The Triumph of Nationalism Chapter 22 p. 293-306, 306, 311-315 315
I. Nationalism A. Psychology/History of Nationalism 1. Europe is where modern Nationalism started 2. Ex. 3. Most powerful of all the ISM s
4. Elements of Nationalism a. Spiritual Restlessness b. Glamour, excitement, romance of 19 th Cent. c. Need outside help d. Against foreign oppression e. Youth Movement/Civil Strife f. Belongingness
B. What is a Nation what do you think? 1. Geography 2. Race 3. Language 4. Religion 5. Historical Tradition 6. Social Cultures 7. Material Culture
C. Promote Nationalism Guess 1. War 2. Education 3. Sports 4. Media 5. Gov t Policy
II. Italian Unification A. Factors Hindering Unity 1. Pol.. Divisions a. Congress of Vienna b. Kingdom of Sardinia Piedmont c. Lombardy Venetia d. Duchies of Parma, Modena,, Tuscany, Two Sicilies e. Papal States Pope Pius IX
2. Eco. Divisions 3. Opposition of Austria to Unification a. No Nat lism uprisings b. Lombardy and Venetia c. Want Austrian Influence 4. Opposition of Papacy Pope Pius IX 5. Disagreement among Nationalists on gov t type 6. Geography
B. Factors Promoting Nationalism and Unification 1. National Feeling (Risorgimento) a. Napoleon ideals & policies b. Rome/Renaissance/traditions c. Resent of Austria Austria
2. Patriotic Societies a. Carbonari b. Young Italy Giuseppe Mazzini 3. Leadership of Sardina-Piedmont a. House of Savoy 1848 the king b. 1848 led armies against, lost but
C. Leaders of Unification 1. Giuseppe Mazzini Soul 2. Giuseppe Garibaldi Sword of Unif. 3. Count Cavour Brain 4. Victor Emmanuel II Face???
D. Steps to Unification Pair/share - Explain how these bring about unification also explain why the leaders are called what they are called. 1. Crimean War 2. Lombardy from Austria to S-P S P 1859 3. 1860 Parma, Modena,, Tuscany join S-P 4. Two Sicilies 1860 5. Papal States 1860 6. Venetia 1866 7. Rome falls in 1870
E. Problems of Unification 1. Gov t weaknesses a. illiteracy b. Until 1904 Pope banned Cath.. taking office c. Until 1912, no univ. sufferage d. To many Pol.. Parties e. Bribery/Corruption f. High taxes 2. Church Hostility a. Papacy own rule of Vatican state b. Papacy annual indemnity
3. Eco. Conditions a. poor natural resources b. Poor soil c. Immigration to 4. Ambitious Nat lism 5. Cultural divisions 6. Cavour dies
III. Unification of Germany A. Factors Promoting Unity 1. Common nationality Fatherland 2. Napoleon s Influence a. Hate him b. End H.R.E. c. Reduce states 300 to 100 3. Congress of Vienna a. 100 38 b. A. dom. Ger. Confederation
4. Zollverein Ger. Customs union a. No Austria b. Free trade c. Promote Ind. & Eco. Unity d. Uniform wts., measure, coin 5. Prussia leadership a. Abolish Serfdom b. Public Ed. c. Strong military d. Prussians = Ger. e. Citizenship to Jews f. C. of Vienna main 4
B. Factors Hindering Unity 1. Diff. Among Ger. People N vs. S 2. Opposition of Austria 3. Opposition of Lesser States 4. Opposition of France 5. Failure of 1848 Rev. a. many flee to US b. People of Ger respect authority and military
C. Leaders 1. Otto von Bismarck chief min. of Prussia, Junker, reactionary, Blood and Iron, Realpolitik Realpolitik 2. William I King of Prussia, Hohenzollern 3. Helmuth von Moltke Prussian Gen., Chief of Staff
D. Steps in German Unification 1. 1862 Prussian military machine a. Parl. NO b. Bismarck realpolitik 2. Eliminate Austrian influence a. Danish War 1864 Schleswig & Holstein joint governed b. Sets up Austria 3. Austria Prussian War (7 weeks War) 1866 a. Blood and Iron diplomacy??? b. Prussian War Machine c. Austria out of Ger. Confed.
3. Est. North Ger. Confed.. 1867 a. Annex N. Ger. States b. Only 4 S. left 4. Franco Prussian War 1870 71 71 a. Motive gain S. Ger. States gain Alsace and Lorraine b. Ems dispatch B & I c. Quick War d. Treaty of Frankfurt e. Wm. I crowned Kaiser Jan. 18, 1871 2 nd Reich
E. German Empire: Undemocratic Gov t 1. Autocracy a. Kaiser b. Prime Minister c. Two Houses Bundesrat Reichstag 2. Prussian Domination 3. New Const. Suffrage, but
G. German Empire Under Bismarck 1871 90 1. To promote unity 2. Militarism 3. Encouragement of Ind. Tariffs, imperialism 4. Persecution of subject nationalities 5. Catholics a. Center party b. Kulturkampf 6. Socialists a. They want b. Bismarck felt c. repression d. Steal Thunder
7. Diplomat Triple Alliance, Russia H. Wm. II 1. Bismarck out 2. Problems 3. Accelerates Mil. & Imp. 4. End Child Labor
V. Nationalism in Eastern Europe A. Austrian empire 1. Dominant Nationality Austrian 2. Control all under Franz Joseph B. Subject nationalities p. 312 1. Hungarians (Magyars) 2. Italians 3. Romanians 4. Slavic peoples C. Weakening Empire 1. 1848 Revolts a. Why? b. Results
2. Lost 2 Wars a. 1859 to Sardinia and Fr. b. 1866 to Prussia 3. Attempts to keep control D. Dual Monarchy 1. Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary a. Share 2. More discontent from 3. 1878 Serbia created 4. Slavs in Romania, Italy upset
E. Ottoman Empire Sick Man of Europe 1. Reasons a. Autocracy b. Corruption c. Inefficiency d. Discrimination e. Cruelty f. Agri.. down Turkey: "Will You Not Still Befriend Me?" Britannia: "Befriend You? Not With Your Hands in That Colour!" September 9, 1876 Punch Magazine
F. Decline of O. Emp.. (Turkish Empire) explain who, what, results 1. Greek Rev. (1821 29) 29) 2. Crimean War (1853 56) 3. Russo Turkish War (1877 78) 78) 4. Congress of Berlin 1878 5. Balkan Wars (1912 13) Russo Turkish War 'Into the Jaws of Death' Thanksgiving European Style The Powers Prepare to 'Divide the Turkey'
6. Further loses a. Fr. takes Tunisia b. Italy takes Tripoli c. Greece takes Crete 7. Young Turks -
VI. Nationalism: A Force of Good and Evil A. Democracy B. Dictatorship C. Imperialism D. National Unification E. Empire Disruption