SUGGESTED REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS, ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Dr. Gates' interests and observations extended beyond the area of plant sciences. He was an ardent ornithologist and taught the subject as a student at the University of Illinois. For thirty-six years he kept an accurate record of birds seen in the yard about his home in Manhattan, Kansas, including also a record of what the bird was doing and what it ate. From his earliest association with the Biological Station he kept detailed meteorological records, as he did also at his home in Manhattan, plotting temperature and barometric pressure readings on graphs. In very recent years he learned Russian and Spanish in order to read scientific literature. He had earlier learned German, French, and Latin. He was a member of the Ecological Society of America and served as president in 1951-52. In addition, he was a member of the AAAS, the Botanical Society of America, the Society of Plant Taxonomists, and the State Academies of Illinois, Kansas, and Michigan. New Orleans, Louisiana Committee on Resolutions: April 23, 1955 W. G. Moore, A. J. Sharp, W. A. Eggler, Chairman WARDER CLYDE ALLEE 1885-1955 The death of Dr. W. C. Allee also occurred in March, but at press time it had not been possible for the Committee on Resolutions to assemble all the information they needed for the necrology. We may expect a resolution of respect in the next issue of the BULLETIN. SUGGESTED REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS, ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Constitution Article 1. NAME. The name of this Society shall be The Ecological Society of America. Article 2. PURPOSE. The object of this Society shall be to promote the scientific study of organisms in relation to their environment, both as individuals and as members of populations and communities, and to facilitate the exchange of ideas among those interested in ecology, Article 3. MEMBERSHIP. Membership in this Society shall consist of persons and organizations interested in ecology and in the promotion of ecological research. The following classes of members shall be recognized: associate members, active members, sustaining members, and life members. Change of status of membership may be effected at any time by the payment of appropriate dues. A candidate for membership may be recommended by any two members to the Secretary, and may be elected by the Council at any time. Active, sustaining, and life members only are entitled to vote at meetings of the Society and in ballots by mail. An organization which is a member in one of these categories is entitled to designate a representative who may cast a single vote in its behalf. Article 4. DUES. Annual dues for associate members shall be $2.00, for active members $7.50, and for sustaining members $12.50. Any member who has been an active or sustaining member for a total of thirty years or more and who is retired shall upon request be accorded the privileges of active membership status without further payment of dues and shall be conisidered a life member. Article 5. OFFICERS AND ELECTIONS. The officers shall be a Presi- -58-

dent and a Vice-President, each elected for a term of one year; a Secretary and a Treasurer, each elected for a term of three years; and a Business Manager, elected for a term of three years. These officers shall be elected by majority vote of the members at the annual meeting of the Society. A slate of candidates shall be prepared by a Nominating Committee appointed by the President and shall be published in the BULLETIN preceding the meeting, Other nominations may be made from the floor. The President and Secretary shall be elected one year before taking office and as Presidentelect and Secretary-elect shall serve as members of the Council. The official terms of the officers shall commence with the close of the annual meeting and shall continue until their successors assume office. Active, sustaining, and life members only are eligible to hold office in the Society. If, for any reason, the President shall he unable to carry out the duties of his office, he shall be succeeded by the Vice-President for the remainder of his term. Vacancies in the other offices may be filled until the next election by vote of the Executive Committee. If the annual meeting of the Society cannot be held within the lapse of two years, the Executive Committee shall provide for the election of officers by mail ballot at the termination of that period, and the terms of all officers shall be extended until the outcome of the election is announced. Article 6. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The Executive Committee shall consist of the President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Business Manager. The President shall he the chairman of the Executive Committee. The duties of the Executive Committee shall be to conduct the affairs of the Society in the interim between annual meetings. In interim government, all powers not delegated by the Council to committees or to specified officers shall be considered as delegated to the Executive Committee acting as a body and reaching its decisions by majority vote, except as these powers may be specifically restricted by the Council. It may not modify or rescind instructions from the Council or from the membership as decided by vote in a regular meeting. It shall make an annual report to the Council. Article 7. COUNCIL. The Council shall consist of the President; President-elect; Vice-President; Secretary; Secretary-elect; Treasurer; Business Manager; the editors of ECOLOGY and of ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS; representati1 es to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Institute of Biological Sciences, and the National Research Council; chairmen of the following committees: the Committee on Finance, the Publications Committee, the Committee on Coordination, and the Membership Committee; a representative of each Section; and two members at large. The retiring President, Secretary, and Treasurer shall also be members of the Council during the year following their retirement. A simple majority shall constitute a quorum. The members at large shall be elected by the Society for a term of two years. They shall be elected so as to secure an equitable representation in the Council as a whole of the geographical distribution of its membership and of their interests in the various aspects of ecology, They shall in general be elected from among the younger age-groups in the Society. The President shall be chairman of the Council and shall preside at the meetings, or in his absence the Vice-President, and if no such person be present, then the Council shall elect a chairman from among those present. The Council shall be the governing body of the Society. It shall he responsible for matters of policy and procedure. It shall have jurisdiction over finances and publications. It shall meet prior to the annual business meet- -59-

ing. It shall consider proposals from any member of the Society. It shall receive and act on reports from the Committees of the Society. It shall receive and act on the annual budget prepared by the Finance Committee. It shall elect new members to the Society. It shall fix the time and place of the annual meeting. Between annual meetings the Council may vote by mail ballot. On request of a majority of the Executive Committee, the Secretary shall send to each member of the Council pertinent information about matters of concern. A majority of the whole Council membership shall be required for the passage of any act by mail ballot. The Council shall report annually to the membership in printed form; (a) the result of the past year's operation, (b) the present financial position of the Society, (c) the budget for the next fiscal year, (d) other matters of concern to the Society. The report of the Treasurer for the past fiscal year shall be presented to the Council, together with the report of the Auditor. The Council shall approve or correct this report and shall authorize its transmission to the annual meeting of the Society. The Council shall fix the portion of the dues to be devoted to the expense of publication, provided that the amount assigned to ECOLOGY shall be not less than $4.00 from each active and from each sustaining member, and the amount assigned to ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS shall be not less than $6.00 from each sustaining member. The Council, or between meetings the Executive Committee, shall authorize the appointment of such special committees as may be deemed needed to conduct the work of the Society. Each such special committee shall present a report to the Council at its next annual meeting, at which time the committee shall be discontinued unless reappointed by the Council. Article 8. MEETINGS. The Society shall hold at least one regularly scheduled meeting each year except in an emergency as decided by a three fourths majority of the Council. The Council shall report to the membership at the annual meeting. The annual election of officers shall take place at the annual meeting. Any member may offer a resolution to be moved, seconded, amended, debated and voted upon at the annual meeting. If the resolution shall amount to an amendment to the Constitution, or is in apparent violation of the Constitution and Bylaws or one of them, and thus affects the government of the Society, action must be postponed until the resolution has been published in BULLETIN or otherwise distributed to the membership at least 60 days before the date of the meeting. Article 9. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of the Society shall be ECOLOGY, ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, the BULLETIN, and such other publication as the Council may authorize. ECOLOGY shall be managed by an Editorial Board, consisting of two Editors, one Review Editor, and not less than eighteen Associate Editors. The Editors shall serve for overlapping terms of five years, and the Review Editor for three years, and they shall be elected by the Society at the same time and in the same manner as the other officers. The Associate Editors shall serve for overlapping terms of three years and shall be elected on nomination made after consultation with the Editors. ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS shall be managed by an Editorial Board consisting of two Editors and six Associate Editors. The Editors shall serve for overlapping terms of five years and shall be elected at the same time and in the same manner as the other officers. The Associate Editors shall serve for overlapping terms of three years and shall be elected -60-

on nominations made after consultation with the Editors. Active members not in arrears and life members shall receive, as issued, ECOLOGY, the BUL LET! N, and such other publications as may be designated by the Council. Sustaining members not in arrears and sustaining life members shall receive, as issued, ECOLOGY and ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, the BULLETIN, and such other publications as may be designated by the Council. Associate members shall not receive the journals ECOLOGY and ECOLOGICAL MONO GRAPHS, but shall receive the BULLETIN and such other publications as may be designated by the Council. The Editors of ECOLOGY shall be ex officio members of the Editorial Board of ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS, and the Editors of the latter journal shall be ex officio members of the Editorial Board of ECOLOGY. Article 10. SECTIONS. Sections may be organized to promote the various special interests of the Society. Each Section must be approved by vote of the Council and of the Society. The secretary of each Section shall serve as the representative of that Section on the Council. Each Section shall also be represented on the Editorial Board of ECOLOGY by at least one designated Associate Editor. Each Section shall itself elect its own officers. Each Section must present a written report on its activities to the Council at its annual meeting. If any constitution or bylaws be established by the Section, they shall be subject to approval by the Council of the Society. A Section may be discontinued by action of the Council. Article 11. BYLAWS. The Society may enact bylaws which interpret and implement this constitution. Such bylaws may be adopted, amended, or repealed by a two-thirds majority of those voting at any annual meeting of the Society, or by two-thirds of those voting in a mail ballot provided that in either case notice of the proposed action shall have been sent to each voting member of the Society at least sixty days before the date of the vote. Article 12. AMENDMENTS. This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds majority of those voting, either at an annual meeting of the Society, or in a mail ballot, provided that in either case notice of the proposed action shall have been sent to each voting member of the Society at least sixty days before the date of the vote. Bylaws 1. QUORUM. Twenty-five members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the annual meeting of the Society. Five Council members shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of the Council. 2. INCORPORATION. The Society shall be and was incorporated as a non-stock, non-profit organization in the State of Wisconsin, December 20. 1927. 3. THE SECRETARY. The Secretary shall publish the BULLETIN of the Society as a quarterly periodical, including announcements and programs of meetings, announcements of field trips and other material of interest to the members. The Secretary shall record the proceedings of the Society and of the Council and publish them annually in the BULLETIN. He shall report annually to the Council. He shall keep on file a copy of the Articles of Incorporation and shall comply with their requirements for good standing. He shall conduct all authorized mail ballots. Whenever the proper officers of related Societies shall hold a conference covering matters of mutual interest, the Secretary shall act as one of the representatives of the Society. He shall be reimbursed out of the funds of the Society for necessary expenses incurred in attending the annual meeting of the Society. He is authorized to make such purchases and to employ -61-

such assistance in his own office as will, in his judgment, expedite the business of the Society, within the limits of his budget. The Secretary shall be elected for a three-year term and shall be eligible for re-election. 4. THE TREASURER. The Treasurer shall be in charge of the funds and keep the financial records of the Society. On requisition signed by the appropriate officers or committee chairmen, he is authorized to make necessary disbursements, within the limits set by the budget. He shall preserve a receipted bill, or bill and cancelled check, for each payment. He is authorized to make such purchases and to employ such assistance in his own office as will, in his judgment, expedite the business of the Society, within the limits set by the budget. He shall be reimbursed out of the funds of the Society for necessary transportation expense incurred in attending the annual meeting. At the annual meeting of the Council he shall present a statement as of June 30 of the funds of the Society, audited by a Certified Public Accountant or by a committee of two appointed by the President. He shall maintain the official membership list of the Society. The Treasurer shall be elected for a three-year term and shall be eligible for re-election. 5. THE BUSINESS MANAGER. The Business Manager shall be responsible for the financial aspects of publication of ECOLOGY. He shall negotiate printing contracts for the year ahead and advise the Council as to how much can be published in terms of the bids for printing and the revenues allotted to him for the purpose. He shall report annually to the Council. He shall be elected by the Society for a term of five years and shall be eligible for re-election. 6. THE PRESIDENT. The President shall preside at meetings of the Council, of the Executive Committee, and of the Membership. He shall deliver an address to the Membership at the annual meeting the year following his term as President, and do such other things as the Council may from time to time, by agreement with the individual then president, prescribe. He shall serve for one year and shall not be eligible for re-election. 7. THE VICE-PRESIDENT. In case of illness, incapacitation, death or absence of the President, the Vice-President shall assume all duties incumbent on the President. In event of the President's death, the Vice-President shall automatically become President. He shall serve for one year and shall not be eligible for re-election. 8. BUDGET. Prior to the end of the fiscal year, an annual budget shall he prepared by the Finance Committee in consultation with the President and Secretary, and it shall be submitted to the Council for action in advance of the annual business meeting of the Society or not later than September 30. No financial obligation against the Society may be contracted by any officer or member except as specified in the annual budget or as provided for by special action of the Council. 9. COMMITTEES. The Society shall maintain the following committees. They shall be provided with such needed financial support, to be designated in the budget, as the funds of the Society may warrant. A. The Finance Committee shall consist of the Treasurer, Business Manager, and a chairman elected by the Society for a term of five years. It shall prepare the annual budget for submission to the Council and shall advise the Council in all matters affecting the finances of the Society, including the deposit and investment of funds, endowments, and long-term financial policies. B. The Committee on Coordination shall advise the Council on all matters affecting the relations of the Society to other organizations and also on matters affecting the internal organization of the Society. It -62-

shall consider the diverse interests represented by the members of the Society and shall from time to time make recommendations for stimulating communication between them and for promoting the unity of ecology as a broad field, always with due consideration to the welfare of the whole Society. The chairman shall be elected by the Society for a term of four years. The other members of the Committee shall be appointed annually by the President on nomination of the Chairman. C. The Committee on Publications shall be composed of the Secretary and the Business Manager and four other members who shall serve for four years, being elected by the Society, one each year from among the former members of the Editorial Boards of ECOLOGY and ECOLOG ICAL MONOGRAPHS. This committee shall advise the Council and the Society on all matters affecting publications. The chairman shall be elected by the Council and shall serve until his term on the committee is completed. D. The Committee on Membership shall be responsible for the Society's effort to increase or maintain the membership. The chairman shall be elected by the Society for a term of three years. The other members of the committee shall be appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Chairman. E. The Committee on Historical Records shall be composed of the Librarian of the University of Cincinnati, a chairman elected by the Council for a term of three years, and other members appointed by the President with the approval of the Chairman. Its duties shall be to supervise the collection and preservation of the records which shall be deposited in the University of Cincinnati Library. These records shall include complete sets of the periodicals, important documents, and appropriate memorabilia. F. The Committee on Meetings shall be responsible for arranging the programs at the annual meeting and be ready to serve in an advisory capacity for meetings at other times and places. It shall be composed of a chairman, the Secretary of the Society, a representative of each Section, and four other members appointed annually by the President upon recommendation of the Chairman. The Chairman shall serve a term of three years and shall be elected by the Council. G. The Committee on Applied Ecology shall consist of a chairman and two or more other members. Its duty shall be to cooperate with governmental and other agencies in matters where basic ecological principles may assist in the solving of ecological problems. The Chairman of this committee shall be elected by the Council for a term of three years. All other members of the committee shall be appointed by the President with the approval of the Chairman. H. Special Committees may be authorized by the Council or by the Executive Committee. Such committees shall be appointed by the President for one year terms. The Council shall review the need for each committee annually and may authorize its continuance. Reports of Special Committees shall be printed in the BULLETIN in full or in abstract, unless otherwise stipulated by the Council. 10. SECTIONS. Any group of ten or more members may petition for the establishment of a special section. The petition shall specify the proposed general scope of the section and its proposed plan of organization. Each section may arrange meetings, either in connection with meetings of the whole Society or separately, may arrange field trips, and may otherwise conduct its own affairs, so long as it does not encroach on the activities of the other -63-

sections. A eontribution toward its neeessary expenses may, on request from a section, be included in the annual budget of the Society. A section may also accept voluntary contributions from its own members or others, but may not levy special dues, except by permission of the Council. 11. THE WESTERN SECTION. The Western Section of the Society shall include those memb rs residing west of the eastern boundary of the State of Colorado, and others who wish to be so recorded. Its purpose shall be to further the aims and interests of the Society in the western states. Management of this Section shall be vested in a chairman, vice-chairman, and secretary, whose duties, terms of office, and manner of election shall be determined by the Western Section. The Secretary of the Society shall furnish the Secretary of the Section, upon request. with the names and ad dresses of members of the Society residing within the territory of the Section. Necessary clerical and incidental expenses of the Western Section shall be paid from the treasury of the Society up to the amount allotted in the annual budget. The Section's constitution and bylaws and future amendments thereto shall be subject to approval of the Council of the Society. Programs and abstracts of its meetings shall be published in the BULLETIN. 12. A.A.A.S. COUNCIL. Two representatives of the Society to the Council of the American Association for the Advancement of Science shall be elected by the Society. They shall serve four-year terms, starting January 1st, and they shall be Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 13. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. There shall be a representative of the Society on the National Research Council who shall be elected by the Society for a term of four years. 14. A.I.B.S. There shall be a representative of the Society to the American Institute of Biological Sciences who shall be elected by the Society for a term of four years. 15. NATURAL RESOURCES COUNCIL. There shall be a representative of the Society on the Natural Resources Council. He shall be elected by the Society for a term of four years. 16. ENDOWMENT FUND. The Endowment Fund shall consist of the permanent investments of the Society. Gifts not otherwise restricted shall be added to this Fund. The Council may also in any annual budget provide for an addition to the Fund from cash on hand. The income from the Fund shall be used at the discretion of the Council to further the objectives of the Society or may be added to the principal of the Fund. In each annual budget the income from the Fund for the past year shall be listed and its disposition shall be specified. 17. EMINENT ECOLOGIST CITATION. The Nominating Committee shall each year consider suitable nominees for the citation of Eminent Ecologist, which shall be restricted to retired ecologists who have made important contributions to the field and who have not been president of the Society. The Committee may nominate such a person and, after election by the Council, the award shall be made at the annual meeting. The chairman of the nominating committee shall be responsible for the citation, which shall be published in the BULLETIN. 18. LIMITATION. The purposes of the Society are stated in Article 2. Lobbying or activities specifically designed to influence legislation are not among the objectives of the Society and no official group within the Society shall engage in such activity. Committee for the Revision of the Constitution and Bylaws L. R. Dice; H. J. Oosting; F. H. Test; M. F. Buell, Chairman -64-