn provided an update. Trustee Szymanski seconded the motion. CLERK S REPORT: 1) A report on income received since the last meeting was provided. 2) Bills were presented for the Beecher Fourth of July Commission. Trustee Szymanski made a motion to approve the list of bills totalling $245.94 as listed on the Clerk s Report. Trustee Gardner seconded the motion. -1-

3) Clerk Conner reported that SouthSTAR Services has requested permission to hold their annual Candy Days in Beecher on May 9 and 10, 2008. A copy of their request was provided. No objections were made to the request as long as no solicitations be done on or along Route #1. RECOGNITION OF GUESTS: Ron Reichert of TWR Builders provided a presentation on his proposal for a planned unit development for the property east of Trim Creek, south of Church Road and west of Dixie Highway, known as Creekside Unit #1. Joe Perry provided a presentation on the senior housing portion of the plan which would be state and federally supported, to be managed by the Perry Group. This would be no more than 50 units and limited to seniors age 62 or older. Handouts of typical floor plans, site plan, clubhouse and elevations were provided. It was determined that the senior housing portion must stay 62 or older for 40 years. The housing could be opened to other ages after that time. The Board discussed easements in the development and maintenance of common properties by single family homeowners through a homeowner s association. Some concerns were expressed that L&H Services had the option on the commercial portion of the property along Route #1 and did not exercise the option so now if the property is developed under this plan, the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) may allow another Route #1 access to match up with Linden Lane and may close L&H s current access. The agreements regarding Route #1 access to match up with Linden Lane was made when there was a road planned through the property. With the road not in this plan, just a parking lot and business, the IDOT agreement for further Route #1 access may not apply. This matter was for Village Board information only at this time. This matter will be considered by the Planning and Zoning Commission at a February 28, 2008 workshop meeting. Dale Serig was present and explained his proposal for rezoning upon annexation from AG-1 to I-T Intermodal Industrial for additional acreage located north of Eagle Lake Road and west of the Union Pacific railroad tracks. A draft site plan for the Trinity Multi Modal Business Park was provided. Mr. Serig is adding parcels to the project as he obtains contracts on additional property. Board members asked questions of Mr. Serig. Mr. Serig will now move on to the Planning and Zoning Commission for its February 28 th workshop and March 27 th hearing. Washington Township Supervisor Bob Howard reported on the Dial-a-Ride program. He is moving forward and looking for the Village s cooperation to get it going. The program is estimated to cost $16,000 per year. Mr. Howard is looking for outside grants to help with funding the costs of the program. Larry Hameister referred to Ron Reichert s proposal as previously discussed. He had a copy of his letter from IDOT that was referred to earlier in the meeting. Mr. Hameister was referred to the February 28 th Planning and Zoning Commission meeting to provide information. -2-

A. FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE TREASURER S REPORT: A copy of the Treasurer s report was provided to the Board for review and the Treasurer was present to answer questions. Staff explained to the Board the drop in revenues and fund balances since last year at this time. A list of bills totalling $227,513.76 to be paid was available for review. A summary of the list of bills was provided. This includes an amount of $166.35 Trustee Szymanski added to the bills for mileage for Special Census workers to finish out all special census mileage expenses. Trustee Szymanski made a motion to approve payment of the list of bills in the amount of $227,513.76 including additional mileage for special census workers as presented. Trustee Ahrendt seconded the motion. A Village Board workshop is scheduled for Tuesday, February 19, 2008 at 6:30 p.m. at the Village Hall. The five-year financial plan is scheduled for discussion. An Economic Development Committee meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, February 26, 2008 at 5:00 p.m. at the Village Hall. Items on the agenda include a discussion on the Beatty Lumber sales tax and a discussion with Bob Tully on the future of the Gould Street downtown area. Trustee Szymanski reported that the recent Fourth of July Commission meeting was held in the new food building. Dates for the 2008 festival are July 3-6. A German band will be entertaining on July 5 th and American English will entertain on July 6 th. Trustee Szymanski made a motion to solicit proposals for a financial consultant to serve the Village of Beecher for the years 2008 through 2012. Trustee Cleary seconded the motion. B. PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE The Police Department monthly report was provided for review. ORDINANCE #1087 - An ordinance establishing a compromise ticket program for local offenses. Chief Weissgerber stated that he is not ready to implement this ordinance yet and would like it to become effective March 1, 2008. Trustee Kuhlman made a motion to approve Ordinance #1087 amending the effective date to March 1, 2008. Trustee Szymanski seconded the motion. -3-

ORDINANCE #1088 - An ordinance adopting State Statute prohibiting smoking in public buildings. Chief Weissgerber reported on his meeting held with the Health Department and said there have been no complaints in Beecher so far. Trustee Kuhlman made a motion to approve Ordinance #1088. Trustee Szymanski seconded the motion. The ESDA Board met February 7 th and viewed the new trailer purchased for the storage and transportation of sheltering supplies. The use of CERT volunteers in a shelter exercise was also discussed. There is a need to build shelves inside the trailer and put graphics on the outside to identify it to be a Beecher ESDA trailer. Public Works will help with the work, once they catch up from the recent snows. Trustee Kuhlman asked Chief Weissgerber about laws pertaining to trains blocking the railroad crossings. Chief reported on recent case law that local laws cannot override federal law pertaining to this matter. It must be enforced at a federal level if problems occur. According to Chief Weissgerber there have been no recent problems. C. STREETS AND ALLEYS COMMITTEE The Public Works Department annual report for 2007 was provided at the January 28, 2008 Board meeting, however, the Superintendent was ill and not present to discuss the report. Public Works Superintendent Cowger reported on watermain breaks over the last year. He also reported on how much road salt has been used this year because of the many snowstorms. The Village currently has enough salt on hand for five more snow storms. Salt is on order but it is uncertain when it will be delivered. Some municipalities are experiencing salt shortages. Will County will be holding public hearings on proposed impact fees to be imposed on municipalities with all new subdivision plats. Administrator Barber reported on the controversy of this plan and its potential impact on Beecher. Administrator Barber was asked to attend the hearing. Trustee Cleary requested a closed session be held to discuss pending litigation. D. SEWER AND WATER COMMITTEE The Water and Sewer Department monthly reports were included in the packet for review. Engineer Koenig provided an update on well #5. ComEd has finally set the transformer for the well. The electrician is running conduit. Once the building is heated it can be painted and the equipment -4-

may be put in. The project should be completed by May 15 th, including all landscaping. Trustee Gardner asked about the pump and whether the Board should look at liquidated damages. Engineer Koenig felt that liquidated damages would not apply to this. E. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PROPERTIES, PARKS AND RECREATION COMMITTEE There was nothing new to report on the Firemen s Park/OSLAD Grant project. Trustee Wehling reported on the meeting with Beecher Recreation, Washington Township and the open space committee to discuss the future of parks and recreation in Beecher. This matter is to be considered in open discussions with Washington Township and other taxing bodies are to be involved. This is just exploratory at this time. The next meeting is scheduled for February 14 th at the Beecher Community Hall. An update was provided on the Public Works facility. A drawing from JMA Architects was provided for review. The architect is now in receipt of the top of foundation survey from the Engineer. A presentation will be made at the February 25 th Board meeting on the new facility. F. PLANNING, BUILDING AND ZONING COMMITTEE The Building Department monthly report was provided in the packet for review. The Code Enforcement monthly report was provided in the packet for review. ORDINANCE #1089 - An ordinance approving an amendment to the Beecher Zoning Ordinance requiring a maximum of 2 feet of depth for every foot of frontage of an accessory structure exceeding 144 square feet in a residential district. The Planning and Zoning Commission unanimously recommended approval. Trustee Ahrendt made a motion to approve Ordinance #1089. Trustee Szymanski seconded the motion. Will County Code Enforcement has sent a letter to the owner of 28835 Dixie Highway after several complaints of free roaming farm animals and unsanitary conditions. Trustee Kuhlman reported that Will County has inspected the property and found animals in good shape and well-fed. Trustee Kuhlman will check again with Will County to keep track of this situation. CMAP will host a community visioning town meeting on Wednesday, February 13 th at 7:00 p.m. at the Washington Township Center. Supervisor Bob Howard will go to represent Washington Township. Trustee Szymanski stated that he could probably attend on behalf of the Village. -5-

The Board discussed requiring all generator installations to obtain a building permit. There have been many generators installed in Beecher in the last year. Some residents obtained a permit and some did not. It was commented that since the generators are being hardwired into these homes, a permit should be obtained for safety reasons and to keep improper installations from back feeding into the system. Trustee Ahrendt made a motion to require all permanently hardwired generator installations to obtain a building permit from the Village, effective immediately. Trustee Szymanski seconded the motion. G. VILLAGE PRESIDENT S REPORT Engineer Koenig obtained a report from Sexton on the leachate analysis, and needs to go through the data and provide a formal report at the next meeting. The Board discussed results of ammonia levels in leachate and discussed setting up an ammonia tank at the sewer plant. President Lohmann provided results on the January 30 th Joint Taxing Body meeting. One of the outstanding items from the meeting which the Board needed to address is the status of Hillcrest Drive. There are about 11 homes on this private drive outside of the Village limits which pose life safety concerns to the School District and Fire District. At the Joint Taxing Body meeting the Village Board agreed to plow this road for the remainder of the winter until such time it is determined how this road can be maintained. The use of CDBG money to solve the problem was mentioned as a possible way to pay for improvements to the road. Trustee Wehling said this is a life safety situation and felt it was needed to be done. Trustee Cleary expressed concerns that this service is not being paid for by the residents who are getting the service. Staff requested the Board make a formal motion regarding the plowing of the road for the record. Trustee Szymanski made a motion authorizing the removal of snow from Hillcrest Drive for the remainder of this winter. Trustee Ahrendt seconded the motion. Administrator Barber recommended having Economic Development Coordinator Marcy Meyer work on the matter concerning Hillcrest Drive homeowners. Concerns were expressed whether Village insurance would cover plowing on Hillcrest Drive if something happens. Trustee Szymanski made a motion authorizing Administrator Barber to send a letter to Hillcrest residents explaining the Board s policy to provide snow removal for this winter and to set a date and time to meet with the residents of Hillcrest Drive to discuss annexation and road dedication. Trustee Ahrendt seconded the motion. -6-

There being no further business to be discussed in open session, Trustee Szymanski made a motion to adjourn into executive session at 9:34 p.m to discuss pending litigation. Trustee Kuhlman seconded the motion. Trustee Szymanski made a motion to return to regular session at 10:04 p.m. Trustee Ahrendt seconded the motion. Trustee Ahrendt made a motion to authorize reimbursement of up to $5,000 to Joe and Marge Cook for the purchase of a generator. Trustee Gardner seconded the motion. There being no further business, President Pro-Tem Wehling asked for a motion to adjourn. Trustee Cleary made a motion to adjourn the meeting. Trustee Ahrendt seconded the motion. Meeting adjourned at 10:05 p.m. Respectfully submitted by: Janett Conner Village Clerk -7-