Livelihoods (Shelter) needs of Returnees, IDPs & Refugees Findings from Livelihoods scoping missions to Eastern, Central, Southern, and Western Regions Nanduri Sateesh, Senior Livelihoods Officer, Re-Integration Unit
Livelihoods Scoping Missions Assessment findings Objective: To prepare a context-specific livelihoods strategic plan
Mission Findings Kabul, Jalalabad, Khost, and Herat
Field Visits: Gambiri, Jalalabad No. of HH: 700 Most of them do not have shelter (or living in makeshift shelters) No of returnees families expected during 2017: 100 Skills: Tailors, teachers, drivers, mechanics. Income Sources: Daily wage labour. Nearby markets: Jalalabad Coping strategy: Remittances and Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to basic and social services in particular Shelter, Water, and Electricity) & Livelihoods opportunities.
Field Visits: Dasht-Tarakhil, Kabul No. of HH: 800 (total no. of HH in the area: 2,000) ~ 75% do not have shelter (or living in makeshift shelters) No of returnees families expected during 2017: 10,000 Skills: Carpentry, masons, tailors, teachers, drivers, mechanics. Income Sources: Daily wage labour. Nearby markets: Arzan keemat (7 km). Coping strategy: Remittances and Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to basic and social services in particular Shelter, Water, and Electricity) & Livelihoods opportunities.
Field Visits: Mashino Akhakail, Kabul No. of HH: 2500 No of returnees families expected during 2017: 600 Skills: Tailors, mechanics, drivers, carpet weavers, electricians.s Income Sources: 70% Daily wage labour, 20% Agriculture, 5% skilled. Nearby markets: Qarabagh, Charkar, Parwan (5 km.) Coping strategy: Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to livelihood sources.
Field Visits: Ghosfandara, Kabul No. of HH: 750 No of returnees families expected during 2017: 200 50% do not have shelter (or living in makeshift shelters) Skills: Masonry, carpentry, welding, tailors, mechanics, and drivers Income Sources: 70% Daily wage labour, 20% Agriculture, 5% skilled. Nearby markets: Haiki Jabar and Arzan Keemat (3 and 9 km.) Coping strategy: Credit. Main challenge: Access to basic services and livelihood sources.
Field Visits: Gulan camp, Khost No. of HH: 12,000 (came in 2014) 50% do not have shelter (or living in makeshift shelters) Health clinic (ACTED) Access to education: 3 schools. Classes 1 to 8. Access to Water Skills: Carpentry, masons, tailors, drivers, mechanics. Income Sources: Daily wage labour. Nearby markets: Khost (20 km). Coping strategy: Remittances and Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to basic and social services (in particular Shelter, access road, Water, and Electricity) & Livelihoods opportunities.
Field Visits: Tani, Khost No. of HH: 250 (came in 2014) > 50% do not have shelter (or living in makeshift shelters) No access to Health (11 km) Access to education: 1 km away (NRC school). Shelter: tents from 2014. Skills: Agriculture & Livestock small holders, masons, tailors, mechanics. Income Sources: Daily wage labour. Nearby markets: Surkhot(11 km). Coping strategy: Remittances and Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to basic and social services (in particular Shelter, access road, Water, and Electricity & Livelihoods opportunities.
Field Visits: Spin Kai, Khost No. of HH: 70(came in 2014) 50% living in tents Access to Health and education (primary) (1 km) No Access to education. Skills: Agriculture & Livestock small holders, masons, tailors, mechanics. Income Sources: Daily wage labour (firewood collection, stonebreaking) Nearby markets: Khost (20 km). Coping strategy: Remittances and Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to basic and social services (in particular Shelter, access road, Water, and Electricity & Livelihoods opportunities.
Field Visits: Safogan, Herat No. of HH: 5,000 (60% IDPs since 10 years; 40% returnees since 2002) Access: 15 km health clinic, 9 km school, 200 families don t have land. Skills: Construction, masons, carpet weaving, Horticulture. Income Sources: Daily wage labour. Nearby markets: Arzan keemat (7 km). Coping strategy: Remittances and Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to basic and social services (in particular Shelter, Water, and Electricity) & Livelihoods opportunities.
Field Visits: Gibrail, Herat No. of HH: 100,000 (27 sub villages) 15,000 families returned in 2016 from Pakistan Access: 10-20,000 children can not go to school (only 2 schools and overcrowded with 8,000), 25% have land. Skills: Teachers, mechanics, electricians, construction, masons, carpet weaving, Horticulture. 14 SHGs Women. 2,850 PSN (including 2,000 widows) Main challenge: Lack of Livelihoods opportunities.
Field Visits: Maslaqh, Herat No. of HH: 4,671 HH (all IDPs except 60 returnee families in 2016) Lack of access to Land, water, school and clinic (UNHCR built yet still to be operational), road, and shelter. Access: 15 km health clinic, 9 km school Skills: Livestock and animal husbandry, Carpet weaving, construction, masons. Income Sources: Daily wage labour. Nearby markets: Herat(18 km). Coping strategy: Remittances and Credit. Main challenge: Lack of access to basic and social services (in particular Shelter, Water, and Electricity) & Livelihoods opportunities.
Summary of Findings
Livelihoods profiles and strategies Lack of access to Land, and basic services (education, health, electricity). Shelter is the key priority: Limited savings were spent on construction of shelter and or in some cases purchasing of land for shelter. Depend on external assistance (and or debt) for survival. Early marriage (girls the livelihoods asset ). Youth (age: 18-30 yrs) consists almost half of the population. Women empowerment: lack of access to income sources. The main sources of income are daily wage labour (exploitation??). Summer: 10 days a month; and Winter: 3 to 5 days a month. Lack of and access to livelihood opportunities is the key challenge. Lack of or Limited coordination mechanisms (actors). Potential Private Sector Participation.
Livelihoods Actors, coordination, and partnerships UN agencies (IOM, WFP) immediate assistance through cash and food assistance. INGOs are mainly focused on the TEVT trainings and small businesses development. Lack of coordination mechanism. Potential long-term development linkages & partnerships: IFAD, UNDP, FAO, ILO, EU, GIZ, USAID, Private Sector (ACCI, AISA)
UNHCR Strategic Approach Livelihoods Programming Aligned to the GoIRA s Policy Framework for Returnees & IDPs; and UNHCR Global Strategy and Regional Plan
Strategic Approach Area-based and context-specific. Evidence-based actions. Identify the human and social capital potential among PoC, opportunities within local labour market, and potential productive/economic sectors. Integrated approach to address the key issues of vulnerability, diversification, and access to livelihoods opportunities and economic integration prospects. From an assistance-based to a holistic modality. Partnerships & Coordination: Addressing the continuum from humanitarian to early recovery and reconstruction phase towards long-term development. Align to the GoIRA s policy framework & UNHCR (and UN). Inclusion of Private Sector. Capacity building.
Pilot Programme UNHCR activities Costing & Implementation Plan Promote & Advocate Donors & Agencies Site-specific Response Plan Needs Identified Market Assessment SE Assessment Stakeholder Analysis Location
Q & A!!!