English for Mass Communication 2017 Edition Hirofumi Horie Kaori Kato Kazuhisa Konishi Shuji Miyazaki Yasuko Uchino ASAHI PRESS
記事提供 :AP / CNN / The Japan Times / Reuters / The Financial Times / The Guardian / VOA News / Washington Post / / / / 写真提供 :Abaca / AP / Natsuki Sakai / YONHAP NEWS / / / / 表紙デザイン : 本文イラスト : EXERCISES THE WORLD OF ENGLISH JOURNALISM VOCABULARY BUILDUP 1970 2010 English for Mass Communication 2017 Edition Copyright 2017 by Asahi Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without permission from the authors and the publisher.
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 国内政治 2 News 1: Japan s ruling bloc wins landslide in upper house election Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: News defined CHAPTER 6 海外政治情勢 32 News 6: New British PM Theresa May names Cabinet to guide Britain out of EU Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: The world of features CHAPTER 2 経済 ビジネス ( 1 ) 8 News 2: Japan s Shinzo Abe admits deflation fears with sales-tax delay Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: The headline CHAPTER 7 文化 社会 38 News 7: Visitors to Japan surge to record 19.73 million, spend all-time high 3.48 trillion Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: From print to the web CHAPTER 3 経済 ビジネス ( 2 ) 14 News 3: Brexit uncertainty prompts IMF to cut global growth forecasts again Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: The inverted pyramid CHAPTER 8 犯罪 事件 44 News 8: Brussels rocked by airport, metro explosions Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Broadcast news CHAPTER 4 外交 国際会議 20 News 4: G7 vows growth efforts as Japan s Abe warns of global crisis Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: The lead CHAPTER 9 裁判 法令 50 News 9: Kin needn t pay railway over death of man with dementia: top court Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Radio news reporting CHAPTER 5 軍事 26 News 5: Obama s Hiroshima visit the culmination of delicate diplomatic dance Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Beyond the basic news lead CHAPTER 10 地球環境 56 News 10: Climate change taking heavy toll on health Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Media convergence
CHAPTER 11 気象 災害 62 News 11: Quake risks rise in areas along Nankai Trough: report Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Passive verbs CHAPTER 12 人口 所得格差問題 68 News 12: Japan s poor child-raising households fall further behind Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Redundancy CHAPTER 13 テクノロジー 74 News 13: Google artificial intelligence program beats S. Korean Go pro with 4-1 score Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Long, ling, long wordy sentieces English for Mass Communication CHAPTER 14 スポーツ ( 1 ) 80 News 14: A-Rod praises Ichiro after Japanese star s latest achievement Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Jargo and journalese CHAPTER 15 スポーツ ( 2 ) 86 News 15: Arsène Wenger: Terms of Brexit could dictate future of Premier League Vocabulary Buildup / The World of English Journalism: Clichés 巻末付録 Obama s Hiroshima Speech 92
Chapter 1 2 3 pt pt pt NEWS 1 Japan s ruling bloc wins landslide in upper house election Prime Minister Shinzo Abe s ruling coalition won a landslide victory on Sunday in an election for parliament s upper house, despite concerns about his economic policies and plans to revise the nation s post-war pacifist constitution for the first time. Final counts showed Abe s coalition and like-minded parties and independents had won the two-thirds super majority needed to try to revise the constitution s restraints on the military, a step that could strain ties with China, where memories of Japan s past militarism run deep. Abe s Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) fell one short of winning a simple majority, which would have increased its clout within the coalition. Earlier projections had shown it was within their grasp for the first time since 1989. Nevertheless, the overall victory will still bolster Abe s grip on the conservative party that he led back to power in 2012 promising to reboot the economy with hypereasy monetary policy, fiscal spending and reforms. Abe s junior coalition partner, Komeito, fared well, winning 14 seats compared with nine before the election. Any attempt to revise the constitution will still be politically fraught, and LDP heavyweights have suggested that amending the pacifist Article 9 would not be the first priority. Abe told a TV broadcaster it was too early to talk about specific revisions to the constitution, and his No. 2 in the party said separately that talks with the opposition were needed. I have two more years to my term (as LDP president), and this is a goal of the LDP, so I want to address it calmly, Abe said. Some voters who backed Abe s LDP also said the economy s health was their biggest concern. Abe had cast the election as a referendum on Abenomics. With signs the strategy is failing, the government plans to compile a post-election stimulus package that could exceed 10 trillion ($99 billion). The opposition Democratic Party linked up with three smaller parties, including the Japanese Communist Party, to try to stop the pro-constitutional reform camp getting a super majority. Abe s coalition already has a super-majority in the lower house. Based on a report on Reuters.com 5 10 15 20 25 30 2012 2 3 2 1 (Notes) Japan s ruling bloc wins landslide in upper house election ruling bloc win landslide landslide victory overwhelming victory upper house (House of Councillors) lower house (House of Representatives) headline lead P.13 THE WORLD OF ENGLISH JOURNALISM (The headline) (L. 1) Prime Minister Shinzo Abe prime minister premier chancellor (L. 2) parliament the Diet parliament (L. 3) the nation s post-war pacifist constitution pacifist (L. 4) final counts (L. 4) Abe s coalition and like-minded parties and independents (L. 5) two-thirds super majority 3 2 (L. 6) memories of Japan s past militarism (L. 8) Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) LDP (L. 8) simple majority (L. 11) conservative party (L. 12) hyper-easy monetary policy, fiscal spending and reforms 3 (L. 14) junior coalition partner, Komeito (L. 17) pacifist Article 9 9 (L. 19) TV broadcaster (L. 20) No. 2 in the party (L. 25) referendum on Abenomics (L. 26) post-election stimulus package (L. 28) opposition Democratic Party DP (L. 29) Japanese Communist Party (L. 29) pro-constitutional reform camp pro- 2 English for Mass Communication Chapter 1 3
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2 1. T (True) F (False) 4 Tokyo has elected its first woman governor, choosing Yuriko Koike, ( ) (1) Prime Minister Abe s coalition government has just won an overwhelming majority in an election for the House of Representatives. ( ) (2) The ruling coalition has failed to gain a two-thirds majority in the upper house, even if it teams up with like-minded parties and independents. ( ) (3) In his campaign for the upper house election, Mr. Abe focused primarily on winning the electorate s support for his program to restore the economy s health. ( ) (4) Following the election, the Abe administration plans to launch a bundle of measures for restoring the economy. ( ) (5) The election results have enabled the opposition Democratic Party to neutralize what it considers to be the ruling camp s egocentric politics. 5 (1) Hillary Clinton, to lead the Japanese metropolis into the 2020 Olympic Games. The result is something of an affront to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, whose ruling Liberal Democratic Party backed another candidate, but (2) Tokyo after a string of scandals and missteps. Koike, a 64-year-old right-wing politician who had served as defense and environment minister in LDP governments and (3), is well known in Washington and in Tokyo and will be greeted in both capitals as a known quantity. She succeeds Yoichi Masuzoe, the mercurial former governor who had to (4). The ruling party wanted to make sure Tokyo elected a governor who could see it through the Olympics, and officially backed Hiroya Masuda, a former minister of internal affairs, out of the 21 candidates vying for the governor s position. 5 10 15 2. (a) (d) 1 (1) The news suggests that Japan s ruling camp s securing of a super majority in the parliament could lead to an initiative for a constitutional revision But voters overwhelmingly backed Koike, (5) who speaks English as well as Arabic, which she learned as a student in Egypt. Based on a report on Washington Post.com (a) with the help of some other parties and independent members of parliament. (b) without any assistance from other parties. (c) with possible support from opposition parties. (d) excluding some opposition parties from the parliament. 2020 (2) Prime Minister Abe said he would move toward the revision of Japan s constitution (a) as quickly as possible. (b) as deliberately as possible. (c) as long as he stays in office. (d) as much as he wants. 4 English for Mass Communication (Notes) Yuriko Koike Hillary Clinton 2020 Olympic Games 2020 right-wing politician defense and environment minister in Washington and in Tokyo Washington Tokyo Yoichi Masuzoe Hiroya Masuda a former minister of internal affairs a (former minister) 2001 Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications minister of internal affairs Arabic a student in Egypt Chapter 1 5
VOCABULARY BUILDUP THE WORLD OF ENGLISH JOURNALISM (a) (n) Cabinet ( a ) Ministry of ( b ) Financial Services ( c ) Ministry of ( d ) Ministry of Internal Affairs and ( e ) Ministry of ( f ) Ministry of Foreign ( g ) Ministry of the ( h ) Ministry of ( i ), Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry of ( j ), Labour, and Welfare Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and ( k ) Ministry of Economy, ( l ) and Industry Ministry of Land, ( m ), Transport and Tourism National Public Safety ( n ) 1. Affairs 2. Agency 3. Commission 4. Communications 5. Defense 6. Education 7. Environment 8. Finance 9. Fisheries 10. Health 11. Infrastructure 12. Justice 13. Office 14. Trade News defined newsworthy We determine the news! what people want to know what people need to know How do you determine whether a current idea, event or problem is new? How do you recognize it, separating swiftly the news and the non-news in what happens? How can you be sure that it will interest readers, listeners, or viewers? To answer these questions, examine the elements common in all news. These may also be termed news values, appeals, factors, determinants, or criteria. Even if one is missing, the reporter may question whether the happening is news. The five news elements are: (a) timeliness, (b) nearness, (c) size, (d) importance and (e) personal benefit. (a) (f) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 1. coalition 2. constitution 3. Diet 4. general election 5. opposition party 6. ruling party (a) (j) ( a ) Democratic Party ( b ) Party ( c ) Party Japanese ( d ) Party Nippon ( e ) no Kai single-seat ( f ) system proportional ( g ) system ( h ) law House of ( i ) House of ( j ) 1. Communist 2. constituency 3. Councillors 4. Democratic 5. Ishin 6. Komeito 7. Liberal 8. referendum 9. representation 10. Representatives 6 English for Mass Communication Chapter 1 7