December 1 New York State Law: Marijuana: In New York State, it is illegal to smoke or possess marijuana. 1 Smoking or possessing a small amount of marijuana in public is a class B misdemeanor, which is punishable by up to three months in jail. Private possession of marijuana is a violation, which is punishable by up to 15 days in jail or a fine. (See Appendix A for statute.) Low level offenses, such as smoking or possessing marijuana, are generally classified as misdemeanors or violations. Most low level offenses result in either a civil or criminal summons, which are tickets to return to court at a later date, but some result in an arrest. Failure to appear in court after a criminal summons or an arrest can result in a warrant. There is no warrant associated with civil offenses. Marijuana in NYC are Down: Over the past five years, NYC has lightened the touch of marijuana enforcement through policy changes. Marijuana enforcement has declined as crime in NYC has also declined. Marijuana arrests are down by approximately 57% since last year. Marijuana Possession and Summonses and Major Crime 3 13-1 YTD K MAJOR CRIME MARIJUANA ARRESTS MARIJUANA SUMMONSES K 1,335,5 7K 4K 4K,17 13,31 13 14 15 1 17,51 7,34 1 YTD Marijuana by Administration Guiliani K Bloomberg de Blasio 4K 51,344 51,51 3K 4K K 1 14 1 YTD 7,34 Average annual arrests for marijuana are down by approximately 5% since 13. Mayor Koch 5.5 Marijuana per Year Giuliani 4, +,575 % Bloomberg 3,31 +5 % Change in Annual from Previous Administration de Blasio 1,5-5 % Sources: NYPD through /3/1, MOCJ Analysis of 1 Computerized Criminal History data (through /3) provided by DCJS. See Appendix B. 1 Under the Compassionate Care Act in New York State, there is an exception for the use of medical marijuana. Includes arrests for PL 1.1 1 (criminal possession of marihuana in the 5th degree) and summonses issued for PL 1.5 (unlawful possession of marihuana). Unless otherwise noted, marijuana arrests refer to PL 1.1 1. See Appendix A. 3 Major crime includes murder, rape, robbery, felony assault, burglary, grand larceny, and grand larceny auto. 1
Marijuana Possession are Down Due to Recent Policy Changes: 1. Change in Public Possession Enforcement: In November of 14, the NYPD changed its policy to issue criminal summonses instead of arresting for possession of marijuana in open view, with some exceptions. That policy led to a 37% decline in arrests from 14 to 15.. Change in Public Consumption Enforcement: In May of 1, at the Mayor s request, the Police Commissioner convened a 3-day working group to determine a new policy for marijuana enforcement in the city. That group recommended issuing criminal summonses instead of making arrests for marijuana consumption in public. The NYPD changed its policy to issue criminal summonses for marijuana consumption in public with some exceptions. Despite the fact that the policy did not go into effect until September 1, 1, marijuana arrests declined immediately after the policy was announced in June 1. Since the NYPD changed its policy for public consumption enforcement, marijuana arrests (PL 1) 4 are down (%), and criminal summonses for marijuana are also down (3%). In November, criminal summonses for marijuana dropped by 31% compared to 17 (from 1,5 in 17 to 74 in 1). Weekly Marijuana (PL 1) 5 3 Day Task Force Policy Announced First Full Week of New Policy 17 ARRESTS 1 ARRESTS 4 3 5 1 1 January February March April May June July August September October November December Monthly Marijuana Summons Issuance 17 SUMMONSES 1 SUMMONSES 1,7 15 1,5 14 1,4 74 5 January February March April May June July August September October November In 1, there have been approximately 1, arrests for misdemeanor marijuana offenses (PL 1). Marijuana arrests are the fourth most common misdemeanor arrest charge. They make up ~% of all misdemeanor arrests. Offense 1 Rank 13 Rank Total Assault (PL ) 1 ~7,4 5 % Petit Larceny (PL 155) 4 ~17,4 1 % Possession of Controlled Substance (PL ) 3 5 ~,1 1 % Marijuana Offenses (PL 1) 4 3 ~, % Percent of Misdemeanor Other Theft (Incl. Fare Evasion) (PL 15) 5 1 ~,4 % Sources: NYPD through /3/1. See Appendix B; MOCJ Analysis of 1 Computerized Criminal History data (through /3) provided by DCJS. 4 PL 1 includes all marijuana offenses (including sale and felony possession). Approximately 75% of arrests in this law section are for misdemeanor possession (PL 1.1 1).
Who is Arrested for Marijuana? Age Race 4 % 4 and under % 55+ 5 % 45-54 % 35-44 5 % Black 3 % 5-34 7 % White 4 % Other 3 % Latinx Sex Prior Convictions % Male % Female 77 % No Prior Convictions 3 % Prior Convictions Race: In 13, approximately % of marijuana possession arrests were of Black or Latinx people. That number in 1 is %. This disparity has persisted despite declines in arrests and despite evidence that rates of marijuana use are roughly the same for White and Black people. 5 In the first six months of 1, 7% of criminal summonses for marijuana possession were issued to Black or Latinx people. Enforcement Type Percent Black or Latinx 13 14 15 1 17 1 Marijuana Convictions 4 % 5 % 5 % 5 % 3 % n/a Marijuana 7 % % % % 7 % % Marijuana Summonses n/a n/a n/a n/a 7 % 7 % This arrest disparity is larger than disparities for other misdemeanor arrests, felony arrests, and admissions to jail. Race DOC Admissions All Felony Misdemeanor Marijuana % Black & Latinx 4 % % 4 % % % Note: All percentages for 1 Sources: MOCJ Analysis of 1 Computerized Criminal History data (through /3) provided by DCJS. See Appendix B; NYPD Summons Data (through /3/1). 5 SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 15 and 1. Prior to 17, race data was not collected on summons forms. 3
Neighborhoods: Before and after the policy changes, many of the neighborhoods with the highest levels of marijuana enforcement remained the same. These neighborhoods tend to have higher numbers of Black and Latinx residents. Neighborhood Arrest Rank 1 YTD 17 South Bronx 1 Bedford Park 15 Kensington 3 Soundview 4 4 Morris Heights 5 East Harlem 3 Fordham 7 37 Brownsville 13 Coney Island University Heights 1 4 Note: PL 1, Out of 77 Precincts. Neighborhood Summons Rank 1 YTD 17 Queens Village 1 1 Woodside Eastchester 3 4 East New York 4 3 Kensington 5 7 University Heights 17 Morris Heights 7 Gramercy St. George Schuylerville 1 Note: PL 1, Out of 77 Precincts. Neighborhoods with high arrest volume also tend to have high poverty rates. Six of the precincts with the highest poverty rates are also in the top 1 for marijuana arrest volume. Neighborhood Marijuana Arrest Volume Rank South Bronx 1 Bedford Park 1 Kensington 3 3 Soundview 4 1 Morris Heights 5 7 East Harlem 13 Poverty Rate Rank Fordham 7 1 Brownsville Coney Island 4 University Heights 1 4 Age: Most marijuana arrests are of young people, with % of arrestees under the age of 5 and 1% under the age of 35. Summonses are issued to a slightly older population, a quarter of whom are over 45. Age Percents of Percents of Summonses 4 & Under % 7 % 5-44 5 % 5 % 45+ % 4 % Sources: NYPD (through /3/1); MOCJ Analysis of 1 Computerized Criminal History data (through /3) provided by DCJS, NYPD (through /3/1). 4
Criminal conviction history: Most people arrested for marijuana have no prior convictions. As enforcement has declined, the proportion of arrested people with no criminal history has increased. Year Marijuana Possession No Prior Convictions Prior Convictions Percent with No Prior Convictions 13 1,531,47 % 14 1,3 7,4 71 % 15,7 4,3 73 % 1 13, 4,35 75 % 17 13,74 3,375 % What Happens to People Who Get Arrested for Marijuana? Marijuana arrests rarely result in jail time: Since October 1st, 1, there have been people detained in a city jail on misdemeanor marijuana possession charges (PL 1.1 1). Sometimes the cause for that detention is a warrant or hold on another case. On any given day in 1, there has been one person in DOC custody for a misdemeanor marijuana possession charge.7 Any arrest, even one that does not result in any jail time, is very disruptive and subsequent convictions can have implications for, among other things, immigration, housing, employment, or financial aid. Monthly Admissions to DOC for Marijuana Possession 5 4 33 3 1 1 14 15 1 17 1 Sources: MOCJ Analysis of 1 Computerized Criminal History data (through /3) provided by DCJS; DOC (through Nov. 1). See Appendix B. 7 Includes only individuals with a top charge of PL 1.1 1 5
Annual convictions: In 17, 7% of those convicted for marijuana were first time offenders; 3% had a criminal history. Year Convicted to Marijuana Possession Charge No Prior Convictions Prior Convictions Percent with No Prior Convictions 514 5,15 % 51 5,75 % 1 41 5,1 7 % 414 4,73 7 % 375 4,1 % 13 35,771 7 % 14 17,11 % 15 17 1,7 % 1 5 1,1 7 % 17 5 7 % Individuals who are convicted of misdemeanor marijuana possession charges have criminal histories that include mostly misdemeanor convictions. Few have prior felony convictions or prior violent felony convictions. Criminal Histories for Individuals Convicted on a Misdemeanor Marijuana Possession Charge in 17 Number of Prior Misdemeanor Convictions Number of Prior Felony Convictions Number of Prior Violent Felony Convictions + 3 % -1 3 % % 1-1 % 3-5 3 % 1-4 % 3-5 -1 % % 3 % 75 % 1-4 % 3-5 1 % Warrants: People who do not show up to court are issued a warrant and could be arrested if they come into contact with law enforcement. 35% of criminal summonses for marijuana result in a warrant, and there are currently 1,5 outstanding summons warrants for marijuana, most from the last 1 years. Sources: MOCJ Analysis of 1 Computerized Criminal History data (through /3) provided by DCJS; DOC (through Nov. 1). See Appendix B.
APPENDIX A 1.5 Unlawful possession of marihuana. A person is guilty of unlawful possession of marihuana when he knowingly and unlawfully possesses marihuana. Unlawful possession of marihuana is a violation punishable only by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars. However, where the defendant has previously been convicted of an offense defined in this article or article of this chapter, committed within the three years immediately preceding such violation, it shall be punishable (a) only by a fine of not more than two hundred dollars, if the defendant was previously convicted of one such offense committed during such period, and (b) by a fine of not more than two hundred fifty dollars or a term of imprisonment not in excess of fifteen days or both, if the defendant was previously convicted of two such offenses committed during such period. 1.1 Criminal possession of marihuana in the fifth degree. A person is guilty of criminal possession of marihuana in the fifth degree when he knowingly and unlawfully possesses: 1. marihuana in a public place, as defined in section 4. of this chapter, and such marihuana is burning or open to public view; or. one or more preparations, compounds, mixtures or substances containing marihuana and the preparations, compounds, mixtures or substances are of an aggregate weight of more than twenty-five grams. Criminal possession of marihuana in the fifth degree is a class B misdemeanor. APPENDIX B for all PL 1 Offenses Week Ending Date 17 1 Week Ending Date 17 1 7-Jan 14-Jan 1-Jan -Jan 4-Feb -Feb 1-Feb 5-Feb 4-Mar -Mar 1-Mar 5-Mar 1-Apr -Apr 15-Apr -Apr -Apr -May 13-May -May 7-May 3-Jun 1-Jun 17-Jun 4-Jun 1-Jul 34 34 31 3 33 35 37 55 344 341 3 43 3 34 374 3 314 3 335 3 35 34 353 1 3 34 34 4 33 7 54 11 51 13 1 44 1 5 1 3 7 7 135 -Jul 15-Jul -Jul -Jul 5-Aug -Aug 1-Aug -Aug -Sep -Sep 1-Sep 3-Sep 3-Sep 7-Oct 14-Oct 1-Oct -Oct 4-Nov -Nov 1-Nov 5-Nov -Dec -Dec 1-Dec 3-Dec 3-Dec 34 33 33 34 33 35 315 31 3 34 4 71 34 337 3 3 3 1 5 75 5 3 1 1 3 53 5 3 1 1 3 5 31 1 15 13 Criminal Summons Issuance for Marijuana Possession (PL 1.5) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 17 Summonses 1,7 1,57 1,1,4 1, 1,55,1 1,1 1,73 1,1 1,4 1 Summonses 1,4 1,154 1,14 7 7 1,37 1,1 1, 3 Sources: NYPD 7
APPENDIX B Misdemeanor Marijuana Possession (PL 1.1) Year 1 11 1 13 14 15 1 17 1 1 1 3 4 5 7 1 13 14 15 1 17 1 YTD 7 7 1,3 3,4 5,5,47 1, 3, 33,73 51,344 41,5 44, 3,35,4, 3, 3,47 4,7 4,5 5,57 51,51 3,5,17 5,7 15,33 17,33 17,1 7,34 Demographics for Misdemeanor Marijuana Possession (PL 1.1) Age 4 and Under 5-34 35-44 45-54 55+ Race White Black Hispanic Other Sex Male Female Prior Convictions 3,4,35 3 137 514 3,41,5 15,7,34 Prior Convictions No Prior Convictions 3,75 13,4 Note: 13-1 YTD include just PL 1.1 1 Criminal Histories for Individuals Convicted on a Misdemeanor Marijuana Possession Charge in 17 Number of Prior Misdemeanor Convictions Admissions to DOC on a Top Charge of PL 1.1.1 Month 14 15 1 17 1 None 1 to 3 to 5 to 1 + % 1 % 3 % 3 % % 5 4 13 1 7 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 33 3 4 3 3 7 3 5 7 1 14 1 14 1 15 1 14 14 1 7 13 1 7 1 5 7 5 4 4 Number of Prior Felony Convictions None 1 to 3 to 5 to 1 None 1 to 3 to 5 3 % 4 % % % 75 % 4 % 1 % 5 3 144 1 Number of Prior Violent Felony Convictions 55 17 Sources: MOCJ Analysis of 1 Computerized Criminal History data (through /3) provided by DCJS; DCJS, DOC
APPENDIX C SEALING STATUTES OVERVIEW: CPL 1.5: Allows the court or the defendant to make an application to seal convictions for up to 3 eligible misdemeanors - DA s Offices are provided minimum 3 day notice to comment to the court on the application There are four categories the court can consider when sealing a conviction: 1. The circumstances and seriousness of the offense or offenses that resulted in the conviction or conviction;. The character of the defendant, including his or her completion of the judicially sanctioned treatment program as described in subdivision one of this section; 3. The defendant s criminal history; and 4. The impact of sealing the defendant s records upon his or her rehabilitation and his or successful and production re-entry and reintegration into society and on public safety CPL 1.5: Allows people who have been convicted in no more than two cases (only one of which can be a felony) to apply to seal certain convictions, if: - One or none of the cases were felonies and it has been at least 1 years since sentencing or release Convictions for the following crimes are not eligible to be sealed: Sex offense defined in Penal Law Article 13 Offense requiring registration as a sex offender Sexual performance by a child defined in Penal Law Article 3 Class A felony Violent felony defined in Penal Law 7. Felony conspiracy to commit an ineligible offense Felony attempt to commit an ineligible offense CURRENT SEALING APPLICATION METHODS: OCA provides an online application process on their website: nycourts.gov/forms/cpl_1.5_sealing_application/index.shtml Individuals can contact their previous attorneys