Industry West Immigration Notes

Industry West Immigration Notes Important dates Vocab Quiz 3/15 Test 3/22

EXPANSION OF INDUSTRY I. Technology A. Transcontinental Railroad 3. B. Communication C. Bessemer Process Made mass production of possible D. Electricity Edison invented the develops the alternating current (AC) E. Brooklyn Bridge Robber Barons A. Social Darwinism Based on Darwin s concept Society should not get involved in an individual s drive to be successful B. Powerful Industrialists Andrew Carnegie J.D. Rockefeller 3. J.P. Morgan 4. Cornelius Vanderbilt 5. Thomas Edison (incandescent light bulb) C. sought to eliminate the competition and create D. The Sherman Anti-trust Act Passed in Congress, Prevented industries from forming

E. Effects of Industrial Growth Contributed to the wealth of America Caused economic hardships a. b. c. d. 3. Boom and Bust period called the Labor Unions A. Knights of Labor B. American Federation of Labor Founded by Used collective bargaining a. b. Negotiate as a group for 3. Fought for union members only C. Strikes Haymarket Strike/Riot a. b. Pullman Strike a. b. c. d. The had to intervene D. Eugene Debs 3. Unsuccessfully ran for several times THE GILDED AGE I. Education A. Assimilation B. Booker T. Washington Encouraged to use education as a means of achieving economic

Founds University C. W.E.B. Dubois Believed blacks should demand their rights Niagara Movement a. Organization founded in b. Called for civil liberties for blacks and an end to 3. Co-Founded the Association for the Advancement of People (NAACP) in 1910 4. The NAACP used the court to fight II. III. Entertainment A. Vaudeville Consisted of comic sketches, routines, ventriloquists and artists to name a few B. Sports 3. 4. 5. C. Ragtime and Jazz become popular (1890 s). Began in Jim Crow Laws A. Laws put in place to blacks (keep former slaves from taking advantage of their new ) B. Blacks kept from voting 3. C. Segregation became commonplace D. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) made legal E. increased dramatically from 1882 to 1892 Populism Late 1800 s farmers where having to mortgage their to be able to buy land and produce more. Banks were and railroads were taking advantage and charging too much for shipping. Problems with Rail Roads Often RR were charging more in shipping than what the cargo was. RR made deals with grain brokers and merchants to control grain storage.

Farmer s Alliance 1867, Patrons of Husbandry ( ) Colored Farmers Alliance - The Grange and Rail Road Farmers started to demand govt. of RR s. Misuse of Govt. by the RRs. RR entered prices, put farmers in. RR charged different prices to different customers Munn vs. Illinois (1877) Supreme court upheld Granger laws, the state won the right to regulate the railroads Interstate Commerce Act Fall of Populism Panic of 1893 Economy grew too Farmers and business people had overextended themselves with loans and debt. Feb, 1893: RR s closed July, 1893 Impacted other industries Iron, steel, various business banks Dec. 1894 of the population /workforce was unemployed

Silver or Gold? Populist Party did well in 1892 94 elections Looking for Presidential in Central issue was Free Silverites or Bimetallism, Gold Bugs Bryan s Cross of Gold Speech William McKinley William Jennings Bryan People s Party was hesitant to side with him due to the fact that his VP was a wealthy banker who did not support farmers. Wins OUT McKinley wins IN THE WEST I. Indian Removal Act (1830) A. Land Greed forces Indians off of their land B. Destroys the Indian family unit II. Homestead Act ( ) A. Gave land to those who lived on it for years B. People received acres III. Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) A. General defeated by Chief B. Often called IV. Populism A. Populists were mostly B. Populists pushed for reforms 3. 4. 5. V. Massacre at Sand Creek Nov. 29, 1864 Colorado Territory

Col. Militia attacks Cheyenne and Arapaho Up to 170 killed, mostly women and children Land was granted to Cheyenne and Arapaho by the Ft. Laramie Treaty (1851) 1858, Gold discovered at Pikes Peak US Col. John Chivington launched an attack on Cheyenne under a white flag. After a series of battles that followed, Cheyenne hold on the west began to slip VI. Dawes Act Feb. 8, 1887 provided for the division of tribally held lands into individually-owned parcels and opening " " lands to settlement by non-indians and development by railroads Dividing VII. Battle of Wounded Knee December 29, 1890 US Cavalry vs. Lakota Sioux captured and taken to an encampment Colonel and surrounded the encampment supported by four Hotchkiss guns (repeating gun) the prisoners. VIII. Cowboys roots prisoners used to manage and keep up with Spanish horses and cattle 6 shooter Foods, clothing, terms were Black Americans Avg. age Move cattle from place to place Chisholm Trail, Santé Fe Trail POLITICS, IMMIGRATION AND URBAN LIFE V. Politics A. Laissez Faire Means Government stayed out of B. Pendleton Civil Service Act ended the VI. Immigration A. Chinese exclusion Act of 1882 Limited the number of accepted into the U.S. Was pushed by unions that felt threatened by Chinese B. Ellis Island Home of the

Port of entry for a majority of immigrants who came to the U.S. VII. Urban Life A. Cities grew as people left the farm to find work B. Tenements C. Poor living conditions 3. D. Ghettos E. Alcohol POLITICS, IMMIGRATION AND URBAN LIFE I. Politics C. Laissez Faire 3. Means 4. Government stayed of business D. Pendleton Civil Service Act ended the II. III. Immigration C. Chinese exclusion Act of 1882 3. Limited the number of accepted into the U.S. 4. Was pushed by unions that felt threatened by cheap Chinese, mainly on the. 5. Banned entry except for,,,,. D. Ellis Island 3. Home of the Statue of Liberty 4. Port of entry for a majority of who came to the U.S. C. Angel Island Entry for immigrants San Francisco region Urban Life F. Cities grew as people left the farm to find work G. Tenements 3. 4. H. Poor living conditions

4. 5. 6. I. Ghettos 3. Dominated by groups 4. Greatly accepted as people desired less contact with immigrants J. Alcohol 3. Added to poverty and crime 4. Temperance movement continued to grow strong F. Urbanization of Immigrants Irish settlements a. b. c. Polish a. Chicago: more here than is (Poland s capital) 3. seeking opportunities and jobs. Political Machines I. Political Machines * an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city and offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support. ** Mostly in large cities such as: Baltimore, New York, Boston, and San Francisco - People would receive jobs, contracts, or political appointments A. Political Bosses controlled the top of the political machine controlled municipal jobs a. b. c. d. e. f. B. Immigrants and Political Machine Immigrants would become supporters 1 st and 2 nd generation immigrants made up most of the Bosses 3. Helped Immigrants became and find a place to get a job. II. Tweed Ring Scandal A. William Marcy Tweed head of : NY s powerful political machine lead a group of politicians 3. pocketed as much as $ million from city kickbacks and payoffs.

Gilded Age Politics I. Reform and political corruption A. Civil Service press for federal merit system to replace govt. administration would go to the most to do the job right and with ethics II. Hayes launches reform A. Election B. President Rutherford B. Hayes began naming to his cabinet 3. investigates customs commissions and fires top officials in New York 4. most are working for Republicans III. Garfield continues reform A. Hayes does run for re-election in 1880 B. Republicans choose James A. Garfield nominates Chester A. Arthur as VP (fired by ) Garfield gave reform Republicans most of the patronage jobs when elected. 3. July 2, 1881 Pres. Garfield was assassinated by in a train stations, so Arthur would be President. IV. Arthur turns reformer A. Became a reformer when he was not originally B. Pendelton Act of 1883 3. 4. V. Grover Cleveland A. Democrat President B. 1888 ran for re-election against ( R ) Benjamin Harrison C. electoral votes D. ran again in 1892 and won, 1 st President to win/serve nonconsecutive terms E. 1897, William McKinley is elected President and raised tariffs. Women in Reform I. Women s clubs - by 1910 women are in clubs - discussed:, child raising,, child labor,

A. Education Vasser College, Smith and Wellesley College, what will be Florida State. Some Universities would not allow women, but opened up schools B. Voting Rights : leader in women s suffrage NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage Association) 3 part strategy a. b. c. * all failed but created question and an open door for more reform Imperialism Imperialism Obtaining an Empire by dominating weaker nations America wanted in on world affairs. Looks to gain Spheres of Influence : Studied the significance of sea power on the history of the world and urged the U.S. to build a strong Navy (1890). By 1900 the U.S. had one of the top Navies in the world power through power Steam powered steel warships Led by Com. World tour Latin America U.S. newspapers urged the U.S. to intervene in the Cuban Revolt = You supply the pictures, I ll supply the war Led public movement to war w/ Steps to war Intercepted letter in which the Spanish Ambassador to Washington insulted President McKinley The sinking of the USS MAINE!

The U.S. sent a list of demands to Spain, including a demand that Spain pay for the USS Maine. Spain agreed to most of the demands. When she failed to agree to all, the U.S. declared war on Spain beginning the War. USS Maine sank in sailors died 1895, Jose Marti ( ) Launched a war in revolt against Spain. In Cuba The U.S. bottled the Spanish fleet in the harbor. When Spain tried to escape, the U.S. sank all of her ships. Theodore Roosevelt led the on a successful charge up San Juan Hill. Platt Amendment: Cuban government could not engage in foreign agreements without U.S. consent The U.S. could establish Naval bases in Cuba The Pacific As a result of the war with Spain, launched an attack on Spanish ships in the Philippines. He destroyed the entire Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. The U.S. annexed in 1898. Treaty of Paris 1898 US gets and sold Philippines for $20 million. Teller Amendment did not allow for the taking of Cuba. China John Hay established the with China, keeping China open to for trade. More importantly, it signified the growing influence of the U.S. on world affairs. Other Imperialistic Endeavors U.S. sought a shorter route from Atlantic to Pacific for Naval and trade purposes. Picked up canal project where France left off. When Colombia denied the U.S. land rights, the U.S. helped overthrow the Colombian government and resumed work on the canal.

Said that the U.S. would intervene militarily to preserve the interests of Latin America. **The U.S. had achieved its goal of creating an Empire** Square Deal President McKinley s VP McKinley was assassinated and that make Roosevelt the President in 1901 Former Police Commissioner Asst. Sec of Sp/Am War hero Square Deal: Plan of reform to help common people to not get victimized by big business Federal Power w. strikes 1902 Coal Strike coal workers strike, demand raise, hr. workday, and organize a Union. Operators demands Coal reserves run low during the winter Both sides called to White House Roosevelt threatens govt. Both sides agree to arbitration workers= raise, 9hr. Workday Operators/owners= workers give up union, and right to strike for years Trust Busting By 1900 trusts controlled about 1/5 of all industry in US Good Trust vs. Bad Trust Enforcement of Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1902- TR ordered the Justice Dept. to No. Securities Co. Which established a on NW RR s 1904 Sup. Crt. the No. Securities Co. Rail Road Regulation Elkins Act 1903

Hepburn Act 1906 Labor Issues Boston Police strike Lack of raise Commissioner union representatives Remaining officers went on strike Mass. Gov. Calvin Coolidge calls the National Guard to end the strike Hires new commissioner, and strikers AFL ( ) appeals to Gov. on police behalf public safety can not be at risk or dangered on strike at any time Misc. Roosevelt Kept business in line with Anti-trust (Anti-monopoly) lawsuits Aided the environment (Conservationism) by setting aside 200 million acres of land for national forests, mineral resources and water reserves (Including the Tennessee Valley Authority) 16 th Amendment 18 th Amendment Does not seek re-election after 2 nd term, Chooses to be his successor Nobel Peace Prize for settling the Russo-Japanese War. was a result of the Woman s Temperance Movement who sought to end the poverty and violence associated with alcohol. Progressive Presidents Working Condition Issues Health / Dangers Upton Sinclair's Harsh conditions, unsanitary meat packing plants Leads to Creates the Pure Food Drug Administration (FDA) Truth in labeling Child Labor

William H. Taft 1904 was declared to be TR s in 1908. Former Defeated Bryan who was calling for Federal Income tax. Bust trusts in 4 yrs. Angered conservationist when removed 1 mill. Acres of forest land and appointed as Sec. of Interior Payne-Aldrich Tariff Called for lowering tariffs and also lowered rates on many manufactured goods Election of 1912 Republican split Republicans = Bull Moose = 1912 Rep. Convention refuses to seat TR, who is running again Creates Party Direct election of Adoption in all states: initiative, referendum, and recall Women s right to vote National workmen s compensation hr. Workday Anti child labor laws Federal trade commission to regulate business Results Roosevelt ( ) Taft ( ) Woodrow Wilson ( ) Debs ( ) wins New Freedom Stronger antitrust Banking reform Reduced tariffs

Study Guide Expansion of Industry Transcontinental RailRoad Promontory Point Utah 3. Bessemer Process 4. Inventions and Improvements 5. Social Darwinism 6. Who are Robber Barons and what Industries are they associated with? 7. Sherman Anti-Trust Act 8. labor Unions (Knights of Labor and AFL) 9. Pullman Strike West 10. Homestead Act 1 Dawes Act 1 Describe Custer and his role at Little Big Horn. 13. Define Populism 14. Describe the events of the Sand Creek Massacre. 15. Battle of Wounded Knee 16. Describe the evolution of the American Cowboy. 17. What is the role of Barbed Wire in the west. Immigration and Politics 18. What is the economic principle of Laissez Faire? 19. Chinese Exclusion Act 20. What are the two the major points of entry for immigrants during late 1800 s? 2 What are tenements? 2 Why do immigrants flock to certain cities? 23. What is a political machine? 24. What is a political boss? 25. What type of jobs does a political boss control? 26. Describe: - Hayes - Garfield - Arthur 27. What is the Pendleton Service Act? 28. Define NAWSA

Gilded Age 29. Define Assimilation 30. Who founded Tuskegee University? 3 What is the NAACP? 3 Who is a founding member? 33. What is vaudeville? 34. What sports emerge during the late 1800 s? 35. Where does Jazz originate? 36. What are Jim Crow Laws? 37. What is Plessy vs. Ferguson and what is its major importance? People to know 38. Sitting Bull 39. George Custer 40. Andrew Carnegie 4 John Forsyth 4 William Marcy Boss Tweed 43. W.E.B. DuBois 44. Charles Guiteau 45. Susan B. Anthony 46. John Chivington Populism Describe some of the major issues farmers were having with the rail roads. Patrons of Husbandry? Who started? What was their purpose 3. Colored Farmer s Alliance: 4. Munn vs. Illinois 5. ICC: 6. Effects of the Panic of 1893. 7. Free Silverites : 8. Gold Bugs 9. Bimetallism: 10. William Jennings Bryan: Imperialism 1 Imperialism: 1 3 regions of the world where the US will attempt to achieve an empire / influence. 13. Alfred Thayer Mahan: 14. Great White Fleet: 15. Yellow Journalism:

16. Role of the USS Maine in the US declaring war on Spain. 17. Jose Marti: 18. Rough Riders: 19. Platt Amendment: 20. George Dewey: 2 Teller Amendment: 2 Treaty of Paris 1898: 23. John Hay: 24. Open door policy 25. Panama Canal: 26. Roosevelt Corollary: Roosevelt / Square Deal 27. Describe how T. Roosevelt becomes president. 28. Define Square Deal: 29. 1902 Coal Strike and how arbitration was used. 30. What is the difference in a good trust and a bad trust? 3 Elkins Act: 3 Hepburn Act: 33. 16 th Amendment: 34. 18 th Amendment: 35. What does T.R. win a Nobel Peace Prize for? Progressive Presidents 36. The Jungle 37. What issues are happening with Child Labor? 38. FDA: 39. Who was William H. Taft? Describe his presidency. 40. Describe the events of the election of 191 4 Bull Moose Party: their platform as well as defining. 4 New Freedom :