www.ekospolitics.ca TORIES CLAW BACK SMALL LEAD DEFECTING UNIVERSITY EDUCATED VOTERS PROPEL GRITS INTO A MUCH MORE COMPETITIVE RACE [Ottawa August 19, 10] Our most recent poll particularly the last week of polling has changed little from our last reporting period. The Conservatives have widened their lead from one to five points and now lead 32.5 to 27.9. While this change is only marginally significant, it pulls the Conservatives out of a statistical tie into a small but significant lead. The real value of the poll is in examining the patterns of the last two months in order to assess whether the media brouhaha over the Census is actually having an effect. For those wondering if the Census dispute is having any real effect on the Canadian electorate, the evidence is now in. When we look at what happened to the voting intentions of the highly educated, it appears almost certain that the narrowing race can be traced to the controversy over the government's decision to end the compulsory long form. Changes in the HIGHLIGHTS National federal vote intention: 32.5% CPC 27.9% LPC 17.4% NDP 10.3% Green 9.2% BQ 2.6% other Direction of country:.4% right direction 39.2% wrong direction 10.3% DK/NR Direction of government: 44.0% right direction 44.2% wrong direction 11.8% DK/NR Please note that the methodology is provided at the end o f thi s document. demographic anatomy of support lead to the conclusion that this controversy has triggered a fairly significant shift in the electorate during a fairly quiet summer period when little else is at play. First of all, the shifts in the overall vote intention are modest, but both substantively and statistically significant. The Conservative Party's 11-point lead in the early summer has become a much narrower (but significant) lead of around five points. There have been some fluctuations in recent weeks but the settling pattern seems to be a much narrower race today than it was at the outset of the summer. So yes, the race is clearly tighter but why the rather bold assertion that this narrowing is linked to the Census controversy? The fact that there is concomitant co-variation isn't any indication of a causal relationship; suggestive in the absence of other plausible explanations but hardly definitive. A closer look at the shifting demographic bases of voter support provides much stronger evidence; not definitive, but pretty close. First of all, let us assume that the relatively arcane issue of the representativeness of a voluntary and mandatory sample is much more likely to have been an issue of the university educated. If it was having an effect, we would almost certainly expect to see the effects registered in this group (a little more than one third of all voters). Let us compare the post-canada Day poll which saw an Page 1
11-point Conservative advantage with today's poll by breaking down support by educational attainment (see charts on page 3). In early summer, there were no dramatic differences in terms of Conservative support across various levels of educational attainment. They led the Liberals across all levels of education; slightly lower with university educated at 33 points but still well ahead of the 26 points the Liberals achieved there. Now let us look at today. The Conservatives are slightly down with the university educated (though insignificantly ahead with college graduates) and down with high school or less. The really interesting story is clear when we compare the changes in Liberal support across the same time period. The Liberals were performing anaemically across all educational categories in early July. Fast forward to today and the picture is dramatically different. The Liberals have remained flat with the lower and college educated and still trail the Conservatives by a large margin in both of these categories. But among the most highly educated, there has been a dramatic change. The Liberals have opened up a significant lead amongst the university educated where they now fare much better. Indeed, Liberal growth has been almost exclusively focussed among the most educated and this shift alone has produced a much more competitive political landscape. One would be hard pressed to find any other explanation to account for an over 33% growth rate in this category than the Census controversy. This suggests that we may be seeing a new fault line pitting the expert and professional classes against the rest of the political spectrum. One month doesn't suggest a permanent shift and we have seen the educated move back and forth before. The dramatic and focussed shift during this particular controversy, however, suggests something new. It is important to note, however, that Liberal gains among the university educated do not come entirely at the expense of the Conservatives. The numbers show that the Liberals are picking up university graduates from all ends of the political spectrum, suggesting that the Liberal Party is becoming a common ground for the highly educated. We intend to dig deeper into this issue in the coming weeks by breaking out the university educated into two categories (undergraduate versus graduate). The other notable feature of the poll is the starkness of the East-West divide we see now. While hardly a new feature of Canadian politics, we now see the Conservatives with a huge lead in Western Canada (and the Liberals are hard-pressed to match the NDP or the Greens). Meanwhile, the Liberals have carved out a lead over the Conservatives (although less impressive) in Ontario, Quebec, and the Atlantic. All of these indicators suggest some interesting new dynamics to the regional and social class fault lines beneath a newly competitive voter landscape as we prepare to return to school and Parliament. Stay tuned to what will undoubtedly be a very interesting fall period. Page 2
Top Line Results: Federal vote Intention: August 11-17 32.5 27.9 10 0 17.4 10.3 CPC LPC NDP GP BQ 9.2 2.6 BASE: Decided Voters; August 11-17, 10 (n=2,543) Weekly tracking of federal vote intention 10 0 Oct-08 08 Dec-08 Election Feb-09 Apr-09 Jun-09 Aug-09 Oct-09 Dec-09 Feb-10 Apr-10 Jun-10 Aug-10 Results Note: The data on federal vote intention are based on decided voters only. Our survey also finds that 14.9% of Canadians are undecided/ineligible to vote. Line 6 BASE: Decided voters; most recent data point August 11-17, 10 (n=2,543) Page 3
Changes in education characteristics of Conservative support June -July 6, 10 August 11-17, 10 45 35 34.4 36.5 32.5 33.0 35.1 36.2 32.7 29.2 25 Overall High School Educated College Educated University Educated BASE: Canadians; most recent data point August 11-17 (n=2,543) Changes in education characteristics of Liberal support June -July 6, 10 August 11-17, 10 34.4 23.9 27.9.5 22.0 23.5 24.5 26.3 10 Overall High School Educated College Educated University Educated BASE: Canadians; most recent data point August 11-17 (n=2,543) Page 4
Changes in regional characteristics of Conservative support 80 70 60 June -July 6, 10 August 11-17, 10 61.3 55.2 34.4 32.5 33.2 41.1 44.5 41.4 39.5 32.4 16.4 17.3 23.5 31.1 10 0 Overall BC Alberta Man/Sask Ontario Quebec Atlantic BASE: Canadians; most recent data point August 11-17 (n=2,543) Changes in regional characteristics of Liberal support 60 June -July 6, 10 August 11-17, 10 35.7 35.1 27.9 23.9 26.9 21.9 17.6 16.0 25.2 26.4 14.2 25.1 21.4 24.8 10 0 Overall BC Alberta Man/Sask Ontario Quebec Atlantic BASE: Canadians; most recent data point August 11-17 (n=2,543) Page 5
Direction of country Q. All things considered, would you say the country is moving in the right direction or the wrong direction? 60 Wrong direction Right direction May-09 Jul-09 Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10 Jul-10 BASE: Canadians; most recent data point August 11-17, 10 (n=half sample) Direction of government Q. All things considered, would you say the Government of Canada is moving in the right direction or the wrong direction? 60 Wrong direction Right direction May-09 Jul-09 Sep-09 Nov-09 Jan-10 Mar-10 May-10 Jul-10 BASE: Canadians; most recent data point August 11-17, 10 (n=half sample) Page 6
Second choice Q. Which party would be your second choice? FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE Second Choice (overall) CPC LPC NDP GP BQ 10.2 -- 19.9 15.1 11.2 12.0 13.9 16.8 25.1 -- 33.2 26.1 12.2 13.5 17.9 12.5 36.2 -- 22.7 29.7.0 12.3 10.3 14.9 19.3 -- 15.4 7.2 3.0 1.8 4.4 5.0 3.7 -- 0.7 2.4 3.4 1.3 2.9 3.1 1.1 -- No second choice 37.4 46.9 23.3 24.6 33.1 29.5 44.7 BASE: Eligible voters; August 11-17, 10 (n=2,916) Page 7
Detailed Tables: National Federal Vote Intention: August 11-17 (Week 2) Margin of Error NATIONALLY 32.5% 27.9% 17.4% 10.3% 9.2% 2.6% 2543 1.9 REGION British Columbia 41.1% 21.9% 23.5% 11.8% 0.0% 1.8% 215 6.7 Alberta 55.2% 17.6% 10.9% 13.3% 0.0% 3.0% 234 6.4 Saskatchewan/Manitoba 41.4% 14.2% 33.5% 6.4% 0.0% 4.6% 161 7.7 Ontario 32.4% 35.7% 17.6% 11.3% 0.0% 2.9% 975 3.1 Quebec 17.3% 25.1% 10.2% 9.0% 36.2% 2.2% 771 3.5 Atlantic Canada 31.1% 35.1% 26.3% 6.0% 0.0% 1.5% 187 7.2 Male 34.6% 28.0% 16.2% 9.3% 8.8% 3.1% 13 2.8 Female.4% 27.9% 18.7% 11.2% 9.7% 2.1% 13 2.7 <25 13.4% 29.4% 23.6% 21.5% 10.6% 1.5% 163 7.7 25-44 32.3% 26.5% 15.7% 11.6% 11.2% 2.7% 826 3.4 45-64 35.4% 25.3% 19.1% 8.5% 8.6% 3.2% 1032 3.1 65+ 38.4% 35.2% 14.0% 4.7% 5.7% 2.0% 522 4.3 High school or less 33.0% 22.0% 19.1% 12.4% 11.7% 1.9% 671 3.8 College or CEGEP 36.2% 24.5% 17.1% 9.0% 10.0% 3.2% 868 3.3 University or higher 29.2% 34.4% 16.7% 10.0% 7.1% 2.6% 1004 3.1 METROPOLITAN CANADA Vancouver 32.5% 25.0% 26.4% 12.5% 0.0% 3.6% 84 10.7 Calgary 62.2% 18.6% 8.1% 9.8% 0.0% 1.4% 61 12.6 Toronto.7% 43.8% 14.4% 8.5% 0.0% 2.7% 247 6.2 Ottawa.4% 49.3% 9.7% 8.4% 0.0% 2.2% 134 8.5 Montreal 12.3% 29.9% 8.0% 7.0%.3% 2.5% 253 6.2 Page 8
Federal Vote Intention British Columbia Margin of Error OVERALL 41.1% 21.9% 23.5% 11.8% 1.8% 215 6.7 Male 34.7%.1% 21.6% 10.5% 3.0% 105 9.6 Female 45.5% 16.1% 23.1% 14.4% 0.9% 110 9.3 <25 13.0% 60.9% 4.9% 21.2% 0.0% 8 34.7 25-44 46.8% 16.8% 21.3% 11.7% 3.4% 49 14.0 45-64 39.1% 15.2% 32.0% 11.5% 2.2% 96 10.0 65+ 45.9% 25.4% 18.3% 10.4% 0.0% 62 12.5 High school or less 49.6% 11.9% 21.1% 17.4% 0.0% 54 13.3 College or CEGEP 31.5% 11.6% 39.0% 12.5% 5.5% 73 11.5 University or higher.5% 36.0% 12.9% 9.9% 0.8% 88 10.5 Federal Vote Intention Alberta Margin of Error OVERALL 55.2% 17.6% 10.9% 13.3% 3.0% 234 6.4 Male 54.8% 15.0% 13.1% 15.4% 1.6% 104 9.6 Female 51.8% 19.2% 10.0% 14.6% 4.4% 1 8.6 <25 11.7% 10.2% 24.2% 53.9% 0.0% 8 34.7 25-44 47.8% 21.7% 15.1% 13.4% 2.0% 73 11.5 45-64 65.1% 11.6% 7.2% 10.8% 5.3% 101 9.8 65+ 67.9% 23.3% 4.6% 1.4% 2.8% 52 13.6 High school or less 55.8% 8.1% 6.7% 26.1% 3.3% 68 11.9 College or CEGEP 59.5% 17.4% 14.6% 4.2% 4.4% 83 10.8 University or higher 45.3% 23.9% 12.2% 17.1% 1.5% 83 10.8 Page 9
Federal Vote Intention Saskatchewan/Manitoba Margin of Error OVERALL 41.4% 14.2% 33.5% 6.4% 4.6% 161 7.7 Male 46.9% 15.5%.5% 4.9% 2.2% 80 11.0 Female 38.5% 11.7% 33.3% 8.3% 8.2% 81 10.9 <25 12.6% 0.0% 83.5% 3.9% 0.0% 8 34.7 25-44 52.1% 10.2% 23.3% 12.5% 1.9% 13.9 45-64 39.3% 13.3% 32.0% 4.2% 11.2% 70 11.7 65+ 46.3% 29.4% 21.5% 0.0% 2.8% 33 17.1 High school or less 26.6% 9.0% 56.8% 3.7% 3.9% 44 14.8 College or CEGEP 55.1% 8.9% 19.1% 8.6% 8.3% 56 13.1 University or higher 41.3% 22.9% 27.0% 6.4% 2.4% 61 12.6 Federal Vote Intention Ontario Margin of Error OVERALL 32.4% 35.7% 17.6% 11.3% 2.9% 975 3.1 Male 34.6% 35.2% 16.3% 9.2% 4.6% 479 4.5 Female 29.9% 36.1% 19.3% 13.6% 1.1% 496 4.4 <25 14.7% 41.2% 23.4% 18.6% 2.1% 61 12.6 25-44 31.8% 34.3% 15.0% 15.4% 3.6% 8 5.6 45-64 35.3% 33.5% 19.9% 8.7% 2.7% 4 4.9 65+ 36.9%.0% 15.9% 4.9% 2.3% 2 6.9 High school or less 37.3% 25.5%.8% 15.0% 1.3% 210 6.8 College or CEGEP 35.5% 36.1% 16.0% 9.4% 3.1% 324 5.4 University or higher 27.6%.3% 17.6% 11.0% 3.5% 441 4.7 Page 10
Federal Vote Intention Quebec Margin of Error OVERALL 17.3% 25.1% 10.2% 9.0% 36.2% 2.2% 771 3.5 Male.9% 25.6% 8.2% 8.2% 35.1% 2.0% 349 5.3 Female 14.3% 26.0% 11.5% 8.6% 37.1% 2.5% 422 4.8 <25 13.4% 17.4% 16.1% 21.8% 29.3% 2.0% 71 11.6 25-44 18.1% 23.7% 11.1% 7.1% 37.8% 2.3% 289 5.8 45-64 18.4% 22.6% 7.4% 7.8% 41.3% 2.4% 271 6.0 65+ 17.9% 41.8% 7.8% 3.5% 26.9% 2.0% 1 8.3 High school or less 15.3% 27.1% 6.0% 8.5% 41.0% 2.2% 232 6.4 College or CEGEP 21.2% 21.9% 9.1% 8.9% 37.2% 1.7% 271 6.0 University or higher 16.1% 28.5% 13.6% 7.8% 31.2% 2.8% 268 6.0 Federal Vote Intention Atlantic Canada Margin of Error OVERALL 31.1% 35.1% 26.3% 6.0% 1.5% 187 7.2 Male 35.3% 32.8% 22.8% 8.4% 0.8% 86 10.6 Female 27.7% 36.4%.1% 3.8% 2.1% 101 9.8 <25 0.0% 41.0% 47.4% 11.6% 0.0% 7 37.0 25-44.5% 27.2% 25.9% 6.4% 0.0% 57 13.0 45-64 29.2% 38.0% 23.8% 6.5% 2.4% 90 10.3 65+ 28.4% 39.3% 26.3% 3.6% 2.3% 33 17.1 High school or less 26.4% 35.2% 31.1% 5.8% 1.5% 63 12.4 College or CEGEP.9% 24.3% 18.1% 4.8% 1.9% 61 12.6 University or higher 17.2% 44.0%.1% 7.9% 0.8% 63 12.4 Page 11
Second Choice Q. Talking again in terms of a federal election, which party would be your second choice? No 2 nd choice NATIONALLY 10.2% 16.8% 17.9% 12.3% 3.0% 2.4% 37.4% 2916 1.8 REGION British Columbia 8.8% 17.3% 19.1% 17.3% 0.0% 3.1% 34.4% 2 6.3 Alberta 5.4% 15.8% 11.5% 12.8% 0.0% 5.5% 48.9% 267 6.0 Saskatchewan/Manitoba 9.8% 23.7% 13.6% 6.4% 0.0% 2.4% 44.1% 189 7.1 Ontario 11.0% 17.0% 18.9% 13.4% 0.0% 2.6% 37.0% 1129 2.9 Quebec 11.1% 15.0%.4% 8.3% 12.2% 1.1% 31.9% 871 3.3 Atlantic Canada 12.6% 15.9% 14.6% 14.9% 0.0% 0.3% 41.8% 2 6.6 Male 9.1% 19.1% 19.2% 11.0% 2.7% 2.7% 36.1% 1323 2.7 Female 11.2% 14.6% 16.7% 13.4% 3.4% 2.1% 38.6% 1593 2.5 <25 11.6% 19.3% 18.7% 15.0% 3.6% 3.1% 28.7% 188 7.2 25-44 10.9% 15.6% 19.2% 10.9% 4.1% 2.4% 36.9% 965 3.2 45-64 9.5% 16.7% 16.3% 13.3% 2.5% 2.3% 39.5% 1179 2.9 65+ 9.6% 18.0% 18.2% 11.2% 1.6% 2.1% 39.3% 584 4.1 High school or less 10.7% 15.9% 16.3% 9.7% 2.9% 2.5% 42.0% 795 3.5 College or CEGEP 10.8% 15.9% 13.3% 14.0% 2.8% 2.4%.8% 1008 3.1 University or higher 9.4% 18.1% 23.0% 12.3% 3.3% 2.4% 31.5% 1113 2.9 CURRENT VOTE INTENTION Conservative Party of Canada 0.0% 25.1% 12.5% 10.3% 1.8% 3.4% 46.9% 815 3.4 Liberal Party of Canada 19.9% 0.0% 36.2% 14.9% 4.4% 1.3% 23.3% 718 3.7 NDP 15.1% 33.2% 0.0% 19.3% 5.0% 2.9% 24.6% 399 4.9 Green Party 11.2% 26.1% 22.7% 0.0% 3.7% 3.1% 33.1% 256 6.1 Bloc Quebecois 12.0% 12.2% 29.7% 15.4% 0.0% 1.1% 29.5% 289 5.8 Margin of Error Undecided 13.9% 13.5%.0% 7.2% 0.7% 0.0% 44.7% 66 12.1 Page 12
Direction of Country Q. All things considered, would you say the country is moving in the right direction or the wrong direction? Right Direction Wrong Direction DK/NR Margin of Error NATIONALLY.4% 39.2% 10.3% 1466 2.6 REGION British Columbia 46.4% 35.5% 18.1% 1 9.0 Alberta 66.9% 24.0% 9.1% 136 8.4 Saskatchewan/Manitoba 66.8% 26.3% 6.9% 87 10.5 Ontario 47.8% 44.7% 7.5% 549 4.2 Quebec 44.4% 41.9% 13.8% 456 4.6 Atlantic Canada 53.5%.9% 5.7% 118 9.0 Male 52.5%.7% 6.7% 665 3.8 Female 48.6% 38.0% 13.4% 801 3.5 <25 55.5% 33.0% 11.5% 104 9.6 25-44.5% 37.2% 12.3% 470 4.5 45-64.5% 42.5% 6.9% 595 4.0 65+ 46.9% 41.0% 12.1% 297 5.7 High school or less 45.4%.2% 14.4% 5 4.9 College or CEGEP 55.4% 37.0% 7.6% 514 4.3 University or higher 49.5%.6% 9.8% 547 4.2 CURRENT VOTE INTENTION Conservative Party of Canada 70.9% 19.9% 9.2% 397 4.9 Liberal Party of Canada 45.3% 44.1% 10.6% 358 5.2 NDP 45.2% 49.3% 5.4% 2 6.9 Green Party 38.0% 53.9% 8.1% 132 8.5 Bloc Quebecois 35.2% 52.8% 12.0% 141 8.3 Undecided 24.2% 68.1% 7.7% 37 16.1 Page 13
Direction of Government Q. All things considered, would you say the Government of Canada is moving in the right direction or the wrong direction? Right Direction Wrong Direction DK/NR Margin of Error NATIONALLY 44.0% 44.2% 11.8% 1513 2.5 REGION British Columbia 53.5% 35.4% 11.0% 124 8.8 Alberta 59.1% 25.7% 15.1% 139 8.3 Saskatchewan/Manitoba 35.5% 51.7% 12.8% 106 9.5 Ontario 42.6% 46.1% 11.3% 602 4.0 Quebec 35.7% 53.5% 10.7% 437 4.7 Atlantic Canada.4% 34.4% 15.1% 105 9.6 Male 47.1% 44.2% 8.7% 683 3.8 Female.9% 44.1% 15.0% 8 3.4 <25 37.1% 46.5% 16.4% 109 9.4 25-44 44.8% 47.3% 7.9% 9 4.3 45-64 44.8% 44.5% 10.7% 593 4.0 65+ 45.7% 35.2% 19.0% 2 5.6 High school or less 42.1%.9% 17.0% 425 4.8 College or CEGEP 49.8% 39.7% 10.5% 513 4.3 University or higher.2%.1% 9.7% 575 4.1 CURRENT VOTE INTENTION Conservative Party of Canada 78.7% 14.0% 7.2% 418 4.8 Liberal Party of Canada 35.4% 53.6% 11.0% 360 5.2 NDP 27.0% 61.3% 11.7% 197 7.0 Green Party 26.8% 58.1% 15.1% 124 8.8 Bloc Quebecois 19.8% 73.4% 6.9% 148 8.1 Undecided 13.6% 83.3% 3.1% 29 18.2 Page 14
National Federal Vote Intention: August 4-10 (Week 1) Margin of Error NATIONALLY 32.2% 27.7% 15.4% 12.3% 9.5% 2.8% 48 2.2 REGION British Columbia 29.4% 25.1% 23.1% 19.4% 0.0% 3.1% 2 6.3 Alberta 61.2% 18.4% 5.0% 9.9% 0.0% 5.5% 180 7.3 Saskatchewan/Manitoba 47.3% 17.8% 21.0% 11.3% 0.0% 2.6% 127 8.7 Ontario 34.9% 33.7% 15.8% 12.5% 0.0% 3.1% 826 3.4 Quebec 12.9% 24.6% 12.5% 10.2% 37.9% 1.9% 9 4.3 Atlantic Canada 34.2% 35.4% 19.6% 10.3% 0.0% 0.5% 166 7.6 Male 38.6% 26.6% 13.1% 10.2% 8.7% 2.9% 996 3.1 Female 25.7% 28.9% 17.8% 14.6% 10.3% 2.7% 1052 3.0 <25 19.7% 22.3% 16.2% 23.7% 13.7% 4.4% 158 7.8 25-44 29.2% 25.0% 16.8% 15.8% 10.8% 2.4% 598 4.0 45-64 34.5% 29.8% 15.1% 9.0% 8.6% 3.1% 805 3.5 65+ 41.4% 32.1% 13.0% 5.2% 6.1% 2.2% 487 4.4 High school or less 33.8% 22.1% 14.3% 14.8% 11.4% 3.5% 522 4.3 College or CEGEP 37.5% 22.8% 15.0% 12.0% 10.1% 2.6% 636 3.9 University or higher 27.2% 34.9% 16.5% 11.1% 7.7% 2.6% 889 3.3 METROPOLITAN CANADA Vancouver 26.1% 26.1% 29.0% 16.7% 0.0% 2.1% 103 9.7 Calgary 63.3% 18.5% 2.1% 9.7% 0.0% 6.3% 57 13.0 Toronto 28.1% 43.1% 14.1% 10.9% 0.0% 3.9% 9 5.6 Ottawa 41.6% 29.9% 16.5% 8.9% 0.0% 3.1% 153 7.9 Montreal 13.2% 27.9% 13.5% 10.0% 32.7% 2.6% 2 6.2 Page 15
Methodology: EKOS weekly tracking polls are conducted using Interactive Voice Recognition (IVR) technology, which allows respondents to enter their preferences by punching the keypad on their phone, rather than telling them to an operator. In an effort to reduce the coverage bias of landline only RDD, we created a dual landline/cell phone RDD sampling frame for this research. As a result, we are able to reach those with both a landline and cell phone, as well as cell phone only households and landline only households. This dual frame yields a near perfect unweighted distribution on age group and gender, something almost never seen with traditional landline RDD sample or interviewer-administered surveys. The field dates for this survey are August 11 August 17, 10. 1 In total, a random sample of 2,979 Canadians aged 18 and over responded to the survey (including a sub-sample of 2,543 decided voters). The margin of error associated with the total sample is +/-1.8 percentage points, 19 times out of. Please note that the margin of error increases when the results are sub-divided (i.e., error margins for sub-groups such as region, sex, age, education). All the data have been statistically weighted to ensure the samples composition reflects that of the actual population of Canada according to Census data. 1 Please note that these dates are not inclusive of weekends, as we do not survey on Saturday or Sunday. Page 16
Annex: Federal vote intention: August 4-10 32.2 27.7 10 0 15.4 12.3 CPC LPC NDP GP BQ 9.5 2.8 BASE: Decided Voters; August 4-10 (n=2,048) Page 17