Unit Portfolio: DBQ-Political Cartoons 15. What is happening in this cartoon? 16. What point is the cartoonist trying to make?
Unit 2: Age of Reason Lesson 3: Enlightenment Textbook Correlation: Chapter 4 Lesson 2
Standards 7-2.3 Analyze the Enlightenment ideas of John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire that challenged absolutism and influenced the development of limited government.
Essential Questions What was the Enlightenment? What ideals emerged from the Enlightenment? What were their effects?
Key Vocabulary Enlightenment Social Contract State of Nature Natural Rights Popular Sovereignty Totalitarianism
New Ways of Thinking Scientific Revolution Spread beyond science Europeans questioned ideas about society and government Enlightenment Intellectual movement which sought to apply reason to society, economics, and politics Challenged absolutism Led to development of limited government
Ideas About Government Used to examine and classify governments State of Nature: human existence before social and political organization used to explain how governments were formed Social Contract: Idea that governments were created as an agreement between the rulers and the ruled for mutual benefit
Thomas Hobbes English Philosopher State of Nature Man is inherently bad Man s state of nature is chaotic and violent life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" Social Contract Humans give up freedom to maintain order Strong leaders needed
John Locke English Philosopher State of Nature Man is inherently good Believed all people have Natural Rights: rights everyone is born with Life, Liberty, and Property Social Contract Governments exist to protect natural rights People have a right to replace a government that fails to do so
Locke s Ideas Consent of the Governed Government has power only with approval from the people of the people, for the people, and by the people Thomas Jefferson Wrote the Declaration of Independence Strongly influenced by Locke s ideas End Day 1: Wednesday
Unit Portfolio: Hobbes vs. Locke 17. Which philosopher would most likely support a democracy? 18. Which philosopher would most likely support an absolute monarchy?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau French Philosophe State of Nature Believed modern society ruined the state of nature Social Contract Governments exist to protect the General Will of the people Government should base decisions on majority rule
Rousseau s Ideas Believed all people are equal wanted to ban the nobility Popular Sovereignty: authority of the government is created by the consent of the majority of its people basis of Democracy "In free governments, the rulers are the servants and the people their superiors and sovereigns. Benjamin Franklin
The Problem with Popular Sovereignty Sometimes the majority is wrong Can lead to totalitarianism: government that seeks to control every aspect of the citizen s lives
Baron de Montesquieu French Philosophe Liked Britain s government system Limits to Government Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Greatly influenced the U.S. Constitution Power should be a check to power
Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it French Philosophe Focused on human rights -Freedom of Speech -Freedom of Religion Separation of Church and State Influenced 1 st Amendment Wrote many books and plays about his ideas Imprisoned twice for his views
Unit Portfolio: Check on Learning Which Enlightenment Philosopher expressed the following principles? 19. Separation of Powers 20. General Will 21. Freedom of Speech and Religion 22. Consent of the Governed End Day 2: Thursday