GEOG 367: Governing Development: Institutions, Networks, Space, Place Professor Anthony Bebbington, abebbington@clarku.edu Graduate School of Geography Fall 2011, Thursdays 2:50-5:50 PM, classes in room JAC 202 Office Hours: Thursday 10am to noon, though if my door is open feel free to knock. You are also welcome to email me with questions, or with a request for a meeting appointment. This course investigates the theoretical potential and pitfalls of conceptualizing development as a field of networks of actors and institutions, and it poses the challenge of geography in understanding these networks. More specifically, this course engages with various literatures to analyze how networks can be theorized and visualized in relation to actors such as the state, private entities, civil society and beyond. The first two thirds of the course will involve general readings on preset topics; while the last third of the course will be targeted towards the specific regional and topical interests of the student participants (each week students will select and discuss readings of their choice). Readings and discussions incorporate the global north as well as the global south. Questions asked include: By what mechanisms do networks and institutions operate? How do networks and institutions vary regionally (what are the structural similarities and differences)? What is the interaction between multilevel forms of governance, networked states and local institutions? What is the interaction among institutions, networks, livelihoods and resources? Class Schedule Week Date Module Theme Team leaders 1 9/1/11 Theory Introduction to Institutional Change 2 9/8/11 (contributions by political scientists and economists, Institutional Theory 1 Alex Sphar John Lauermann 3 9/15/11 with a couple Institutional Theory 2 sociologists) 4 9/22/11 No class 5 9/29/11 Politics of State Formation Institutions and the State 6 10/6/11 Institutions and politics 7 10/13/11 Contributions by ethnography, anthropology, and history Institutions, culture, legitimacy 8 10/20/11 Social movements and institutions 9 10/27/11 Environmental governance Tony in Colombia/Peru will need to reschedule Note: begin at 2.30 to accommodate Atwood lecture Note: Tony at UC Davis. Reschedule class to an evening
10 11/3/11 Contributions by Network Theory 11 11/10/11 geography, science Networks and Place studies, media studies 12 11/17/11 13 11/24/11 No Class: Thanksgiving 14 12/1/11 15 12/8/11 16 12/15/11 Course requirements 1. This is a reading seminar, so the first requirement is to come to class having read the materials and being ready to discuss them. 2. However, in addition to being a reading seminar it is also intended to be one in which, on the basis of the readings, we are able to support each other s research projects through, inter alia, gleaning as much from these readings as we can. This means that another requirement is that as we engage, we do so constructively. This may well involve critique, but the emphasis here, where possible, is on critique that builds. We can reasonably take as given that for things to be on our lists, they are serious pieces of scholarship that have passed through serious review processes. We may not agree with them, but we cannot easily dismiss them. So a second requirement is careful and constructive reading that first takes readings on their own terms, before interpreting through our own positions. The same applies to how we handle each other s comments and interventions. 3. A third requirement is that we produced an annotated bibliography of all the readings in the seminar. This will be done collectively that is over the course of the semester we will allocate readings for annotation according to principles of both interest (what you wan to annotate) and equity (relatively equal annotation loads). At the end of the seminar we will have a collective resource available for all participants to use in the future. Over the course of the seminar we will build this resource up on the Cicada site for the course. The annotated bibliographies will be 500 words (1 page). These shall be posted on Cicada after class each week before midnight. Each student will volunteer for 1 reading each week at the close of the previous class. Students will not write annotated bibliographies for the weeks they are facilitating discussion. 4. Before each class, participants will post comments on the readings on the Forum on the Cicada website for the class. Those comments should be no more than 200 words. Please post comments for each week 24 hours before class, mid-day on Wednesday each week. Each student is permitted to skip 2 weeks of forum posts during the semester. 5. I will ask each of you to produce something substantive that is related to the course. However, given that participants are at different stages of their degrees, it is less appropriate that this product be the same for each of you. Instead we can discuss bilaterally what you want to prepare. This may be a draft of a dissertation proposal, a paper, an extended annotated bibliography (of readings that are additional to what we cover in class), a literature review. The topics and formats will be determined by fall break. Class process
Classes will be led by teams of two students who will prepare themes for discussion, on the basis of their own reading of class materials, a prior discussion with me, as well as the comments that will have been submitted to the Forum the day before. Team leaders will also be responsible for posting the readings on Cicada at least a week in advance The class will then function as a discussion seminar moderated by myself and the two session leaders. The class, including facilitators, will suggest additions or subtractions to the reading list 2 weeks prior to discussion at the close of class. Readings Sept 1: Introduction to Institutional Change 1. Mahoney, James and Kathleen Thelen (eds). 2011. Explaining institutional change: ambiguity, agency, and power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: a. Mahoney, James and Kathleen Thelen, A theory of gradual institutional change. 1-37 b. Hall, Peter. Historical institutionalism in rationalist and sociologic al perspective. 204-224 Sept 8: Institutional Theory 1 2. North, Douglass. 1991. Institutions. The Journal of Economic Institutions. (5):97-117. 3. Evans, Peter. 1995. A comparative institutional approach. In Embedded autonomy: states and industrial transformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 21-42. 4. Ostrom, Elinor. 2005, Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Ch 1 5. Polanyi, Karl. 1944. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press. Chapters 1,2, 19-21 6. Giddens, Anthony. 1979. Central problems in social theory: Action, structure, and contradiction in social analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapter 3, but also read Chapter 2. 7. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1 (1-30), Chapters 2 and for the energetic also 4 (all)? Additional readings: 8. [For reference, having read this in Development s Geographies, Fall 2010] Evans, Peter. 2003. Development as Institutional Change: The Pitfalls of Monocropping and the Potentials of Deliberation. Studies in Comparative International Development. 38(4) [Winter, 2004]: 30-53. Sept 15: Institutional Theory 2 1. Evans, Peter. 2006. Extending the Institutional Turn : Property, Politics, and Development Trajectories. In UNU-WIDER Research Paper. No. 2006/13. Maastricht: UNU-WIDER. 2. Ostrom, 2007. A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas. PNAS. Vol 104, No 39. 3. Greif, A., & Laitin, D. D. (2004). A Theory of Endogenous Institutional Change. The American Political Science Review, 98, 633-652. 4. Mahoney, J. (2000). Path Dependence in Historical Sociology. Theory and Society, 29, 507-548. 5. Sachs, Jeffery. 2003. Institutions matter, but not for everything: The role of geography and resource endowments in development shouldn't be underestimated. Finance and Development 40(2): 38-41 6. Acemoglu, Daron, Johnson, Simon, and Robinson, James, The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation. American Economic Review 91 (2001)
7. Bebbington, A., Dani, A., de Haan, A., Walton, M. 2008 "Inequalities and development: dysfunctions, traps and transitions. Pp. 3-41 in Bebbington, A., Dani, A., de Haan, A., Walton, M eds. 2008 Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps. Washington D.C. World Bank 8. Fligstein, N. 2008 Fields, Power and Social Skill: a critical analysis of the new institutionalisms. International Public Management Review 9(1): 227-253 Sept 22: No class Sept 29: Institutions and the State 1. Tilly, Charles. 1999. Durable Inequality. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2. Brenner, Neil. 2004. New state spaces: urban governance and the rescaling of statehood. Oxford: Oxford University Press. a. Chapters 1 (Introduction: cities, states, and the explosion of spaces ), 2 (The globalization debates), and 3 (The state spatial process under capitalism: a framework for analysis) b. [Note: chapter 2 is largely a literature review of institutional and state theory in geography and political science and could be optional] 3. Houtzager, PP. 2001. We make the law and the law makes us Some ideas on a law in development research agenda. IDS Bulletin. 32:1. 4. de Sousa Santos, Boaventura. 2006. The Heterogeneous State and Legal Pluralism in Mozambique. Law & Society Review. 40:1. 39-76. Additional Readings 5. Wright, Erik Olin. 2000. Metatheoretical Foundations of Charles Tilly s Durable Inequality. Society for Comparative Study of Society and History. 6. Morris, Aldon. 2000. Building Blocks of Social Inequality: A Critique of Durable Inequality. Society for Comparative Study of Society and History. 7. [For reference, having read this in Development s Geographies, Fall 2010] Heller, Patrick and Peter Evans. 2010. "Taking Tilly south: durable inequalities, democratic contestation, and citizenship in the Southern Metropolis." Theory and Society. 39: 433-450. Oct 6: Institutions and politics 1. Bringing politics back in: towards a model of the developmental state, Journal of Development Studies 31(3): 400-427Kohli, Atul. 2004. State-directed development: political power and industrialization in the global periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. a. Introduction (1-26) and conclusion (367-426) 2. Skocpol, Theda 1979 States and social revolutions: a comparative analysis of France, Russia and China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1 and conclusions 3. Tilly, Charles. 1990. Coercion, capital, and European States. Malden, MA: Blackwell. a. Chapter 1 (Cities and states in world history, 1-38) 4. Leftwich, A> and Sen, K. 2010 Beyond institutions: institutions and organizations in the politics and economics of growth and poverty reduction http:www.ippg.org.uk/8933_beyond%institutions.final%20(1).pdf Additional reading: 5. Moe, T. M. (2005). Power and Political Institutions. Perspectives on Politics, 3, 215-233. Oct 13: Institutions, Culture, Legitimacy 1. Tilly, Charles. 2005. Trust and rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. a. Chapter 1: Relations of trust and distrust. 1-29.
2. Scott, James. 1979. Moral economy of the peasant. New Haven: Yale University Press. a. Introduction and Chapter 1 (The economics and sociology of the subsistence ethic): 1-34. 3. Woolcock, Michael, Simon Szreter, and Vijayendra Rao. 2011. How and Why Does History Matter for Development Policy? Journal of Development Studies. 47:1, 70-96. 4. Eds Rao, Vijayendra and Michael Walton. 2004. Culture and Public Action. Stanford: Stanford Social Sciences. a. Ch 2 - Sen, Amartya. How Does Culture Matter? b. Ch 4 Douglas, Mary. Traditional Culture, Let s Hear No More About It. 5. [Selected chapters from] Eds Archon Fung and Erik Olin Wright. 2003. Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. a. [skim] Ch 2 Baiocchi, Gianpaolo: Participation, Activism, and Politics: The Porto Alegre Experiment b. [skim] Ch 3 Isaac, TM Thomas and Patrick Heller: Democracy and Development: Decentralized Planning in Kerala c. Ch 4 Fung, Archon. Deliberative Democracy, Chicago Style: Grassroots Participation and Municipal Reform in Policing and Public Education. d. Ch 6 Mansbridge, Jane. On Deriving Theory from Practice. e. Ch 7 Abers, Rebecca. Reflections on What Makes EPG Happen? Additional readings: 6. [For reference, having read this in Development s Geographies, Fall 2010] Ch 3 Appadurai, Arjun. The Capacity to Aspire: Culture and the Terms of Recognition Oct 20: Social Movements and Institutions 1. [intro or conclusion chapter from] McAdam, Doug, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 1996. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. 2. Crossley, N. (2000) Making Sense of Social Movements Milton Keynes. Open University Press. Chapter 9. 3. North, Douglass C, John Joseph Wallis and Barry R. Weingast, 2009. Violence and Social Orders: A conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1, 6, 7. 4. Shankland, A. and Cornwall, A. (2008) 'Realising Health Rights in Brazil: The Micropolitics of Sustaining Health System Reform' in Bebbington, A. & McCourt, W. (eds), Development Success: Statecraft in the South, Palgrave Macmillan 5. Tilly, Charles. 2004. Contention and democracy in Europe, 1650-2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. a. Chapter 1 (Contention and democracy, 1-41) 6. When good policies go bad, then what? Dislodging exhausted educational and industrial policies in Latin America. Pp. 79-104 in in Bebbington, A. & McCourt, W. (eds), Development Success: Statecraft in the South, Palgrave Macmillan 7. Zizek, Slavoj. 2005. Against human rights. New Left Review 34: 115-131. Additional Readings 1. Evans, Peter. 2008. Is an alternative globalization possible? Politics & Society 36(2): 271-305. 2. Tilly, Charles. 2006. Contentious Politics. Paradigm Publishers. a. Chapters 1 (Making claims) and 6 (Social Movements) 3. Martinez-Torres, Maria Elena and Peter M Rosset. 2010. La Via Campesina: the birth and evolution of a transnational social movement. Journal of Peasant Studies. 37:1, 149-175. 4. de Sousa Santos, Boaventura. 2008. World Social Forum and the Global Left. Politics and Society. 36: 2. 247-270.
5. Wittman, Hannah. 2009. Reworking the metabolic rift: La Via Campesina, agrarian citizenship, and food sovereignty. Journal of Peasant Studies. 36:4, 805-826. 6. Various authors. 2007-2010. Forum at the Crossroads. Foreign Policy in Focus: a project of the Institute for Policy Studies. http://www.fpif.org/search?q=forum+at+the+crossroads 7. Appadurai, Arjun. 2000. Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination. Public Culture. Vol 12, No 1. 1-19. 8. Edelman, Marc. 2009. Synergies and tensions between rural social movements and professional researchers. Journal of Peasant Studies. 36:1, 245-265. Oct 27: Environmental Governance 1. Agrawal, Arun. 2005. Environmentality Community, intimate government, and the making of environmental subjects in Kumaon, India. Current Anthropology. Vol 46, Issue 2. 161-190. OR Agrawal, Arun. 2005. Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Ch 1 (1-24), Ch 4-7 (101-230), 2. Berkes, Fikret. 2007. Community-based conservation in a globalized world. PNAS. Vol 104, no 39. 3. Ostrom, E and Michael Cox. 2010. Moving beyond panaceas: a multi-tiered diagnostic approach for socio-ecological analysis. Environmental Conservation. Vol 37, Issue 4. 451-463. 4. Hardin, Garrett. 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science. Vol 162. 5. Harvey, David. 2011. The future of the commons. Radical History Review 109 : 101-107 Nov 3: Network Theory 1. de Landa, Manuel. 2006. A new philosophy of society: assemblage theory and social complexity. New York: Continuum. 2. Latour, Bruno. 2005. Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. a. Introduction (1-21; this could be optional depending on how much experience the reader has with ANT) b. Part II: How to render associations traceable again (159-246) 3. Granovetter, Mark. 1983. The Strength of Weak Ties: a network theory revisited. Sociological Theory. Vol 1: 201-233. 4. Tilly, Charles. 2005. Trust and rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. a. Chapters 2 (How and why trust networks work; 30-51) b. 3 (Transformations of trust networks; 52-78) c. 4 (Trust networks versus predators; 78-99) Additional: 5. Granovetter, Mark. Economic Action and Social Structure: The problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology 91 No. 3 (1985): 480-510. 6. Freeman, Linton C. 2004. The Development of Social Network Analysis. Vancouver: Empirical Press. 7. Latour, Bruno. 1983. Give Me a Laboratory and I will Raise the World. In Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science. Eds. Karin D Knorr-Cetina and Michael Mulkay. London: SAGE Publications. 8. Latour, Bruno. 1996. On interobjectivity. Mind, culture, and activity 3(4): 228-245. 9. Collins, HM. 1974. The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks. Science Studies. Vol 4: 165-186. Nov 10: Networks & Place
1. Escobar, Arturo. 2001. Culture sits in places: reflections on globalism and subaltern strategies of localization. Political Geography 20(2): 139-174. 2. Selected Bebbington articles a. Bebbington, AJ. 2003. Global Networks and Local Developments: Agendas for Development Geography. b. Bebbington, AJ and SPJ Batterbury. 2001. Transnational Livelihoods and Landscapes: Political Ecologies of Globalization. Ecumene. 8:4. 3. MacFarlane, C. Translocal assemblages: space, power, and social movement. 4. Pierce, J, DG Martin, and JT Murphy. 2011. Relational place-making: the networked politics of place. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36(1): 54-70. 5. Gordon, Eric and Adriana de Souza e Silva. 2011. Net locality: why location matters in a networked world. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Ch. 4 Urban Spaces (85-104) and Ch. 8 Conclusion (172-181) Additional readings 6. [For reference, having read in Development s geographies, Spring 2010] MacFarlane, C. Transnational development networks: bringing development and postcolonial approaches into dialogue. 7. [For reference, having read this in Development s Geographies, Fall 2010] Bebbington, AJ and U Kothari. Transnational development networks. Environment and Planning A. 38(5): 849-866. Nov 17: TBD Nov 24: No class (Thanksgiving) Dec 1: TBD Dec 8: TBD Dec 15: TBD