1 2 The Confident Years 1953 1964 A Decade of Affluence How did the Decade of Affluence alter social and religious life in America? Facing Off with the Soviet Union What impact did Dwight Eisenhower s foreign policy have on U.S. relations with the Soviet Union? John F. Kennedy and the Cold War What was John F. Kennedy s approach to dealing with the Soviet Union? 3 4 5 The Confident Years 1953 1964 Righteousness Like a Mighty Stream: The Struggle for Civil Rights What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka? Let Us Continue How did Lyndon B. Johnson continue the domestic agenda inherited from the Kennedy administration? In what ways did he depart from it? The Affluent Society: 1953 1960 The Suburban Ideal The Age of Ike The Civil Rights Movement A Decade of Affluence What s Good for General Motors Reshaping Urban America Comfort on Credit The New Fifties Family Inventing Teenagers Turning to Religion 1
Turning to Religion The Gospel of Prosperity The Underside of Affluence 6 7 8 What s Good for General Motors Eisenhower and the politics of the middle Secretary of Defense: former head of General Motors The new prosperity Unemployment high among minorities Native Americans Termination policy Reshaping Urban America Urban renewal Displaced minorities Transportation Federal Highway Act of 1956 Interstates Suburbanization accelerated Comfort on Credit Credit buying Mortgages Store credit cards Suburban malls Leisure travel increased 9 10 The New Fifties Family New ideas about childhood The impact of television Sitcoms Stay-at-home moms and working women Higher education fell for women Employment reached new highs 11 2
12 Inventing Teenagers Marketing targeted teenagers Rock-and-roll Phonographs and 45s Radio Culture of rebellion 13 14 15 16 Turning to Religion Churchgoing rose slightly Evangelicals and fundamentalists Bill Graham Ecumenicalism among Protestant faiths Supreme Court Engel v. Vitale (1962) Abington Township v. Schempp (1963) The Gospel of Prosperity Prosperity became a political goal The kitchen debate Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev 17 18 19 The Underside of Affluence Large poor class Military-industrial complex Impact of suburbs Women s issues Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique Facing Off with the Soviet Union Why We Liked Ike A Balance of Terror 3
A Balance of Terror The American Approach to the Cold War U.S. Alliances and the Third World Containment in Action Global Standoff 20 21 Why We Liked Ike Dwight Eisenhower Concentrated on foreign policy Experience of World War II Behind-the-scenes president A Balance of Terror Deterrence Use of fear Based on massive retaliation Launching of Sputnik National Defense Education Act National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 22 23 24 25 The American Approach to the Cold War Talk of brinkmanship Continued Truman s containment Commercial goals Religious slant U.S. Alliances and the Third World Alliances formed to block the spread of communism Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) Central Treaty Organization Nonaligned nations India, Egypt, Ghana Containment in Action Intervention in Iran CIA backed a coup 1963 4
CIA backed a coup 1963 Guatemala United Fruit Company Suez Canal Crisis 1956 Israel 26 27 28 29 Global Standoff Peace talks planned U-2 spy plane 1960 Peace talks halted John F. Kennedy and the Cold War The Kennedy Mystique Kennedy s Mistakes Getting into Vietnam Missile Crisis: A Line Drawn in the Waves Science and Foreign Affairs The Kennedy Mystique The New Frontier Televised debates Kennedy s glamour Inconsistent policies 30 31 32 Kennedy s Mistakes Arms race continued Invasion of Cuba 1961 Bay of Pigs Summit June 1961 Berlin Wall Getting into Vietnam France withdrew in 1954 United States supported Ngo Dinh Diem Versus Viet Cong 5
Versus Viet Cong Diem removed with U.S. complicity 33 34 35 Missile Crisis: A Line Drawn in the Waves Cuban Missile Crisis 1961 Blockade Brinkmanship Alliance for Progress Anti-communist War avoided Science and Foreign Affairs U.S. space program Nuclear testing resumed in 1961 1962 Limited Test Ban Treaty 1963 36 37 38 Righteousness Like a Mighty Stream: The Struggle for Civil Rights Getting to the Supreme Court Deliberate Speed Public Accommodations The March on Washington, 1963 Religious Belief and Civil Rights Getting to the Supreme Court Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Charles Hamilton Houston Howard University Thurgood Marshall All-white primaries ended League of United Latin American Citizens Mendez v. Westminster 39 6
40 Deliberate Speed Southern Manifesto protested the Brown decision Little Rock, Arkansas 1957 Use of the National Guard Desegregation proceeded slowly 41 42 43 44 Public Accommodations Rosa Parks Montgomery, Alabama Bus boycott Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957 Woolworth s sit-in 1960 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 1960 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Explore the Civil Rights Movement on MyHistoryLab The March on Washington, 1963 Birmingham protests 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr. I Have a Dream Civil rights movement spread Militancy 45 46 47 Religious Belief and Civil Rights Support of Christian beliefs Two dominant southern churches supported desegregation Let Us Continue Dallas, 1963 War on Poverty Civil Rights, 1964 1965 War, Peace, and the Landslide of 1964 7
War, Peace, and the Landslide of 1964 48 49 Let Us Continue Johnson pursued Kennedy s policies War on Poverty 1963 Dallas, 1963 Assassination of Kennedy November 1963 Lyndon Johnson became president Warren commission 50 51 52 53 War on Poverty Kennedy s New Frontier Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) Job Corps VISTA Civil Rights, 1964 1965 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Ended segregation Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) SNCC Freedom Summer Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Voting Rights Act Minority voter registration jumped War, Peace, and the Landslide of 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Election of 1964 Johnson won in a landslide Great Society National Endowments Wilderness Act Medicare 8
Medicare Medicaid 54 55 56 Conclusion The period from 1953 to 1964 was characterized by a consistent foreign policy that focused on containment. The civil rights movement gained momentum, and despite violent resistance, significant legislation was passed regarding voting and other rights. The Cold War shaped much of U.S. society as anticommunism helped forge consensus and stifle dissent. 9