AMERICAN HISTORY URBAN AMERICA 1865-1896
BOARD QUESTIONS 1) WHERE WAS ELLIS ISLAND? 2) WHERE WAS ANGEL ISLAND? 3) WHERE WERE IMMIGRANT COMING FROM IN THE 1880 S AND 1890 S? 4) WHAT WAS THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION? 5) WHAT WAS THE WORKINGMAN S PARTY OF CALIFORNIA?
BOARD QUESTION 1) IN 1882 WHAT TYPES OF IMMIGRANTS WERE BANNED FROM ENTERING THE U.S.? 2) WHAT WAS THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT? 3) WHAT WAS THE URBAN CLASS STRUCTURE? 4) WHAT IS A SKYSCRAPER? 5) WHAT IS A TENEMENT?
BOARD QUESTIONS 1) WHAT IS A POLITICAL MACHINE? 2) WHAT IS A PARTY BOSS? 3) WHO WAS WILLIAM BOSS TWEED? 4) WHAT IS THE GILDED AGE? 5) WHO WROTE THE GILDED AGE?
BOARD QUESTIONS 1) WHAT IS SOCIAL DARWINISM? 2) WHAT IS PHILANTHROPY? 3) WHAT IS REALISM? 4) WHAT IS VAUDEVILLE? 5) WHAT IS RAGTIME?
BOARD QUESTIONS 1) WHAT IS REFORM DARWINISM? 2) WHAT IS NATURALISM? 3)WHAT IS THE SOCIAL GOSPEL? 4) WHAT TWO ORGANIZATION DID NATURALISM HELP TO CREATE? 5) WHAT IS AMERICANIZATION?
IMMIGRATION BY 1900 MORE THAN HALF OF THE IMMIGRANTS IN THE U.S. HAD COME FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE. BETWEEN 1860-1900, 14 MILLION EASTERN EUROPEAN JEWS HAD IMMIGRATED TO THE U.S. THIS IS DUE TO THE LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES TO OWN LAND OR TO BE INDEPENDENT IN EUROPE.
IMMIGRATION STEERAGE - THE MOST BASIC AND CHEAPEST ACCOMMODATIONS ON A STEAMSHIP. MOST IMMIGRANTS HAD TO COME TO AMERICA IN THESE QUARTERS. EDWARD STEINER - POSED AS AN IMMIGRANT TO WRITE A BOOK ABOUT HOW BAD STEERAGE WAS FOR IMMIGRANTS.
ELLIS ISLAND ELLIS ISLAND - SMALL ISLAND OF NEW YORK HABOR, WHERE A 3 STORY BUILDING STOOD TO PROCESS IMMIGRANTS AFTER 1892. DOCTORS WOULD EXAMINE THE IMMIGRANTS TO DECIDE WEATHER THEY COULD ENTER THE U.S. IF IMMIGRANTS FAILED INSPECTION THEY WERE SEPARATED FROM THEIR FAMILIES AND SENT BACK TO EUROPE.
ETHNIC CITIES BY THE 1890 S SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAGES OF NEW YORK, CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, AND DETROIT WERE IMMIGRANTS. THESE IMMIGRANTS WOULD LIVE IN NEIGHBORHOODS THAT WERE OFTEN SEPARATED INTO ETHNIC GROUPS. EXAMPLES - LITTLE ITALY, AND JEWISH IN LOWER EAST SIDE NEW YORK.
IMMIGRATION ASIAN IMMIGRANTS - CHINESE IMMIGRANTS BEGAN CROSSING THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN HOPES OF GETTING RICH IN THE 1849 GOLD RUSH IN CALIFORNIA. BEFORE 1910 ASIAN IMMIGRANTS WERE STOPPED AT A 2 STORY SHED AT THE WARF, SAN FRANCISCO.
IMMIGRATION AFTER 1910 - ASIAN IMMIGRANTS WERE HELD AT ANGEL ISLAND. MOST IMMIGRANTS WERE YOUNG MALES IN THEIR TEENS AND TWENTIES. ASIAN IMMIGRANTS WERE MOSTLY EXCLUDED FROM SOCIETY IN CALIFORNIA AND WERE FORCED TO OPEN THEIR OWN BUSINESSES.
NATIVISM NATIVISM - IS A PREFERENCE FOR NATIVE BORN PEOPLE AND A DESIRE TO LIMIT IMMIGRATION. IN THE 1840 S AND 1850 S NATIVIST FOCUSED ON IRISH IMMIGRANTS. IN THE 1880 S AND 1890 S THAT FOCUS CHANGED TO ASIAN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS.
NATIVISM AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION - HENRY BOWERS FOUNDED THIS GROUP IN 1887, THEY WERE COMMITTED TO STOPPING CATHOLIC IMMIGRATION. WORKINGMAN S PARTY OF CALIFORNIA - FOUNDED IN 1870 S FOUGHT AGAINST ASIAN IMMIGRATION.
IMMIGRATION LAWS 1882 FEDERAL LAW BANNED - CONVICTS, PAUPERS, AND THE MENTALLY DISABLED FROM ENTERING THE U.S. THIS LAW ALSO PUT A 50 CENT TAX ON EVERY IMMIGRANT COMING INTO THE COUNTRY.
IMMIGRATION LAWS CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT - 1882 BANNED CHINESE IMMIGRANTS FROM ENTERING THE COUNTRY FOR 10 YEARS AND PREVENTED CHINESE ALREADY IN THE COUNTRY FROM BECOMING CITIZENS. EVEN THOUGH CHINESE AMERICANS FOUGHT IT THE ACT WAS RENEWED AGAIN IN 1892 AND MADE PERMANENT IN 1902.
URBAN CLASS STRUCTURE HIGH SOCIETY - PEOPLE WHO LIVED IN THE FASHIONABLE DISTRICTS IN THE HEART OF MAJOR CITIES. ( VERY WEALTHY) $1OO,OOO - MILLIONS MIDDLE CLASS GENTILITY - DOCTORS, LAWYERS, ENGINEERS, MANAGERS, SOCIAL WORKERS, ARCHITECTS, AND TEACHERS. YEARLY SALARY OF $1,100 OR MORE.
URBAN CLASS STRUCTURE THE WORKING CLASS - THIS WAS THE MAJORITY OF AMERICAN CITY DWELLERS. TENEMENTS- DARK AND CROWDED MULTI-FAMILY APARTMENTS. AVERAGE INDUSTRIAL WORKER SALARY $490 A YEAR. TO MAKE ENDS MEET MANY FAMILIES WOULD SEND THEIR YOUNG CHILDREN TO WORK.
SKYSCRAPERS BECAUSE THESE MAJOR CITIES WERE SO OVER POPULATED LAND WAS IN SHORT SUPPLY. SO INSTEAD OF BUILDING OUT THEY HAD TO BUILD UP. SKYSCRAPERS - TALL STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS. HOME INSURANCE BUILDING - CHICAGO WAS FIRST SKYSCRAPER BUILT IN 1885.
POLITICAL MACHINES POLITICAL MACHINE - AN INFORMAL POLITICAL GROUP DESIGNED TO GAIN AND KEEP POWER, CAME ABOUT PARTLY BECAUSE CITIES HAD GROWN MUCH FASTER THAN THEIR GOVERNMENTS. PARTY BOSS - PROVIDED JOBS, HOUSING, FOOD, HEAT, AND POLICE PROTECTION IN EXCHANGE FOR VOTES.
TAMMANY HALL TAMMANY HALL - THE NEW YORK DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL MACHINE. WILLIAM M. BOSS TWEED WAS ITS PARTY BOSS. HE WAS VERY CORRUPT, HE LEAD THE MACHINE FROM 1860-1874. IN 1874 TWEED WAS PUT IN PRISON FOR CORRUPTION.
THE GILDED AGE THE GILDED AGE - NAMED AFTER A NOVEL WROTE BY MARK TWAIN AND CHARLES WARNER. USED TO DESCRIBE FROM 1870-1900. TWAIN AND OTHER WRITERS TRIED TO SHOW THAT EVEN THOUGH THINGS LOOKED GOOD ON THE SURFACE THEY WERE CHEAP AND MADE BY CORRUPTION.
THE GILDED AGE THE GILDED AGE - 1870-1900, THEIR WAS CORRUPTION, POVERTY, CRIME, AND GREAT DISPARITY IN WEALTH BETWEEN THE RICH AND POOR. INDIVIDUALISM - MANY AMERICANS BELIEVED NO MATTER HOW HUMBLE THEIR ORIGINS, THEY COULD RISE IN SOCIETY AND GO AS FAR AS THEIR TALENTS AND COMMITMENT WOULD TAKE THEM.
SOCIAL DARWINISM HERBERT SPENCER - APPLIED CHARLES DARWIN S THEORY OF EVOLUTION AND NATURAL SELECTION TO HUMAN SOCIETY IN 1859. SOCIAL DARWINIST - PEOPLE WHO BELIEVED IN SPENCER S THEORY OF SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST.
GOSPEL OF WEALTH PHILANTHROPY - THE BELIEF THAT RICH AMERICANS HAD THE RESPONSIBILITY TO USE THEIR GREAT FORTUNES TO FURTHER SOCIAL PROGRESS. ANDREW CARNEGIE BELIEVED KNOWLEDGE WAS THE KEY TO GETTING AHEAD IN LIFE. HE GAVE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO BUILD LIBRARIES ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
ART IN THE LATE 1800 S REALISM - ATTEMPTED TO PORTRAY PEOPLE REALISTICALLY INSTEAD OF IDEALIZING THEM AS ROMANTIC ARTISTS HAD DONE. REALIST LITERATURE - THEY WROTE TO CAPTURE THE WORLD AS THEY SAW IT. SOME REALIST WRITERS WERE - WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, HENRY JAMES, AND EDITH WHARTON.
ENTERTAINMENT IN THE LATE 1800 S VAUDEVILLE - STARTING IN 1880 S USED ANIMAL ACTS, ACROBATS, GYMNASTS, AND DANCERS. THESE SHOWS WERE FAST MOVING LIKE THE TEMPO OF THE BIG CITIES. RAGTIME - USED SYNCOPATED RHYTHMS GROWING OUT OF RIVERSIDE HONKY TONKS, SALOON PIANISTS, AND BANJO PLAYERS, USING PATTERNS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN
REFORM DARWINISM LESTER FRANK WARD - HE DISAGREED WITH SPENCER IN THE FACT THAT HUMAN BEING WERE DIFFERENT FROM OTHER ANIMALS BECAUSE OF THEIR ABILITY TO THINK AHEAD. REFORM DARWINISM - STATED THAT PEOPLE DIDN T ADVANCE BECAUSE OF JUST COMPETITION BUT OF THEIR ABILITY TO COOPERATE WITH EACH OTHER.
NATURALISM SOCIAL DARWINISTS AND REALIST - BELIEVED PEOPLE COULD CONTROL THEIR LIVES AND MAKE CHOICES TO IMPROVE THEIR SITUATIONS. NATURALIST - BELIEVED SOME PEOPLE FAILED IN LIFE SIMPLY BECAUSE THEY WERE CAUGHT UP IN CIRCUMSTANCES THEY COULD NOT CONTROL.
SOCIAL GOSPEL NATURALISM GAVE RISE TO THE SOCIAL GOSPEL. SOCIAL GOSPEL HELPING THE URBAN POOR AND TO BETTER CONDITIONS IN CITIES ACCORDING TO BIBLICAL IDEAS OF CHARITY AND JUSTICE. LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE YMCA.
AMERICANIZATION IN 187O - ABOUT 6,500,000 CHILDREN ATTENDED SCHOOL. BY 1900 - OVER 17,300,000 CHILDREN ATTENDED SCHOOL. PUBLIC SCHOOLS WERE VERY IMPORTANT TO IMMIGRANT CHILDREN TO LEARN ABOUT AMERICAN CULTURE.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS AMERICANIZATION - TO ASSIMILATE IMMIGRANTS INTO AMERICAN CULTURE, SCHOOLS TAUGHT, ENGLISH, AMERICAN HISTORY, AND THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENSHIP. THEY ALSO TRIED TO INSTILL DISCIPLINE AND STRONG WORK ETHIC, VALUES CONSIDERED IMPORTANT TO THE NATIONS PROGRESS.