FSD2273. Finnish Local Government 2004: Inhabitants Codebook

FSD2273 Finnish Local Government 2004: Inhabitants 2004 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Local Government 2004: Inhabitants 2004 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2018. This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (5.9.2007) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi +358 40 190 1442 Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.fi/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/ $ Koodikirjoitin.py v35 @ 2018-01-25 13:12:31.817000 $

To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD2273 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Helander, Voitto (Åbo Akademi University) & Pekola-Sjöblom, Marianne (Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities) & Sjöblom, Stefan (University of Helsinki): Finnish Local Government 2004: Inhabitants 2004 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2007-09-05). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:t- FSD2273 The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

Contents 1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles....................................... 1 1.2 Subject description................................ 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data........................ 3 1.4 Use of data.................................... 4 2 Variables 7 3 Indexes 119 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence....................... 119 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order.......................... 131 A naire in Finnish 143 B naire in Swedish 153 i

Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: Finnish Local Government 2004: Inhabitants 2004 Titles and data version in Finnish: KuntaSuomi 2004: kuntalaiskysely 2004 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (5.9.2007) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Authoring entity Helander, Voitto (Åbo Akademi University) Pekola-Sjöblom, Marianne (Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities) Sjöblom, Stefan (University of Helsinki. Swedish School of Social Science) Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Pekola-Sjöblom, Marianne (Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities) Date of deposit 4.7.2007 1

1. Study description Keywords associations; attitudes; candidates; citizenship; elected officials; elections; housing; local government; local government elections; local government policy; municipalities; participation; place of residence; political allegiance; political participation; politics; public services; regional identity; residential areas; social influence; voluntary organizations; voting; voting behaviour Topic Classification Fields of Science Classification: social sciences CESSDA Classification: government, political systems and organisations; political behaviour and attitudes; social welfare policy Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish Local Government 2004 The research programme Finnish Local Government 2004 is a joint programme launched by the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, universities and research centres. It is funded by Finnish municipalities and the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. The project engages in a systematic and comparable analysis of the development of the municipal sector in 1995-2004. The 47 municipalities participating in the programme are representative of the Finnish local government sector. The study programme comprises of 14 research modules. For most modules, data are collected through mail surveys. The data may be used for cross-sectional or time series analysis. Abstract This survey studies the inhabitants views on their municipalities, municipal services, and decision-makers. Views were also probed on the different ways of participation and influencing, as well as on the level of political and civic activity. The respondents opinions on how likely they will live in their current municipality of residence for the rest of their lives were charted. They were also asked whether they considered their municipality a good place to live compared to other municipalities. The respondents were asked to what extent they identified with their neighbourhood, municipality, region, country, the Nordic countries, the EU, and Europe on the whole. Political inclinations were surveyed by asking the respondents to place themselves on the left-right axis and on the hard-soft scale. The survey also charted the respondents satisfaction with their lives, economic situation, and housing. The respondents were asked to evaluate their own abilities to interact with their municipality and to defend their own interests. 2

1.3. Structure and collection of the data The respondents were asked which municipal services (public services) they had used in the last 12 months, how well certain municipal services functioned, and whether the municipality should invest more or less in these services in the future. The respondents were also asked whether they had been elected to any office in their municipality, and whether they would be willing to hold an elected office. Political views and activity were investigated by asking the respondents whether they were going to vote in the 2004 municipal elections, whether they were going to vote for a female or male candidate, which party they were going to vote for, and whether they change the party they vote for between different elections. Relating to voting decision, the respondents were asked to rate the importance of the person, the party, and the fact that the candidate lives in the same municipality. Methods and activity of influencing decision-making were studied by asking the respondents whether they had followed current issues concerning their municipality in the media or visited the web pages of their municipality. Further questions covered whether the respondents had given feedback on public services in their municipality and whether the eventual feedback had been countered. The respondents were asked whether they had used certain methods of influencing decision-making (e.g. taking part in demonstrations, signing petitions, contacting decision-makers). They were also asked to rate the effectiveness of these methods. Membership and participation in non-governmental organisations and associations was also queried. Finally, the respondents gave their views on a set of attitudinal statements related to organising different services and administration. In addition, they were asked to assess how integral certain aspects are to the idea of citizenship (e.g. paying taxes honestly, obeying the law and regulations, sacrificing personal interest for the common good, respecting public property, membership in a political party). Background variables included the respondent s year of birth, gender, number of underage children, education, employment type, employer, and tenure. Background variables not asked in the questionnaire included the respondent s marital status and mother tongue. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland, Espoo, Hamina, Haukipudas, Humppila, Hämeenlinna, Iitti, Jaala, Joroinen, Kaarina, Karstula, Kemiö, Kerava, Kiikala, Kokkola, Kolari, Kotka, Kristiinankaupunki, Kuhmoinen, Lappeenranta, Leppävirta, Lieksa, Liljendal, Lumijoki, Mikkeli, Multia, Naantali, Noormarkku, Närpiö, Oulainen, Outokumpu, Padasjoki, Pieksämäki, Porvoo, Pudasjärvi, Punkaharju, Pyhäntä, Pylkönmäki, Ranua, Rääkkylä, Sonkajärvi, Suolahti, Tyrnävä, Vaasa, Vahto, Varkaus, Vimpeli, Virrat Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Residents of the project municipalities aged 18 or over Collection date: August 2004 December 2004 Data collector(s): Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities Mode of data collection: Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire 3

1. Study description Time period covered: 2004 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Response rate: 53% Number of variables and cases: The data contain 254 variables and 13265 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability: Multistage Simple random sampling, sample size 25,050. The project municipalities in the Finnish Local Government 2004 research programme have been completed every year. In 2004, the list was extended to cover Kangaslampi, which was annexed to the city of Varkaus at the beginning of 2005. The research universe consists of 47 municipalities. The Population Register Centre randomly drew a sample of 300, 450, 650 or 1,500 inhabitants in each selected municipality according to its size. There were three follow-up mailings, of which the last one was sent only to those municipalities where the response rate was among the lowest. 13,265 questionnaires were returned. 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal The variable indicating municipality has been removed from the data. Related publications Demokratiaindikaattorit 2013. Toim. Borg, Sami. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Selvityksiä ja ohjeita 52/2013. URN:ISBN:978-952-259-334-4 Pekola-Sjöblom, Marianne & Helander, Voitto & Sjöblom, Stefan (2006). Kuntalainen - kansalainen. Tutkimus kuntalaisten asenteista ja osallistumisesta 1996-2004. Helsinki: Suomen Kuntaliitto. KuntaSuomi 2004 -tutkimuksia; 56 & Acta-sarja; 182. Pikkala, Sari (2009). Avhoppare och utslagna. Personomsättning i finländska kommunfullmäktige. Åbo: Åbo Akademis förlag. Schoultz, Vera (2010). Nuorten poliittinen osallistuminen ja sen murros. Teoksessa Ohipuhuttu nuoruus? Nuorten elinolot -vuosikirja (toim. Anu-Hanna Anttila, Kristiina Kuussaari & Tiina Puhakka), 93-104. Helsinki: Nuorisotutkimusverkosto/Nuorisotutkimusseura, Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos THL & Valtion nuorisoasiain neuvottelukunta Nuora. Updated list of publications in the study description at https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/fsd2273?lang=en&study_language=en Related studies FSD2272 Finnish Local Government 2004 : Inhabitants 2000 4

1.4. Use of data FSD1207 Finnish Local Government 2004 : Inhabitants 1996 [Käytän ja kuvailun oheismateriaalit] Pekola-Sjöblom, Marianne & Helander, Voitto & Sjöblom, Stefan (2006). Kuntalainen - kansalainen. Tutkimus kuntalaisten asenteista ja osallistumisesta 1996-2004. KuntaSuomi 2004 -tutkimuksia nro 56. Helsinki: Suomen Kuntaliitto http://www.kunnat.net/k_kuntaliitto_perussivu.asp?path=1;161;279;29902;29906;45777;51260 Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. Restrictions The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. 5

Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 13265 minimum 2273.00 maximum 2273.00 mean 2273.00 standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 13265 minimum 1.00 maximum 1.00 mean 1.00 standard deviation 0.00 7

2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level FSD processing level A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) 2 0 0.0 0.0 C (dataset has not been checked at FSD) 3 0 0.0 0.0 [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 13265 minimum 1.00 maximum 13265.00 mean 6633.00 standard deviation 3829.42 [BV1] Respondent s marital status Respondent s marital status Single 1 3476 26.2 26.2 Married 2 7515 56.7 56.7 Separated 3 11 0.1 0.1 (continued on next page) 8

K02 (cont. from previous page) Divorced 4 1358 10.2 10.2 Widow 5 893 6.7 6.7 No information 6 2 0.0 0.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 10 0.1 [BV2] Respondent s mother tongue Respondent s mother tongue Finnish 1 12186 91.9 91.9 Swedish 2 1069 8.1 8.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 10 0.1 [K01] Respondent s year of birth Respondent s year of birth Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 13255 minimum 1909.00 maximum 1986.00 mean 1953.83 standard deviation 16.59 [K02] Respondent s gender Respondent s gender 9

2. Variables Male 1 6221 46.9 46.9 Female 2 7034 53.0 53.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 10 0.1 [K03_1] Number of children aged 0-6 Number of children aged 0-6 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2264 minimum 0.00 maximum 6.00 mean 1.18 standard deviation 0.91 [K03_2] Number of children aged 7-17 Number of children aged 7-17 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 3509 minimum 0.00 maximum 14.00 mean 1.54 standard deviation 1.13 [K04] Respondent s education Respondent s education 10

K06 Primary/lower secondary education 1 3951 29.8 30.3 Vocational/commercial education or course 2 3032 22.9 23.3 Upper secondary education (no vocational education) 3 702 5.3 5.4 College level education 4 2969 22.4 22.8 Lower academic degree (first stage of tertiary educ.) 5 990 7.5 7.6 Higher academic degree (second stage of tertiary 6 959 7.2 7.4 educ.) Other 7 426 3.2 3.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 236 1.8 [K05] Respondent s occupational status Respondent s occupational status Higher managerial (salaried) occupation 1 348 2.6 2.7 Lower managerial or professional occupation 2 876 6.6 6.7 Administrative, clerical, or secretarial occupation 3 1272 9.6 9.7 Worker 4 3410 25.7 26.1 Large or small employer, own account worker 5 810 6.1 6.2 Farmer 6 388 2.9 3.0 Student 7 800 6.0 6.1 Homemaker (taking care of house/children/family 8 312 2.4 2.4 members) Unemployed/laid off 9 749 5.6 5.7 Retired 10 3870 29.2 29.6 Other 11 254 1.9 1.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 176 1.3 [K06] Respondent s current employer Respondent s current employer 11

2. Variables Municipality/municipal federation 1 1946 14.7 16.1 Municipal company/utility 2 121 0.9 1.0 Government/state/other public employer 3 736 5.5 6.1 Voluntary organisation/association 4 240 1.8 2.0 Company 5 3307 24.9 27.3 Own company/self-employed 6 1126 8.5 9.3 Not in employment 7 4359 32.9 36.0 Other 8 258 1.9 2.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 1172 8.8 [K07] Is your workplace located in your municipality of residence? Is your workplace located in your municipality of residence? Yes, it is located in my municipality of residence 1 5095 38.4 66.7 No, it is located in some other municipality 2 2547 19.2 33.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 5623 42.4 [K08] Respondent s housing tenure Respondent s housing tenure Owner-occupied 1 10059 75.8 76.3 Rented 2 2339 17.6 17.7 Rented with job/job-related housing 3 52 0.4 0.4 Other 4 738 5.6 5.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 77 0.6 (continued on next page) 12

K11 (cont. from previous page) [K09] Where do you live? Where do you live? In a city/town centre or inner city 1 4573 34.5 34.8 In the outskirts, surburb or on the fringe of town centre 2 4154 31.3 31.6 In sparsely populated area 3 4429 33.4 33.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 109 0.8 [K10] How often do you talk with your neighbours? How often do you talk with your neighbours? Never 1 293 2.2 2.2 Seldom 2 1950 14.7 14.8 Once in a while 3 4031 30.4 30.6 Once a week 4 3716 28.0 28.2 Daily 5 3165 23.9 24.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 110 0.8 [K11] How likely will you live in your current municipality of residence for the rest of your life? How likely will you live in your current municipality of residence for the rest of your life? 13

2. Variables Very likely 1 1453 11.0 11.1 Fairly likely 2 970 7.3 7.4 Neither likely nor unlikely 3 2092 15.8 16.0 Fairly unlikely 4 2661 20.1 20.4 Very unlikely 5 5888 44.4 45.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 201 1.5 [K12] How would you think your municipality of residence would succeed in an imaginary competition between different municipalities? How would you think your municipality of residence would succeed in an imaginary competition between different municipalities? Very badly 1 575 4.3 4.4 Fairly badly 2 1387 10.5 10.7 Neither badly nor well 3 4352 32.8 33.4 Fairly well 4 4414 33.3 33.9 Very well 5 2293 17.3 17.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 244 1.8 [K13_1] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Neighbourhood How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Neighbourhood Very little 1 854 6.4 7.2 (continued on next page) 14

K13_3 (cont. from previous page) Fairly little 2 1857 14.0 15.6 Neither little nor much 3 3803 28.7 31.9 Fairly much 4 3817 28.8 32.0 Quite much 5 1592 12.0 13.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1342 10.1 [K13_2] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: District or village How much do you identify with the following regional entity: District or village Very little 1 698 5.3 6.0 Fairly little 2 1913 14.4 16.5 Neither little nor much 3 3836 28.9 33.0 Fairly much 4 3846 29.0 33.1 Quite much 5 1320 10.0 11.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1652 12.5 [K13_3] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Municipality or city of residence How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Municipality or city of residence Very little 1 584 4.4 5.0 Fairly little 2 1516 11.4 13.0 Neither little nor much 3 4015 30.3 34.5 Fairly much 4 4013 30.3 34.4 (continued on next page) 15

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Quite much 5 1526 11.5 13.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 1611 12.1 [K13_4] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Subregion How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Sub-region Very little 1 2090 15.8 18.5 Fairly little 2 3525 26.6 31.2 Neither little nor much 3 3765 28.4 33.3 Fairly much 4 1533 11.6 13.6 Quite much 5 383 2.9 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1969 14.8 [K13_5] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Region How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Region Very little 1 1487 11.2 13.0 Fairly little 2 2769 20.9 24.3 Neither little nor much 3 3891 29.3 34.1 Fairly much 4 2377 17.9 20.9 Quite much 5 873 6.6 7.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1868 14.1 16

K13_8 [K13_6] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Province How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Province Very little 1 1630 12.3 14.4 Fairly little 2 2523 19.0 22.3 Neither little nor much 3 3632 27.4 32.1 Fairly much 4 2417 18.2 21.4 Quite much 5 1113 8.4 9.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1950 14.7 [K13_7] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Finland How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Finland Very little 1 381 2.9 3.3 Fairly little 2 566 4.3 4.9 Neither little nor much 3 1523 11.5 13.1 Fairly much 4 3245 24.5 27.8 Quite much 5 5952 44.9 51.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 1598 12.0 [K13_8] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Nordic countries How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Nordic countries 17

2. Variables Very little 1 842 6.3 7.5 Fairly little 2 1542 11.6 13.8 Neither little nor much 3 3144 23.7 28.1 Fairly much 4 3198 24.1 28.6 Quite much 5 2464 18.6 22.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 2075 15.6 [K13_9] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: European Union How much do you identify with the following regional entity: European Union Very little 1 2538 19.1 22.5 Fairly little 2 2843 21.4 25.2 Neither little nor much 3 3488 26.3 30.9 Fairly much 4 1714 12.9 15.2 Quite much 5 716 5.4 6.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 1966 14.8 [K13_10] How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Europe How much do you identify with the following regional entity: Europe Very little 1 1740 13.1 15.3 Fairly little 2 2199 16.6 19.3 Neither little nor much 3 3380 25.5 29.7 Fairly much 4 2356 17.8 20.7 Quite much 5 1693 12.8 14.9 (continued on next page) 18

K14_2 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS). 1897 14.3 [K14_1] In terms of political orientation, how would you place yourself on the following scale: Left - right In terms of political orientation, how would you place yourself on the following scale: Left - right Very much on the left 1 504 3.8 4.2 Somewhat on the left 2 1405 10.6 11.8 Neither on the left nor on the right 3 5397 40.7 45.2 Somewhat on the right 4 3246 24.5 27.2 Very much on the right 5 1385 10.4 11.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 1328 10.0 [K14_2] In terms of political orientation, how would you place yourself on the following scale: Hard - soft In terms of political orientation, how would you place yourself on the following scale: Hard - soft Very hard 1 240 1.8 2.0 Fairly hard 2 791 6.0 6.7 Neither hard nor soft 3 5111 38.5 43.4 Fairly soft 4 4047 30.5 34.4 Very soft 5 1580 11.9 13.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1496 11.3 (continued on next page) 19

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [K15_1] How satisfied are you with: Your current life situation in general How satisfied are you with: Your current life situation in general Very dissatisfied 1 353 2.7 2.7 Fairly dissatisfied 2 766 5.8 5.9 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 3 3018 22.8 23.4 Fairly satisfied 4 5980 45.1 46.3 Very satisfied 5 2790 21.0 21.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 358 2.7 [K15_2] How satisfied are you with: Your or your family s financial situation How satisfied are you with: Your or your family s financial situation Very dissatisfied 1 600 4.5 4.8 Fairly dissatisfied 2 1433 10.8 11.5 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 3 4024 30.3 32.3 Fairly satisfied 4 4716 35.6 37.8 Very satisfied 5 1690 12.7 13.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 802 6.0 20

K17A_1 [K15_3] How satisfied are you with: Your or your family s housing situation How satisfied are you with: Your or your family s housing situation Very dissatisfied 1 316 2.4 2.5 Fairly dissatisfied 2 726 5.5 5.8 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 3 2412 18.2 19.3 Fairly satisfied 4 5172 39.0 41.4 Very satisfied 5 3873 29.2 31.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 766 5.8 [K16] How good is your ability to do business with your municipality of residence and to defend your own interests? How good is your ability to do business with your municipality of residence and to defend your own interests? Very bad 1 870 6.6 6.6 Fairly bad 2 1938 14.6 14.8 Neither good nor bad 3 4859 36.6 37.1 Fairly good 4 4274 32.2 32.7 Very good 5 1144 8.6 8.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 180 1.4 [K17A_1] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Social services in general Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Social services in general 21

2. Variables I have not used the service 1 9254 69.8 79.7 I have used the service 2 2355 17.8 20.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 1656 12.5 [K17A_2] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Child day care Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Child day care I have not used the service 1 10179 76.7 88.3 I have used the service 2 1348 10.2 11.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1738 13.1 [K17A_3] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Sheltered/service housing Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Sheltered/service housing I have not used the service 1 11313 85.3 98.0 I have used the service 2 235 1.8 2.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 1717 12.9 22

K17A_6 [K17A_4] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Home help service Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Home help service I have not used the service 1 11207 84.5 96.0 I have used the service 2 473 3.6 4.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 1585 11.9 [K17A_5] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Elderly home Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Elderly home I have not used the service 1 11348 85.5 98.2 I have used the service 2 213 1.6 1.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1704 12.8 [K17A_6] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Services for the disabled Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Services for the disabled 23

2. Variables I have not used the service 1 11184 84.3 96.5 I have used the service 2 406 3.1 3.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 1675 12.6 [K17A_7] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Services for substance/drug abusers Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Services for substance/drug abusers I have not used the service 1 11347 85.5 98.7 I have used the service 2 145 1.1 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 1773 13.4 [K17A_8] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Other social services Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Other social services I have not used the service 1 10437 78.7 92.2 I have used the service 2 882 6.6 7.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1946 14.7 [K17A_9] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Health care in general Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Health care in general 24

K17A_11 I have not used the service 1 2779 20.9 26.1 I have used the service 2 7859 59.2 73.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 2627 19.8 [K17A_10] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Health centre ward Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Health centre ward I have not used the service 1 10251 77.3 88.8 I have used the service 2 1297 9.8 11.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 1717 12.9 [K17A_11] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Central/district hospital Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Central/district hospital I have not used the service 1 6922 52.2 59.3 I have used the service 2 4760 35.9 40.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1583 11.9 25

2. Variables [K17A_12] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Home health care Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Home health care I have not used the service 1 10785 81.3 94.2 I have used the service 2 661 5.0 5.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1819 13.7 [K17A_13] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Dental care Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Dental care I have not used the service 1 5381 40.6 45.6 I have used the service 2 6423 48.4 54.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 1461 11.0 [K17A_14] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Health centre general practice/clinic Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Health centre general practice/clinic 26

K17A_17 I have not used the service 1 2953 22.3 23.9 I have used the service 2 9407 70.9 76.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 905 6.8 [K17A_15] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Mental health services Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Mental health services I have not used the service 1 10738 80.9 94.4 I have used the service 2 643 4.8 5.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 1884 14.2 [K17A_16] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Education and culture services in general Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Education and culture services in general I have not used the service 1 5341 40.3 50.9 I have used the service 2 5160 38.9 49.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 2764 20.8 [K17A_17] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Preschool education Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Preschool education 27

2. Variables I have not used the service 1 10260 77.3 90.9 I have used the service 2 1021 7.7 9.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 1984 15.0 [K17A_18] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Primary school education Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Primary school education I have not used the service 1 9092 68.5 79.8 I have used the service 2 2304 17.4 20.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 1869 14.1 [K17A_19] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Lower secondary school education Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Lower secondary school education I have not used the service 1 9652 72.8 85.0 I have used the service 2 1706 12.9 15.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 1907 14.4 28

K17A_22 [K17A_20] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Upper secondary school education Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Upper secondary school education I have not used the service 1 10185 76.8 90.3 I have used the service 2 1088 8.2 9.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1992 15.0 [K17A_21] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Vocational education Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Vocational education I have not used the service 1 10194 76.8 90.4 I have used the service 2 1087 8.2 9.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 1984 15.0 [K17A_22] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Community college and adult education Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Community college and adult education 29

2. Variables I have not used the service 1 8302 62.6 72.4 I have used the service 2 3167 23.9 27.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 1796 13.5 [K17A_23] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Library Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Library I have not used the service 1 3353 25.3 28.2 I have used the service 2 8554 64.5 71.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 1358 10.2 [K17A_24] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Culture services Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Culture services I have not used the service 1 6531 49.2 56.5 I have used the service 2 5037 38.0 43.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 1697 12.8 [K17A_25] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Youth services Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Youth services 30

K17A_27 I have not used the service 1 9776 73.7 87.0 I have used the service 2 1456 11.0 13.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 2033 15.3 [K17A_26] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Sports, fitness and other recreation services Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Sports, fitness and other recreation services I have not used the service 1 5392 40.6 46.3 I have used the service 2 6253 47.1 53.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1620 12.2 [K17A_27] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Technical services in general Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Technical services in general I have not used the service 1 5463 41.2 55.1 I have used the service 2 4460 33.6 44.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 3342 25.2 31

2. Variables [K17A_28] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Municipal housing supply Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Municipal housing supply I have not used the service 1 10177 76.7 91.2 I have used the service 2 986 7.4 8.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 2102 15.8 [K17A_29] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Municipal land supply Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Municipal land supply I have not used the service 1 10543 79.5 94.9 I have used the service 2 561 4.2 5.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 2161 16.3 [K17A_30] Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Public transport services Have you used the following municipal service during the past 12 months: Public transport services 32

K17B_2 I have not used the service 1 6540 49.3 61.5 I have used the service 2 4090 30.8 38.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 2635 19.9 [K17B_1] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Social services in general How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Social services in general Very badly 1 221 1.7 2.2 Fairly badly 2 794 6.0 7.9 Neither well nor badly 3 5877 44.3 58.2 Fairly well 4 2748 20.7 27.2 Very well 5 462 3.5 4.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 3163 23.8 [K17B_2] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Child day care How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Child day care Very badly 1 141 1.1 1.4 Fairly badly 2 573 4.3 5.7 Neither well nor badly 3 4257 32.1 42.0 Fairly well 4 4173 31.5 41.2 Very well 5 983 7.4 9.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 3138 23.7 33

2. Variables [K17B_3] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Sheltered/service housing How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Sheltered/service housing Very badly 1 158 1.2 1.6 Fairly badly 2 845 6.4 8.5 Neither well nor badly 3 5424 40.9 54.7 Fairly well 4 2934 22.1 29.6 Very well 5 550 4.1 5.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 3354 25.3 [K17B_4] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Home help service How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Home help service Very badly 1 218 1.6 2.2 Fairly badly 2 981 7.4 9.8 Neither well nor badly 3 5491 41.4 54.8 Fairly well 4 2802 21.1 28.0 Very well 5 523 3.9 5.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 3250 24.5 [K17B_5] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Elderly home How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Elderly home 34

K17B_7 Very badly 1 273 2.1 2.8 Fairly badly 2 1177 8.9 11.9 Neither well nor badly 3 5357 40.4 54.3 Fairly well 4 2560 19.3 25.9 Very well 5 501 3.8 5.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 3397 25.6 [K17B_6] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Services for the disabled How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Services for the disabled Very badly 1 269 2.0 2.7 Fairly badly 2 1272 9.6 12.9 Neither well nor badly 3 5834 44.0 59.0 Fairly well 4 2109 15.9 21.3 Very well 5 411 3.1 4.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 3370 25.4 [K17B_7] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Services for substance/drug abusers How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Services for substance/drug abusers Very badly 1 374 2.8 3.9 (continued on next page) 35

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Fairly badly 2 1485 11.2 15.3 Neither well nor badly 3 6012 45.3 62.1 Fairly well 4 1497 11.3 15.5 Very well 5 313 2.4 3.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 3584 27.0 [K17B_8] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Other social services How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Other social services Very badly 1 305 2.3 3.4 Fairly badly 2 1021 7.7 11.3 Neither well nor badly 3 5590 42.1 61.8 Fairly well 4 1730 13.0 19.1 Very well 5 392 3.0 4.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 4227 31.9 [K17B_9] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Health care in general How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Health care in general Very badly 1 349 2.6 3.4 Fairly badly 2 1256 9.5 12.2 (continued on next page) 36

K17B_11 (cont. from previous page) Neither well nor badly 3 4523 34.1 43.9 Fairly well 4 3410 25.7 33.1 Very well 5 763 5.8 7.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 2964 22.3 [K17B_10] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Health centre ward How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Health centre ward Very badly 1 334 2.5 3.3 Fairly badly 2 1383 10.4 13.6 Neither well nor badly 3 5106 38.5 50.3 Fairly well 4 2757 20.8 27.1 Very well 5 581 4.4 5.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 3104 23.4 [K17B_11] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Central/district hospital How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Central/district hospital Very badly 1 246 1.9 2.3 Fairly badly 2 906 6.8 8.6 Neither well nor badly 3 4527 34.1 42.7 (continued on next page) 37

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Fairly well 4 3902 29.4 36.8 Very well 5 1010 7.6 9.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 2674 20.2 [K17B_12] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Home health care How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Home health care Very badly 1 211 1.6 2.1 Fairly badly 2 1020 7.7 10.3 Neither well nor badly 3 5599 42.2 56.3 Fairly well 4 2520 19.0 25.4 Very well 5 590 4.4 5.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 3325 25.1 [K17B_13] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Dental care How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Dental care Very badly 1 567 4.3 5.2 Fairly badly 2 1380 10.4 12.7 Neither well nor badly 3 3725 28.1 34.2 Fairly well 4 3861 29.1 35.5 Very well 5 1354 10.2 12.4 (continued on next page) 38

K17B_15 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS). 2378 17.9 [K17B_14] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Health centre general practice/clinic How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Health centre general practice/clinic Very badly 1 731 5.5 6.4 Fairly badly 2 1657 12.5 14.4 Neither well nor badly 3 3836 28.9 33.4 Fairly well 4 3978 30.0 34.7 Very well 5 1271 9.6 11.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 1792 13.5 [K17B_15] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Mental health services How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Mental health services Very badly 1 426 3.2 4.4 Fairly badly 2 1586 12.0 16.3 Neither well nor badly 3 5748 43.3 59.0 Fairly well 4 1657 12.5 17.0 Very well 5 333 2.5 3.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 3515 26.5 (continued on next page) 39

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [K17B_16] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Education and culture services in general How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Education and culture services in general Very badly 1 89 0.7 0.9 Fairly badly 2 423 3.2 4.4 Neither well nor badly 3 4467 33.7 46.8 Fairly well 4 3844 29.0 40.2 Very well 5 732 5.5 7.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 3710 28.0 [K17B_17] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Preschool education How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Preschool education Very badly 1 87 0.7 0.9 Fairly badly 2 355 2.7 3.6 Neither well nor badly 3 4209 31.7 42.7 Fairly well 4 4099 30.9 41.6 Very well 5 1097 8.3 11.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 3418 25.8 40

K17B_19 [K17B_18] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Primary school education How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Primary school education Very badly 1 90 0.7 0.9 Fairly badly 2 424 3.2 4.2 Neither well nor badly 3 3974 30.0 39.5 Fairly well 4 4403 33.2 43.7 Very well 5 1180 8.9 11.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 3194 24.1 [K17B_19] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Lower secondary school education How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Lower secondary school education Very badly 1 124 0.9 1.2 Fairly badly 2 483 3.6 4.8 Neither well nor badly 3 4438 33.5 44.5 Fairly well 4 4009 30.2 40.2 Very well 5 923 7.0 9.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 3288 24.8 41

2. Variables [K17B_20] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Upper secondary school education How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Upper secondary school education Very badly 1 233 1.8 2.4 Fairly badly 2 490 3.7 5.1 Neither well nor badly 3 4322 32.6 44.6 Fairly well 4 3731 28.1 38.5 Very well 5 919 6.9 9.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 3570 26.9 [K17B_21] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Vocational education How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Vocational education Very badly 1 385 2.9 4.0 Fairly badly 2 773 5.8 8.0 Neither well nor badly 3 4729 35.7 48.9 Fairly well 4 3102 23.4 32.1 Very well 5 689 5.2 7.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 3587 27.0 42

K17B_24 [K17B_22] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Community college and adult education How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Community college and adult education Very badly 1 115 0.9 1.1 Fairly badly 2 464 3.5 4.6 Neither well nor badly 3 4075 30.7 40.0 Fairly well 4 4281 32.3 42.0 Very well 5 1258 9.5 12.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 3072 23.2 [K17B_23] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Library How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Library Very badly 1 92 0.7 0.8 Fairly badly 2 339 2.6 3.1 Neither well nor badly 3 2501 18.9 22.6 Fairly well 4 5204 39.2 47.0 Very well 5 2938 22.1 26.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 2191 16.5 [K17B_24] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Culture services How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Culture services 43

2. Variables Very badly 1 317 2.4 3.0 Fairly badly 2 1182 8.9 11.4 Neither well nor badly 3 4362 32.9 42.0 Fairly well 4 3542 26.7 34.1 Very well 5 992 7.5 9.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 2870 21.6 [K17B_25] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Youth services How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Youth services Very badly 1 233 1.8 2.4 Fairly badly 2 1232 9.3 12.5 Neither well nor badly 3 5442 41.0 55.2 Fairly well 4 2468 18.6 25.1 Very well 5 477 3.6 4.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 3413 25.7 [K17B_26] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Sports, fitness and other recreation services How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Sports, fitness and other recreation services Very badly 1 184 1.4 1.8 (continued on next page) 44

K17B_28 (cont. from previous page) Fairly badly 2 716 5.4 6.8 Neither well nor badly 3 3914 29.5 37.3 Fairly well 4 4351 32.8 41.4 Very well 5 1337 10.1 12.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 2763 20.8 [K17B_27] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Technical services in general How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Technical services in general Very badly 1 180 1.4 2.0 Fairly badly 2 865 6.5 9.5 Neither well nor badly 3 5355 40.4 58.6 Fairly well 4 2370 17.9 25.9 Very well 5 373 2.8 4.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 4122 31.1 [K17B_28] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Municipal housing supply How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Municipal housing supply Very badly 1 444 3.3 4.5 Fairly badly 2 1651 12.4 16.7 (continued on next page) 45

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Neither well nor badly 3 5042 38.0 50.9 Fairly well 4 2233 16.8 22.6 Very well 5 528 4.0 5.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 3367 25.4 [K17B_29] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Municipal land supply How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Municipal land supply Very badly 1 452 3.4 4.6 Fairly badly 2 1465 11.0 15.0 Neither well nor badly 3 4827 36.4 49.4 Fairly well 4 2376 17.9 24.3 Very well 5 649 4.9 6.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 3496 26.4 [K17B_30] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Public transport services How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Public transport services Very badly 1 1183 8.9 11.2 Fairly badly 2 2275 17.2 21.6 Neither well nor badly 3 4164 31.4 39.5 (continued on next page) 46

K17B_32 (cont. from previous page) Fairly well 4 2362 17.8 22.4 Very well 5 566 4.3 5.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 2715 20.5 [K17B_31] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Municipal engineering How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Municipal engineering Very badly 1 308 2.3 2.8 Fairly badly 2 944 7.1 8.6 Neither well nor badly 3 4507 34.0 40.9 Fairly well 4 4190 31.6 38.0 Very well 5 1067 8.0 9.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 2249 17.0 [K17B_32] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Road and street maintenance How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Road and street maintenance Very badly 1 995 7.5 8.8 Fairly badly 2 2694 20.3 23.9 Neither well nor badly 3 4632 34.9 41.2 Fairly well 4 2515 19.0 22.3 (continued on next page) 47

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Very well 5 417 3.1 3.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 2012 15.2 [K17B_33] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Park maintenance How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Park maintenance Very badly 1 319 2.4 4.4 Fairly badly 2 1056 8.0 14.5 Neither well nor badly 3 3266 24.6 44.9 Fairly well 4 2154 16.2 29.6 Very well 5 480 3.6 6.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 5990 45.2 [K17B_34] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Maintenance of public facilities How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Maintenance of public facilities Very badly 1 289 2.2 2.6 Fairly badly 2 1362 10.3 12.4 Neither well nor badly 3 5744 43.3 52.3 Fairly well 4 3068 23.1 28.0 Very well 5 512 3.9 4.7 (continued on next page) 48

K17B_36 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS). 2290 17.3 [K17B_35] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Fire and rescue services How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Fire and rescue services Very badly 1 84 0.6 0.8 Fairly badly 2 404 3.0 3.6 Neither well nor badly 3 4079 30.8 36.8 Fairly well 4 5103 38.5 46.0 Very well 5 1426 10.8 12.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 2169 16.4 [K17B_36] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Waste management How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Waste management Very badly 1 229 1.7 2.0 Fairly badly 2 728 5.5 6.4 Neither well nor badly 3 4022 30.3 35.2 Fairly well 4 4999 37.7 43.7 Very well 5 1456 11.0 12.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 1831 13.8 (continued on next page) 49

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) [K17B_37] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Environmental protection How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Environmental protection Very badly 1 286 2.2 2.6 Fairly badly 2 1161 8.8 10.5 Neither well nor badly 3 5862 44.2 53.3 Fairly well 4 3135 23.6 28.5 Very well 5 562 4.2 5.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 2259 17.0 [K17B_38] How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Supervision of building How has the following service been organised in your municipality of residence: Supervision of building Very badly 1 319 2.4 2.9 Fairly badly 2 974 7.3 8.8 Neither well nor badly 3 5726 43.2 51.9 Fairly well 4 3264 24.6 29.6 Very well 5 753 5.7 6.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 2229 16.8 50