Social Studies 20-2 Related Issue #2: Should nations pursue national interest? Chapter 5: National Interest and Foreign Policy How do national interest and foreign policy shape each other? Name:
Chapter 5: National Interest and Foreign Policy Related Issue #2: Should nations pursue national interests? Chapter Issue: How do national interest and foreign policy shape each other? What is National Interest? (Pages 110-112) To begin, please read page 110 and look at the photos and captions on page 110. (Figures 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, and 5-5 on page 111). Aspects of National Interest (page 111) Please copy down the four points below for national interest from page 111. (2 marks) People who govern democratic communities and nations make decisions based on what is in the interests of their community or nation. Whether a person s nationalism is based on a shared ethnicity and culture or shared beliefs and values, they want certain benefits for themselves and their communities. National interest may focus on one or more of the following: Please summarize each of these 3 sections from page 111. * Economic prosperity: (3 marks)
* security and safety: (3 marks) * beliefs and values: (3 marks) Total: /11 marks Changing Views of National Interest (page 111) Just as people have different understandings of nationalism, they also have different ideas about what is in the national interest. Looking at Figure 5-4, the Syrians shopping in the market might be concerned about the price and supply of food. But the Israeli girl in Figure 5-2 is probably much more concerned about her government s ability to make sure her family is safe. National interest is not static and unchanging. Events inside a country, such as a natural disaster or a proposed change in laws, can affect people s opinion about what is in the national interest. Look at Figure 5-5 to see how the people of Turkey had reasons to protest in February of 2008 and how it affected the national interest of the country. Events outside a country, such as the sudden flare-up of armed conflict between neighbouring states or the peaceful settlement of this conflict, can also change people s ideas about what is in their national interest. Complete the chart Differing Views of National Interest on the next page from page 112.
Differing Views of National Interest ( /18 marks) Point of View A Canadian who sees Canada as a peacekeeping nation Understanding or Argument (2 marks each) A Canadian who sees Canada as a peacemaker Kofi Annan John Spritzler
Condoleezza Rice A Chinese government official Which view do you think would be the most effective way to pursue Canada s national interest? (2 marks) Why? (2 marks) Explain your view of the national interest. (2 marks)
How are nationalism and national interest related? (Pages 113-115) People s choices are often inspired by loyalty. Read the top of page 113 to discover why? Nationalism can influence people s ideas about national interest in various ways at different times. This sometimes leads to extreme actions, such as invading other countries to gain territory. Or it may involve building up a country s reputation in the world - like China has tried to do by hosting the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beiging. Read the rest of page 113 concerning China hosting the Summer Olympics. As well, examine the photos on page 113 (Figures 5-7 and 5-8) and answer whether or not you believe these photos were inspired by nationalism? Look at the activity icon (the red arrow) at the bottom of page 113 - Why do you think a country would choose to host the Olympic games? Express your response in terms of national interest. ( /5 marks)
National Interest and Arctic Sovereignty Read pages 114 and 115 together as a class and examine Figures 5-10, 5-11, and 5-12. Answer the following questions from page 114: 1. What does national interest often involve? (1 mark) 2. Which five countries lay claim to the islands and land of the North Pole? (1 mark) 3. What else are these five countries laying claim to in the north? (1 mark) 4. What did Russia do in August 2007? (1 mark) 5. What is the continental shelf? (1 mark) 6. What symbolic claim did the Russians make to lay claim to the natural resources buried in the north. (1 mark) 7. How far does a countries border extend beyond their coastline out into the ocean? (1 mark) 8. What word is used to describe this claim of the ocean territory? (1 mark)
9. How far off a countries coastline does the country control the resources? (1 mark) 10. What is the first of two factors to highlight the importance of claiming sovereignty in the Arctic? (1 mark) 11. What is the economic importance of ice melting in the North? (2 marks) 12. What is the second factor that has made Arctic sovereignty an issue? (1 mark) 13. How much of the world s undiscovered oil and gas is estimated to be embedded in the Arctic s soil? (1 mark) Total: /14 marks Discuss the following ques1ons together as a class: * Is it in Canada s national interest to claim the Northwest Passage? Why? * What arguments might the government use to claim the Northwest Passage for Canada? * Should Canada maintain a military presence in the Arctic? * How should the issue of Arctic sovereignty be resolved? * Has climate change affected the Northwest Passage? How? Why is this important? * Why should we care about lands and waters that few Canadians ever visit?
Chapter 5: National Interest and Foreign Policy How has national interest shaped foreign policy? (Pages 116-118) Question: What are some of our school s policies? A policy is a plan of action that has been deliberately chosen to guide or influence choices and decisions. A country s government is responsible for developing both domestic policy and foreign policy. Write out the 5 points for POLICY from page 116 below: (2 marks) Then read the examples for Domestic and Foreign policy on page 116. Some Effects of Foreign Policy (page 116) Foreign policy decisions may have short-term effects on a small number of people or long-term effects on millions of people. Some foreign policy decisions made at the end of World War I, for example, are still affecting the world today. Many people believe that today s conflicts in the Middle Eastern countries can be traced directly to the foreign policy decisions of the United States and European countries as they pursued their national interests at the end of W.W.I. Examine Figure 5-13 on page 116. It shows how domestic and international events shape - and are shaped by - nationalism (the pursuit of national interest and foreign policy). All of these can awaken nationalist feelings. These nationalist feelings can cause citizens to revise their opinions about what is in the national interest. When citizens ideas change, governments may respond by changing their foreign policies.
National Interest and W.W.I Peace Settlements (Page 117) First, you must listen to my lecture on how W.W.I began, and why the war spun out of control. Questions: 1. Where was W.W.I fought? (1 mark) 2. What was the first side called mentioned in your text and which country led this side? (1 mark) 3. What was the reason these countries were called the Central Powers? (1 mark) 4. What was the other side called and which country led this side? (1 mark) 5. What had the world never experienced prior to W.W.I? (1 mark) 6. How many people died and what were the costs of war? (1 mark) 7. What flourished in Europe prior to W.W.I? (1 mark) 8. What do many historians believe caused W.W.I? (1 mark) 9. What did European governments believe was in their national interest? (1 mark) 10. What did European countries foreign policies involve at this time? (1 mark)
11. What did these alliances agree to do? (1 mark) 12. Why did so many countries enter the war so quickly? (1 mark) 13. Why is W.W.I considered to be a very frustrating war for ordinary citizens of countries? (1 mark) 14. Why did Canada join in the fight? (1 mark) 15. Which peoples of the world were in similar situations to the Canadians? (1 mark) 16. How long did W.W.I last and when did it end? How did it end? (1 mark) 17. What event sparked the beginning of WWI? (1 mark) 18. In what city did this event take place? (1 mark) 19. What was the name of the assassin? (1 mark) 20. Who was killed? Where were they from? (2 marks) Total: /23 marks
Treaty Negotiations in France (page 117) 1. Following the war, where did peace talks take place and for how long? (1 mark) 2. What issues did leaders of various countries focus on following the war? (1 mark) 3. Which countries wanted to punish Germany? (1 mark) 4. Who were the leaders of these respective nations? (1 mark) 5. Which other country was involved in the peace talks and who was their leader? (1 mark) 6. What was the result of these three nations making many of the decisions? (1 mark) 7. Which treaty involved Germany? (1 mark) 8. What three things were imposed on Germany? (3 marks) 9. List the four things that the Treaty of Versailles required Germany to do: (2 marks)
10. Who was the Prime Minister of Canada at the end of W.W.I? (1 mark) 11. What did he demand and win for Canada? (1 mark) 12. What do many historians believe is the significant impact of W.W.I on Canada? (1 mark) Total: /15 marks Next, please read Making a Difference: Woodrow Wilson - Visionary or Dreamer? on page 118. After you have read Making a Difference, please answer the EXPLORATIONS question #3. Answer HERE from page 118 - (5 marks) #3)
National Interests after World War I (page 120) 1. What did many Canadians believe was in their national interest during W.W.I? (1 mark) 2. What happened once the war ended? (1 mark) 3. What did many Canadians do on the home front during the war? (1 mark) 4. What happened to the need of these products after the war? (1 mark) 5. What was the result of this? (1 mark) 6. What became more important? (1 mark) 7. Which other countries became more concerned with domestic policies? Why? (2 marks) 8. What did the Allied countries concern with their own domestic policies mean? Who suffered the most because of this? (2 marks) National Interests in the Middle East (page 120) 1. What did Turkish rulers focus on prior to World War I? (1 mark) Total: /10 marks 2. What did other Arab groups share within the Ottoman Empire? (1 mark) 3. What did other Arab groups suffer within the Ottoman Empire? (1 mark)
4. What grew during the war? What did the Arab peoples want? (1 mark) 5. How did other Arab groups promote their own national interest during the war? (1 mark) 6. What were they promised in return? (1 mark) 7. Who led Arab fighters against the Turks and Germany? (1 mark) 8. Who did he help in 1917 and which part of the Arab world did they gain control of? (2 marks) 9. What had Britain and France secretly agreed to do? (1 mark) 10. What did Faysal attempt to do in 1919? What was the result? (2 marks) Look at the table Arab Self-Government at the bottom of page 120 to assist you with these next three questions... 11. How would you feel if you were an Arab who had been promised self-government after W.W.I? (3 marks)
12. How do you think the broken promises of Britain and France would have affected your feelings of nationalism? (2 marks) 13. What would your attitude be towards Britain and France? (2 marks) Total: /19 marks National Interest and Policy in the Middle East (page 121) 1. What is the name of the British owned oil company drilling in the Middle East before the start of W.W.I? What year did they begin? (2 marks) 2. What is Persia know as today? (1 mark) 3. Why would the Persians be so upset with a British-owned oil company drilling for oil in their homeland? (1 mark) 4. Which territory and peoples did the French control in the Middle East following W.W.I? (1 mark) 5. Which territory and peoples did the British control in the Middle East following W.W.I? (1 mark) 6. What is the country of Palestine known as today? How about Transjordan? (2 marks)
7. Which countries did President Woodrow Wilson support? (1 mark) 8. Who did the Big Three at the Paris Peace Conference not pay much attention to? (1 mark) 9. What were the Big Three mainly concerned with? (1 mark) 10. What was unusual before World War I? What was the result of this? (2 marks) 11. How did the war change this? (1 mark) 12. What was the result by the time the war had ended? (1 mark) 13. What was it that France and Britain believed in? (1 mark) 14. How did this affect the Arab peoples of the world? (1 mark) 15. What event made the Arab peoples even more angry with Britain? (1 mark) 16. What is the Balfour Declaration? (1 mark)
17. How did Arab nationalists view these actions? (1 mark) 18. In your own words, explain the meaning of: national interest: (1 mark) nationalism: (1 mark) foreign policy: (1 mark) domestic policy: (1 mark) 19. How have the foreign policies of Britain and France - as well as the pursuit of their own national interest - helped create resentment among the Arab people towards the western world? (3 marks) Total: /27 marks
How has foreign policy shaped national interest? (Pages 124-127) Picture nationalism, foreign policy, and national interest as a web that is complex and changes constantly. The pursuit of national interest often shapes foreign policy, but foreign policy can also shape the pursuit of national interest. A government's foreign policies can affect its citizens' safety and security, their economic future, and their values and culture. As an example, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia in 1914, that foreign policy decision affected the personal security, economic prosperity, and culture of everyone in the Austo-Hungarian Empire for decades to come. When Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany, that foreign policy decision affected the security, economic prosperity, and culture of Canadians as well as British citizens. 9/11 and Canada in Afghanistan (Page 124) 1. How many people died in 9/11 attacks on the USA? (1 mark) 2. How many Canadians died? (1 mark) 3. Where did military and security experts believe Osama bin Laden was hiding following the 9/11 attacks? (1 mark) 4. What is the name of the group bin Laden leads? (1 mark) 5. Who was protecting bin Laden? (1 mark) 6. Who are the Taliban? (1 mark) 7. What did the United Nations agree upon following the 9/11 attacks? (1 mark) 8. What was the goal of UN led mission? (1 mark) 9. Who was president of the UN General Assembly? (1 mark)
10. What did the president of the UN General Assembly say about the 9/11 attacks? (1 mark) 11. What inherent right did the USA have in regards to the 9/11 attacks? (1 mark) 12. Who organized the Afghan mission? (1 mark) 13. What does the NATO treaty say? (1 mark) 14. What changed for the American military in 2003? How did this affect the NATO forces? (2 marks) 15. How did other NATO nations make up for this decline in forces? (1 mark) 16. What controversial decision did Canada make in regards to their role in Afghanistan? (1 mark) 17. How did the 9/11 attacks, in your mind, affect Canadians' view of Canada national interests and foreign policies? (2 marks) 18. Look at Figure 5-24 on page 124. What foreign policies do you think these Canadians in the image want the Canadian government to follow? (2 marks) Total: /21 marks
Debate over Afghanistan (Page 125) Read page 125 to get a good look at the different viewpoints that many Canadians hold towards our government's mission in that country. As well, examine Figure 5-25 (cartoon). What do you think the cartoonist is saying about the debate over Canada's foreign policy with respect to Afghanistan? Canadians' Concerns (Page 126) 1. The debate about Canada's role in Afghanistan revolves around the following issues. Please write out the 6 issues below: (3 marks) 2. What is Canada's dual role in Afghanistan? (2 marks) 3. What are the three different points of view or perspectives on the role that Canadians forces should play in Afghanistan? (3 marks) Total: /8 marks
Afghans' Concerns 1. What is one of the main collective and national interest concerns of the people of Afghanistan? (1 mark) 2. What do Afghans believe they can do once they feel secure within their own borders? (1 mark) 3. Name four things that many Afghans want to have within their nation? (2 marks) 4. What do they need for all of these things to exist? (1 mark) 5. What is the life expectancy in Afghanistan? In Canada? (2 marks) 6. What is the unemployment rate in Afghanistan? In Canada? (2 marks) 7. What do many Afghans want after 25 years of war? (1 mark) 8. What do many Afghans want other nations to understand? (1 mark) Total: /12 marks
National Interests and Women's Rights (page 127) Please look at Figure 5-29 on page 127. 1. What were girls and women NOT allowed to do when the Taliban controlled Afghanistan? (2 marks) 2. What did Afghanistan s new government do to change the situation for women in Afghanistan? (1 mark) 3. What is the ministry s goal for Afghanistan? (1 mark) 4. What did the Taliban do to respond to the new ministry s decision? (1 mark) 5. Who is Sima Samar? (1 mark) 6. What did she do in 2007? (1 mark) 7. What is Sima Samar talking about when she says you can t have IT without the participation of half the population (women)? (2 marks) 8. How did Sima Samar respond when she received death threats from the Taliban for helping the girls and women of Afganistan? (Figure 5-29) (2 marks)