epaper of 2 nd May 21 The European Union After World War II the wish for peace, stability and economic cooperation in Europe lead to the creation of the European Union (EU, formerly European Communities, or EC). The founder members were Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxemburg and the Netherlands. In 173, the first expansion of the EU saw the addition of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. In the 1 s they were followed by Greece, Portugal, Spain and in 15, Finland, Austria and Sweden. In 2, the EU expanded by a further ten countries, including eastwards with the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic and Hungary, and southwards with Malta and Cyprus. Bulgaria and Romania followed in 27. The latest and now 2 th member state Croatia joined the European Union on 1 st July 213 (s. Fig. 1) On 2 th March 217, the United Kingdom (UK) informed the EU that it wants to leave the Union, initiating proceedings under Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union and setting the end of its membership as 2 th March 21. The referendum for this took place on 23 rd June 216 with 51. percent voting to leave the EU. The UK is the first full EU member state wanting to withdraw. Until the conclusion of the Brexit negotiations, the UK legally stays a member of the European Union. Tab. 1: The 2 member states of the EU State License plate Capital Represented with... members in the EU-Parliament *) Accession year Area in km² Population**) Remarks Registered persons***) in Augsburg Austria A Vienna 1 15 3.7.772.65 p 1.3 Belgium B Brussels 21 15 3.52 11.365.3 6 Bulgaria BG Sofia 17 27 11.37 7.11.5 1.63 Croatia HR Zagreb 11 213 7.661.15.213.123 Cyprus CY Nicosia 6 2.251 5.2 p 1 Czech Repubilc CZ Prague 21 2 7.6 1.57.2 365 Denmark DK Copenhagen 13 173 2.2 5.7.76 31 Estonia EST Tallinn 6 2 5.227 1.315.635 35 Finland FIN Helsinki 13 15 33. 5.53.27 12 France F Paris 7 15 633.16 67.2.5 p 6 Germany D Berlin 6 15 357.376 2.. e 231.26 Greece GR Athens 21 11 132. 1.757.23 e p 2.12 Hungary H Budapest 21 2 3.11.77.561 1.7 Ireland IRL Dublin 11 173 6.77.77.33 e 72 Italy I Rome 73 15 32.73 6.5.5.2 Latvia LV Riga 2 6.573 1.5.116 33 Lithuania LT Vilnius 11 2 65.26 2.7. 1 Luxembourg L Luxembourg 6 15 2.56 5.667 22 Malta M Valletta 6 2 315.33 p 6 Netherlands NL Amsterdam 26 15 1.52 17.1.57 21 Poland PL Warsaw 51 2 312.67 37.72.6 2.51 Portugal P Lisbon 21 16 2.226 1.3.573 e 635 Romania RO Bucharest 32 27 23.31 1.63.3 p 7.22 Slovakia SK Bratislava 13 2.35 5.35.33 323 Slovenia SLO Ljubljana 2 2.273 2.65.5 2 Spain E Madrid 5 16 55. 6.52.66 p 73 Sweden S Stockholm 2 15 3.57.5.153 United Kingdom GB London 73 173 2.536 65..573 e 36 EU states in total 751..6 511.5. 26. Remarks: e = estimated; p = provisionally *) European Parliament elections of 21 **) as 1.1.217, Eurostat ***) as 31.12.217, registered people in Augsburg by their first nationality, register of residents, municipal office Stadt Augsburg, Amt für Statistik und Stadtforschung, Bahnhofstraße 1 1/3, 615 Augsburg, Tel. (21) 32 6 51, Fax 6 77 E-Mail: Statistikamt@augsburg.de Internet: http://www.augsburg.de/statistik Nachdruck nur mit Quellangabe gestattet
Romania Italy Croatia Poland Greece Hungary Bulgaria Austria Spain France Portugal Latvia United Kingdom Czech Republic Slovakia Slovenia Netherlands Lithuania Finland Sweden Ireland Belgium Estonia Denmark Luxembourg Cyprus Malta Foreign EU citizens in Augsburg The most populous countries in the European Union (after Germany) are France, the United Kingdom and Italy. However, the major part of the 2.6 foreign EU-Citizens in Augsburg is from Romania (7.22), Italy (.2) and Croatia (.123) (s. Fig. 1). Total EU citizens*) Foreign EU citizens in Augsburg**) 6,6 67, 65, Number in Million 1,6,2 3, 1,, 7,1, 6,5 1,3 2, 1,6 2,1 5, 17,1 2, 5,5 1,, 11, 1,3 5,7,6,, 7.22 Number.2.1232.51 2.12 1.71.631.3 73 6 635 33 36 365 323 2 21 1 12 72 6 35 31 22 1 6 Fig. 1: Foreign EU-Citizens in Augsburg and the country s population *) as 1.1.217, Eurostat **) as 31.12.217, registered people in Augsburg by their first nationality, register of residents municipal office Germans and foreigners in Augsburg At the end of 217, the registered population of Augsburg was 25.5 people. Among them, one of five (21,%) have a foreign (first) nationality. 2.6 foreigners have their first nationality from another EU-member state, 3.7 from a country outside the EU. Among the 231.26 Germans 73.551 (31, %) do have a migrant, which means they are immigrants, emigrants (Aussiedler), born abroad or their children under 1 years. Over percent (2.52) of them have their migration experience from one of the 27 other EU-countries and the other.27 people from a country outside the European Union (s. Fig. 2). Non-EUforeigners 3.7 Germans EU-foreigners 2.6 Germans 231.26 without MigBg*) 157.717 Germans with migrant 73.551 Germans with MigBg*) from another EU country 2.52 Germans with MigBg*) from outside the EU.27 Fig. 2: Number of Germans with and without a migrant *) MigBg = migrant ; first recalculated for this paper, so not comparable to former publications As 31.12.217 epaper of 2nd May 21 2
Population development of Germans with migrant and foreigners Similar to trends in the overall population, which rose by 2.1 between 2 and 217, the number of Germans with migrant has grown. Since 2 it has increased by 6.72, which is mainly due to Germans with migrant from outside the EU (s. Fig. 3). The number of Augsburg citizens with a foreign nationality increased by 21.76 over the last ten years. The significant contributor to this development is EU-foreigners, whose number was 2.6 (+15.6) at the end of 217. Conversely, the number of citizens originating from a country outside the EU only increased slightly by 5.6 to 3.7 (s Fig. ). Germans with Non-EU-MigBg*) Germans with EU-MigBg*) EU-foreigners Non-EU-foreigners Germans with MigBg*) in total Foreigners in total. 7. 6. 5.. 3. 66. 67.511 6.123 6.757 6.7 7.6 71.23 72.1 73.256 73.551 3.2 35.3 36.55 37.6 3.36.126 1.16 2.2 3.157.27. 7. 6. 5.. 3. 6.627 62.6 5.25 5.25 5.637 7.32 2.67 2.62 3.36.6 33.23 3.7 31.7 3.57 2.1 2.55 2.3 2.7 2.12 2.32 2. 1. 32.521 32.1 31.56 31.5 3.53 3.32 3.12 3.16 3. 2.52 2 2 21 211 212 213 21 215 216 217 2. 1. 13.7 13.3 1.17 15.1 17.725 2.756 23.73 26.2 2.237 2.6 2 2 21 211 212 213 21 215 216 217 Fig. 3: Development of Germans with migrant in Augsburg (2 till 217) Fig. : Development of EU- and Non-EU-Foreigners in Augsburg (2 till 217) *) MigBg = migrant As yearly at 31.12. Citizens and people with migrant by age 6. 5.. Germans without MigBg*) Germans with EU-MigBg*) Germans with Non-EU-MigBg*) EU-Foreignersr Non-EU-Foreigners 3. 2. 1. 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 5 5 55 6 65 7 75 5 5 1 15 Age Fig. 5: Population pyramid of the foreign and German population in Augsburg by migrant *) MigBg = migrant As 31.12.217 epaper of 2nd May 21 3
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Repubilc Denmark Estonia Finland France Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Migration balance of the EU-Foreigners Fig. 6 shows the migratory balance (= difference between influx and exodus) of foreign EU-citizens in the year 217. The highest immigration gains are shown by the youngest EU-members, above all Romanian EU-citizens (with an increase of 66 people), followed by people from Croatia (+51) and Bulgaria (+12). The migratory balance of the other EUnationalities mainly range in the middle and lower one- or two-digit range. 7 +66 6 5 +51 3 2 1-1 + + +12 + +11 + + -2 +1 +35 +16 +3 +1 +26 +1-2 + +5-1 +56 +2 +35 +2 +16-2 -16-3 Fig. 6: migration balance of EU-foreigners in 217 Period: 1.1. till 31.12.217 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom is the biggest island state in Europe and consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is a unitary state with a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. Head of state is Queen Elisabeth II. She and her family undertake the different official, ceremonial and representative tasks of the country. They also have limited legislative competences, although in practice, the monarch expresses no political view and simply approves legislation as a formality. The parliament of the United Kingdom meets in the Palace of Westminster and has two houses. The parliamentarians in the House of Commons (lower house) are elected by popular vote, whereas the members of the House of Lords (upper house) are appointed to a peerage (life peers) because of their expertise in a particular field or contribution to public life. A small number of places in the Houses of Lords are reserved for Bishops in the established Church of England. The government is formed by the largest party in the House of Commons. Unless no party has an overall majority, there may be a minority government or coalition (as after the 217 general election - since then the Conservative Party has relied on the support of Northern Ireland s Democratic Unionist Party). It is the lower house that enjoys supremacy on matters of legislation. The House of Lords only has a suspensive veto this can generally be overruled in the House of Commons by simple majority. The Prime Minister (current: Theresa May, Conservative Party) has policy-making competence within the government. She appoints the members of the government, coordinates the work and only needs simple majority to push decisions through the parliament. Since the end of the s under former Labour Prime Minister Tony Blair Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, have their own parliaments or assemblies (Scotland and Wales gained theirs through referendums in 1 and 17, and Northern Ireland as a result of the Good Friday / Belfast peace agreement of 1). Each devolved administration can adopt their own laws and rules in devolved responsibility, but some matters are reserved for the UK Parliament in London. epaper of 2nd May 21
173 176 1 13 1 15 16 17 1 1 1 11 12 13 1 15 16 17 1 1 2 21 22 23 2 25 26 27 2 2 21 211 212 213 21 215 216 217 Augsburg citizens with British nationality and migrant Among the 6.627 registered foreigners in Augsburg on 31.12.217 or rather 2.6 EU-foreigners there were only 36 citizens with a British nationality (s. Fig. 1). The number of people with the nationality United Kingdom increased from 23 in 176 to the highest level of in the year 12. It fluctuated afterwards several times and has sat around +/- 37 since the year 213 (s. Fig. 7). The number of Germans with a migrant from the United Kingdom rose since the first evaluation in 25 from 17 to now 35, so at the end of 217 there were a total of 673 people with a British migrant registered in Augsburg (s. Tab. 2 and Fig. 7). Tab. 2: People with migrant from the United Kingdom by their place of birth among them by place of birth Vereinigtes Königreich Germany People from the United Kingdom in Augsburg Total Total United Kingdom England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Total among in Augsburg Other countries Citziens with British migrant in total 673 356 31 27 2 253 16 6 among citizens of the United Kingdom 36 25 22 21 7 2 5 2 6 Germans with migrant from the United Kingdom 35 7 6 2-2 126 - As 31.12.217 Development of citizens with British migrant Among the 673 registered people in Augsburg with a British migrant, 356 were born in the United Kingdom: 31 in England, 27 in Scotland, in Wales and 2 in Northern Ireland (s. Tab. 2). More than one third (253 people) were born in Germany, among them 16 here in Augsburg. Moreover, 6 British citizens whose place of birth is outside Germany or the United Kingdom are registered in Augsburg. Citziens of the United Kingdom Germans with migrant from the United Kingdom 7 Citizens with British migrant in total 6 5 3 2 1 Fig. 7: Development of registered citizens from the United Kingdom (173 till 217) and Germans with migrant from the United Kingdom (25 till 217) in Augsburg As yearly at 31.12. epaper of 2nd May 21 5
Germans and EU-foreigners in the city districts Tab. 3: Citizens in Augsburg s city districts by migrant, EU-foreigners and British citizens thereof among among among among City district Population*) in total Germans without migrant Germans with migrant Germans with EU-migrant Germans with a British migrant Foreigners in total Foreign EU-citzizens Citizens of the United Kingdom Number % Number % Number Number Number % Number % Namber 1. Lechviertel, östl. Ulrichsviertel.51 3.5 6,7 71 15, 336 6 76 15, 35 57,2 2 2. Innenstadt, St. Ulrich - Dom 3.62 2.3 67, 5 13,7 211 6 66 1, 37 55,1 6 3. Bahnhofs-, Bismarckviertel 7.55.75 63, 1.6 1,3 6 1 1.32 17,7 36, 13. Georgs- u. Kreuzviertel 3.7 2.157 62,6 551 16, 26 1 73 21, 37 51,2 12 5. Stadtjägerviertel 3.56 2.3 6, 572 15, 23 7 72 2,1 36 7, 6. Rechts der Wertach.23 2.175 51, 61 1,5 26. 1.1 3,1 66 6, 7. Bleich und Pfärrle 3.3 2.527 65, 5 15,2 33 732 1, 35, 5. Jakobervorstadt - Nord.22. 5,7 1.2 15, 56 6 2.2 2,5 1.2, 1. Jakobervorstadt - Süd 2.66 1.752 65, 377 1,2 1 1 535 2,1 323 6, 7 1. Am Schäfflerbach.3.31 52,2 2.75 22, 7 1 2.32 25, 1.17, 1 11. Spickel 2.65 2.123 7, 27 11, 17 5 275 1,2 1 33,1 12. Siebenbrunn 7 7, 15 15,2-5 5,1. 2, - 13. Hochfeld.62 5.272 53,5 2.6 25, 727 1 2.122 21,5 1 1,5 16 1. Antonsviertel 6.26.1 66,1 1.36 16,7 5 1.66 17,2 76,7 17 15. Rosenau- u. Thelottviertel 3.62 1. 57,5 623 1, 26. 2,5 3 35,3 3 16. Pfersee - Süd 13.26.2 62,3 2.765 2, 1.17 11 2.251 16, 1. 6,2 1 17. Pfersee - Nord 1.36 5.675 5,6 2.526 2,3 1.16 15 2.15 21,1 1.1 5,2 12 1. Kriegshaber 1.1.62 5,2 6.22 31,5 1. 25. 23,2 1. 3,7 3 1. Links der Wertach - Süd.26 1. 3,3 73 17,7 213 2 2.1, 5 2,5. 2. Links der Wertach - Nord 3.6 1.115 2,3 77 1,6 237 3 2.57 52,1 1 7,7 1 21. Oberhausen - Süd 6.77 2.7 36,7 1.66 23,7 523. 2.66 3,6 1.27, 5 22. Oberhausen - Nord.77 2.5 2, 2.63 32,6 22. 3.375 3, 1.5 5,. 23. Bärenkeller 7.777.32 55,7 1.27 23,5 65. 1.621 2, 6 53,6 2. Hochzoll - Nord.55 5.2 55,2 2.51 26,2 1. 12 1.32 1,6 776 2, 1 25. Lechhausen - Süd.53 3.57 3,6 2.61 2,2 2.72 31,2 1.113 3, 26. Lechhausen - Ost 13.526 6.65,2 3.73 2, 1.7 6 3. 22, 1.2 5,5 27. Lechhausen - West 13.1 5.23 3,.2 3,2 1.7 6.36 31, 2.322 52,3 6 2. Firnhaberau 5.1 3.3 67, 1.327 25,6 7 2 36 6, 2 56,7. 2. Hammerschmiede 7.27 3.62 5, 2.361 32, 1.32 7 6 13,2 536 55,6 3. Wolfram- u. Herrenbachviertel 1.77.23 3,7 3.135 2,1 35 13 3.36 31,2 1.272 37, 31. Hochzoll - Süd 1.27 6.53 5,6 2.3 26,2 1.22 1 1.536 1,2 6, 17 32. Universitätsviertel 11.5 3.13 35, 5.3,7 1.53 11 1.757 15, 651 37,1 1 33. Haunstetten - Nord 6.55.2 6,7 1.5 23, 726 1 12, 362,7 7 3. Haunstetten - West.1.2 52, 2.22 27,5 15 1.576 1,7 72 7,1 35. Haunstetten - Ost 6.121 3.73 6,5 1.533 25, 66 5 5 1,5 36,3 36. Haunstetten - Süd 6.7.26 6, 1.7 27,1 1 6 27 12, 362 3, 1 37. Göggingen - Nordwest.5 3.15 6, 6 1,5 52 1 75 15,6 3 51, 1 3. Göggingen - Nordost 6.3.163 5,5 1.6 23, 65 1 1.222 17,5, 1 3. Göggingen - Ost 3.3 2.17 61, 1 2,5 2. 36 1,5 157 5, -. Göggingen - Süd 6.17.116 67, 1.171 1,2 57 7 2 13, 2 52,3 5 1. Inningen.12 3.52 73,6 7 1,2 3 7 32,1 12 32, 3 2. Bergheim 2.6 2.221,1 322 12,2 221. 7 3,7 56 57,7. Gesamtstadt 25.5 157.717 53,3 73.551 2, 2.52 35 6.627 21, 2.6 5, 36 *) population = primary and secondary residence as register of residents, municipal office Augsburg. number less than 3 prescribed by the data protection As 31.12.217 epaper of 2nd May 21 6
± From the EU to Augsburg Immigration from EU countries km EU Member States 25 5 75 Non-EU Member States Germany period: 1.1.217 to 31.12.217 source: register of residents, municipal office FIN 36 S 15 EST 6 3 LV DK LT 1 5 GB 37 IRL 1 NL 526 B PL 5 L 53 CZ 15 SK Augsburg A 177 F H 121 SLO 5 2256 RO 11HR I 6 512 BG 53 E 176 P GR 21 M CY 1 Amt für Statistik und Stadtforschung Fig. : Immigration from EU countries to Augsburg in 217 epaper of 2nd May 21 7
± From Augsburg into the EU Emigration to EU countries km EU Member States 25 5 75 Non-EU Member States Germany period: 1.1.217 to 31.12.217 source: register of residents, municipal office FIN 3 S 13 EST 6 57 LV DK LT 31 6 GB 32 IRL 16 NL 6 B PL 7 L 2 CZ SK Augsburg A 163 F H 113 SLO 22 33 157 RO 522HR I 7 1 BG 62 E 11 P GR 17 M CY 1 Amt für Statistik und Stadtforschung Fig. : Emigration from Augsburg to EU countries in 217 epaper of 2nd May 21